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17.02.2021Post a Comment. The Messerschmitt Menicknamed Schwalbe German: " Swallow ww2 jet planes german 3d in fighter versions, or Sturmvogel German: " Storm Bird " in fighter-bomber versions, was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft.
The Me was faster and more heavily armed than any Allied fighter, including the British jet-powered Gloster Meteor. Me pilots claimed a total of Allied kills, [8] although higher claims are sometimes made. Engine reliability problems, from the pioneering nature of its Junkers Jumo axial-flow turbojet engines—the first ever placed in mass production—and attacks by Allied forces on fuel supplies during the deteriorating late-war situation also reduced the effectiveness of the aircraft as a fighting force.
In the end, the Me had a negligible impact on the course of the war jte a result of its late introduction and the consequently small numbers ww2 jet planes german 3d in operational service. While German use of the aircraft ended with the close of the Second World War, a small number were operated by the Czechoslovak Air Force until Captured Ww2 jet planes german 3d s were studied and flight tested by the major powers, and ultimately influenced the designs of a number of post-war aircraft such as the North American F Sabre and Boeing B Stratojet.
After the successful test flights of the world's first jet aircraft—the Heinkel He —within a week of the Invasion of Poland to start the war, they adopted the plane engine for an advanced fighter aircraft. As a result, the Me was already under development as Projekt P. Ww2 jet planes german 3d were first drawn up in Apriland the original design was very different from the aircraft that eventually entered service, with wing root-mounted engines, [12] rather than podded ones, when submitted in June Because the engines were slow to arrive, Messerschmitt moved the engines from the wing roots to underwing pods, allowing them to be changed more readily if needed; this would turn out to be important, both for availability and maintenance.
By that time, problems with engine development had slowed production of the aircraft considerably. One particularly acute problem arose with the lack of an alloy with a melting point high enough to endure the high temperatures involved, a problem that by the end of the war had not been adequately resolved.
He initially designed the wing using NACA airfoils modified with an elliptical Ww2 Jet Planes German Queen nose section. Wings were of single-spar cantilever construction, with stressed skinsvarying from 3 mm 0. The configuration of a high-speed, light-payload Schnellbomber "fast bomber" was intended to penetrate enemy airspace during the expected Allied invasion of France.
His edict resulted in the development ww2 jet planes german 3d and concentration on the Sturmvogel variant. It is debatable to what planees Hitler's interference extended the delay in bringing the Ww2 Jet Planes German Engineering Schwalbe into operation; [20] [21] it appears engine vibration issues were at ger,an as costly, if not more so.
He rejected arguments that the aircraft would be more effective as a fighter against je Allied bombers that were destroying large parts of Germany, and wanted it as a bomber for revenge attacks. According to Speer, Hitler felt its superior speed compared to other fighters of 3x ww2 jet planes german 3d meant it could not ww2 jet planes german 3d attacked, and so preferred it for ww2 jet planes german 3d altitude straight flying.
Although the Me is often referred to as a " swept wing " design, the production Me had a leading edge sweep of only Its retracting conventional gear, a feature shared with the first four Me V-series airframes, caused its jet exhaust to deflect off the runway, with ww2 jet planes german 3d wing's turbulence negating the effects of the elevatorsand the first takeoff attempt qw2 cut short.
On the second attempt, Wendel solved the problem by tapping the aircraft's brakes at takeoff speed, lifting the horizontal tail out of the wing's turbulence. Test flights continued over the next year, but engine problems continued to plague the project, the Jumo being only marginally more reliable than the BMW Airframe modifications were complete by but, hampered by the lack of engines, serial production did not begin untiland deliveries were low, with 28 Me s in June, 59 in July, but only 20 in August.
However, with adequate maintenance between the major overhauls, a pilot could expect an engine life of 20—25 hours from the 's. Frank Whittle concludes in his final assessment over the two engines: "it was in the quality of high temperature materials that the difference between Germans and British engines was most marked" [33]. Operationally, carrying 2, l imp gal; US gal of fuel in two l imp gal; US gal tanks, one each fore and aft the cockpit, and a l 44 imp gal; 53 US gal tank beneath, [Note 3] the Me would have a total flight endurance of 60 to 90 minutes.
Fuel was usually ww2 jet planes german 3d coal-derived Ww2 jet planes german 3d, with the option of diesel oil or a mixture of oil and high octane B4 aviation petrol. Unit cost for an Me airframe, less engines, armament, and electronics, was RM 87, Major Walter Nowotny was assigned as commander after the death of Thierfelder in Julyand the unit redesignated Kommando Nowotny. Essentially a trials and development unit, it holds the distinction of having mounted the plabes first jet fighter operations.
Trials continued slowly, with initial operational missions against the Allies in Augustplznes the unit made plnes for 19 Allied aircraft in exchange of six Me ww2 jet planes german 3d lost.
Despite orders to stay grounded, Nowotny chose to fly a mission against an ew2 bomber formation flying some 30, feet above, on 8 November He claimed two PDs jjet before suffering engine failure at high altitude.
Robert W. Stevens of the th Fighter Group. It is also possible he was hit by "friendly" flak. Others were lost to ground fire on 17 and 18 December when the same airfield was attacked at intervals by a total of 18 Me s and the guns of and Squadrons RAF Regiment damaged several, causing at least two of them to crash within a few miles of the airfield. In FebruarySergeant Pollards's B.
The final appearance of s over Volkel was inwhen yet another fell to 's guns. By JanuaryJagdgeschwader 7 JG 7 had been formed as a pure jet fighter wing, although it was several weeks before it was operational. In ww2 jet planes german 3d meantime, a bomber unit—I GruppeKampfgeschwader 54 KG 54 —had re-equipped with the Me A-2a fighter-bomber for use in a ground-attack role.
However, the unit lost 12 jets in action in two weeks for minimal returns. Galland was able to draw into the unit many of the most experienced and decorated Luftwaffe fighter pilots from other units grounded by lack of fuel.
During March, Me fighter units were able, for the first time, to mount large-scale attacks on Allied bomber formations. On 18 March37 Me s of JG 7 intercepted a force of 1, bombers and escorting fighters. They shot down 12 bombers and one fighter for the loss of three Me s.
In the last days of the war, Me s from JG 7 and other units were committed in ground assault missions, in an attempt to support German troops fighting Red Army forces. Armee with elements from Armee and 4.
Luftwaffe pilots claimed six lorries and seven Soviet aircraft, but three German jets were lost. They succeeded in strafing 65 Soviet lorries, after which the Me s ww2 jet planes german 3d low flying IL-2 Sturmoviks searching for German tanks.
The jet pilots claimed six Sturmoviks for the loss of three Messerschmitt. During ww2 jet planes german 3d between 28 April and 1 May Soviet fighters and ground fire downed at least 10 more Me from JG 7.
And on the 8th of May, at around 4 p. Fritz Stehle of ww2 jet planes german 3d. He claimed germn Yakovlev Yak-9germna the plane shot down was most probably a P Airacobra. Soviet records show that they lost two Airacobras, one of them downed probably by Stehle, that thereby scored the last Luftwaffe air victory of the war.
Serving with 10 StaffelNachtjagdgeschwader 11near Berlin, these few aircraft alongside several single-seat examples accounted for most of the 13 Mosquitoes lost over Berlin in the first three months of As the two-seat trainer was largely unavailable, many pilots made their first jet flight in a single-seater without an instructor. Despite its deficiencies, the Me clearly signaled the beginning of the end of piston-engined aircraft as effective fighting machines.
The Me 's top ace [Note 5] was probably Ww2 jet planes german 3d Franz Schall with 17 kills, which included six four-engine bombers and 10 P Mustang fighters, although night fighter ace Oberleutnant Kurt Welter claimed 25 Mosquitos and two four-engine bombers shot down by night and two further Mosquitos by day flying the Me Most of Welter's claimed night kills were achieved in standard radar-less aircraft, even though Welter had tested a prototype Me ww2 jet planes german 3d with FuG Neptun radar.
The Me was so fast that German pilots needed new tactics to attack Allied bombers. In the head-on attack, the closing speed of about m per second yd was too high for accurate shooting. Even from astern, the closing speed was too great to use the short-ranged 30 mm cannon plames maximum effect.
Therefore, a roller-coaster attack was devised. The s approached from astern and about 1, m higher 5, plqnes than the bombers. From about 5 km behind 3. When they were about 1. Target acquisition was difficult because the jets closed into firing range quickly and remained in firing position only briefly, using their standard attack profile, which proved more effective.
You whack in at your bomber. It was never meant to be a dogfighter, it was meant to be a destroyer of bombers The great problem with it was it did not have dive brakes. For example, if you want to fight and destroy a B, you come in on a dive. The 30mm cannon were not so accurate beyond metres. So you normally came in at yards and would open fire on your B And your closing speed was still high and since you had to break away at meters to avoid a collision, you only had two seconds firing time.
Now, in two seconds, you can't sight. You can fire randomly and hope for the best. If you want to sight and fire, you need to double that time to four seconds. And with dive brakes, you could have done that.
Eventually, German pilots developed new combat ww2 jet planes german 3d to counter Allied bombers' defences. Me s, equipped with up to 24 unguided folding-fin R4M rockets — 12 in each of two underwing racks, outboard of the engine nacelle — approached from the side of a bomber formation, verman their silhouettes were widest, and while still out of range of the bombers' machine guns, fired a salvo of rockets with strongly brisant Hexogen -filled warheads, exactly the same explosive in the shells fired by the Me A's quartet of MK cannon.
One or 3e of these rockets could down even the famously rugged B Flying Fortress[51] from the "metal-shattering" brisant effect of the R4M rockets' explosive warheads, weighing only g 18 oz per projectile out of a total launch weight of 4 kg 8.
Though this tactic was effective, it came too late to have a real effect on the war, and only small numbers ww2 jet planes german 3d Me s were equipped with the rocket packs. Some nicknamed this tactic the Luftwaffe's Wolf Packas the fighters often made runs in groups of two or three, fired their rockets, then returned to base. On 1 SeptemberUSAAF General Carl Spaatz expressed the fear that if greater numbers of German jets appeared, they could inflict losses heavy enough to force cancellation of the Allied bombing offensive by daylight.
The Me was difficult for its ww2 jet planes german 3d to counter because its high 3f and rate of climb made it hard to intercept. However, as with other turbojet engines at the time, the Me 's engines did ww2 jet planes german 3d provide sufficient plznes at low air speeds and throttle response was slow, thereby, the aircraft became a vulnerable target.
Another disadvantage that pioneered jet aircraft of the Second World War Era shared, was the high risk of compressor stalland if the providing throttle movements were too rapidly, the engine would suffer from flame extinction. The coarse opening of the throttle will, however, cause fuel surging and lead to excessive jet pipe temperature. Pilots were instructed to operate the throttle gently and avoid quick changes. German engineers introduced an automatic throttle regulator later in planee war but it only partly alleviated the problem.
The plane had, ger,an contemporary standards, a high wing loading Due to poor throttle response, the engines' tendency for airflow disruption that could cause the compressor to stall was ubiquitous. The high speed of the Me also presented problems when engaging enemy aircraft, the high-speed convergence allowing Me ww2 jet planes german 3d little time to line up their targets or acquire the appropriate amount of deflection.
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