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03.05.2020Often thought of only for its ability to add a decorative edge to any surface, a router can also easily create strong and attractive joinery or eye-catching inlays. Once you know the basics of its operation, you open up a world of uses. In a router, a motor spins a collet that grips the shank of a router bit. Routers come in one of two base styles: fixed, where you set the cutting depth once and lock it in for the task; and plunge, where two spring-loaded rods support the motor and allow for lowering and raising the spinning bit into and out of a workpiece.
This plunging action makes it easier to start a cut in the middle of a field, such as for a stopped dado. Many manufacturers offer both bases in a kit with a single router motor that swaps between them [ Photo A, below ]. Kits provide a less expensive option than purchasing two separate routers. Swap the motor between the fixed base and the plunge base depending on the job. To further wood magazine best router join to the variety available, many manufacturers now offer battery-powered models [ Photo B, below ].
This gives you a truly portable tool for use in the shop or on a job site. Big routers have the power to spin large bits through a cut. Smaller models can be operated one-handed. In all routers, a collet, tightened by a wrench, compresses around the bit shank to hold it in place [ Photo C, above ].
Then tighten the collet [ Photos D, E, below ]. Some routers require one wrench to grip the spindle and a second wrench wood magazine best router join tighten the collet. Squeezing the wrenches with one hand allows steadying the motor with the other.
A collet lock prevents the spindle from turning so you can tighten the collet using only one wrench. At the heart of routing is the bit [ Photo F, below ], with cutters of either high-speed steel or carbide. High-speed steel bits cost less but dull quicker than carbide bits.
A bit for shaping a workpiece edge [ Photo G series, below ] or following a template secured to the workpiece has a bearing at the end. The bit spins inside the bearing, reducing friction, which causes burn marks. Though early routers ran at fixed speeds around 25, rpm, most newer models come with variable-speed motors [ Photo H, below ].
Run small-diameter bits at high speeds; use slower speeds for large-diameter bits. Variable speed allows matching the motor speed to the bit diameter for safe operation and the best results. Next, set the cutting depth. This reduces strain on the bit wood magazine best router join motor, and reduces chip-out on the workpiece [ Stop chip-outbelow ]. Stop chip-out Wood magazine best router join across end grain wood magazine best router join cause chip-out at the end of the cut [ Photo I, below ].
A pass along the adjacent edge removes minor chip-out [ Photo J, following ]. To prevent chip-out from happening in the first place, back up the cut [ Photo K, beneath ].
As the bit rotates out of the workpiece, it tears unsupported wood fibers along the adjacent edge. Stringy woods, such as oak, prove especially prone to chip-out. Routing the edge cuts away the torn fibers, leaving a smooth profile on the edge and end. So for edge treatments, rout end grain first, and edge grain last.
Clamp a scrap the same thickness as the workpiece flush with the end of the board. This supports the fibers along the edge, resulting in a clean corner. Before touching the bit to wood, you need to understand how bit rotation affects the direction you move the router. In a handheld router, the bit spins clockwise when viewed from above. When routing an edge, moving the router counterclockwise around the workpiece helps keep the bit bearing against the wood edge as you push wood magazine best router join router along [ Drawing 1, below ].
When routing clockwise—called climb-cutting—the bit bites into the wood magazine best router join and pulls the router along, like a car tire when you mash the gas pedal. Because deep cuts increase this tendency, resulting in ragged cuts, only climb-cut with very shallow depth, and only when necessary [ Drawing 2, below ]. Routing direction confuses even experienced users, especially when it comes to routing the inside edges of a frame.
Wood magazine best router join simple way to think of it: Look at each member of the frame as a single workpiece, and begin routing counterclockwise around it [ Drawing 3, below ]. Above start with the router base on the workpiece, and the bit away from the wood. Turn the router on, grip both handles, and push the bit into the wood until the bearing makes contact as you also begin moving the router along the edge.
Keep the router base pressed against the top of the workpiece. Proper feed speed is something you develop with experience, and it varies with wood species, so practice on scrap for your first passes.
Too fast, and you increase chances of chip-out. Too slow, and you may burn the edge [ Photo O, below ]. Slowing as you prepare to turn a corner is a common cause of burn marks. Burn marks can be difficult to remove. Changing your stance or grip as you rout can cause a pause, resulting in a burn. A plunge router offers an easier way, using the depth-stop turret [ Photos Q, R, following ]. Routing this deep profile in three progressively deeper passes resulted in a smooth edge with no burning or chip-out.
For a three-step cut, first plunge the bit to the final depth. Rotate the turret to one of its lower steps and adjust the depth-stop rod to contact it. Rotate the turret two steps to a higher step, and make the first cut. Then, rotate the turret and make a deeper pass.
One more wood magazine best router join at the original turret step will complete the profile. Using a bit without a bearing requires some method of guiding the router. Mount an edge guide to the router base [ Photo S, below ], or clamp a straightedge to the workpiece [ Photo T, following ]. An edge guide indexes the bit a set distance from the workpiece edge, creating wood magazine best router join cut parallel to the edge.
Ride the router base against a straightedge to cut a dado or groove in a workpiece. Mastering the use of a router opens up a world of decorative project possibilities as well as time-tested and functional joinery solutions. Wood dust messes up a shop quickly and can lead to respiratory problems. Tablesaws with enclosed Skip to main content. Router Get a handle on using a handheld router. Facebook Pinterest Twitter Text. Printer-friendly version. Read more about Cutting Curves. Not So Dangerous Curves Ahead.
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