Help Learn to whittling chip placement Community portal Recent changes Upload file. An example of one type of mandrel is a shaped bar of metal inserted in, or next to, an item to be machined or bent whittling chip placement a certain pattern, e. A mandrel of this type generally consists of a cylinder, threaded on whittling chip placement end, with a washer brazed onto the threaded end and an accompanying screw and second washer used to clamp the circular saw blade, sanding media, or dhip rotary tool onto the mandrel. In metal spinning, a wood or metal spinning mandrel is used, the form of which corresponds with the internal contour of the part to be produced. This article needs additional citations for verification.

Mandrels are not recent inventions. Metal machining utilizing the spinning process has been recorded as far back as ancient Egyptian times. In metal spinning, a wood or metal spinning mandrel is used, the form of which corresponds with the internal contour of the part to be produced.

This method securely clamps the raw material and allows for accurate machining into the desired final form. Also, the traversing mandrel was introduced [ where? The traversing mandrel was primarily employed by clockmakers and ornamental turners during this era. Eventually the device was superseded by a mandrel-driven device called a leadscrew , which uses a train of gears that can be altered as required for the turning application.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Mandrel disambiguation. Not to be confused with Mandrill or Mandrell. This article needs additional citations for verification.

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Bruce Hoadley wrote that grain is a "confusingly versatile term" with numerous different uses, including the direction of the wood cells e. Perhaps the most important physical aspect of wood grain in woodworking is the grain direction or slope e.

The two basic categories of grain are straight and cross grain. Straight grain runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piece. Cross grain deviates from the longitudinal axis in two ways: spiral grain or diagonal grain. The amount of deviation is called the slope of the grain. In describing the application of a woodworking technique to a given piece of wood, the direction of the technique may be:.

Grain alignment must be considered when joining pieces of wood, or designing wooden structures. For example, a stressed span is less likely to fail if tension is applied along the grain, rather than across the grain. Grain direction will also affect the type of warping seen in the finished item. In describing the alignment of the wood in the tree a distinction may be made.

Different tree species may have one of the following basic grain descriptions and types: [5]. In its simplest aesthetic meaning, wood grain is the alternating regions of relatively darker and lighter wood resulting from the differing growth parameters occurring in different seasons i.

Causes including fungus, burls , stress, knots, special grain alignments, and others produce figure in wood. Their rarity often promotes the value of both the raw material, and the finished work it becomes a part of.

These include:. Strictly speaking, grain is not always the same as the figure of wood. There is irregular grain in burr wood or burl wood, but this is result of very many knots. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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