Round nose router bits - products on Joom. If you're looking for high-quality and affordable round nose router bits - you'll find the best round nose router bits at great prices on Joom - from 3 to 6 USD. A wide range of available colours in our catalogue: Yellow, Gray, Blue, Red, Multicolor, Gold, Orange, Black, White, Green. Only high-quality materials: Metal, Alloy, Diamond, Plastic; and popular brands: Sourcingmap. Our advantages.  If you're not satisfied with the quality of round nose router bits you've received - please contact our support. We'll review the issue and make a decision about a partial or a full refund. ⭐Free worldwide shipping. All products from round nose router bits category are shipped worldwide with no additional fees. Frequently Asked Question. A wide variety of round nose router bit options are available to you, such as material, warranty, and certification.  round nose router bit. Sort By: Relevancy. 1/6. Router Bit Spiral Tungsten Milling Cnc Cutting Tools Single Flute Size Router Bit Mills Carbide End Mill Cutter Shank Type Endmill. US $$/ Piece. Pieces(Min Order). Первая часть цикла: Скрипты RouterOS. Вторая часть цикла: MikroTik Ansible. В цикле статей «Автоматизация при эксплуатации оборудования MikroTik RouterOS» представлен обзор средств автоматизации, применяемых при эксплуатации оборудования на базе RouterOS. Решения применимы как к аппаратным решениям MikroTik, так и к облачным решениям, построенным на базе RouterOS. Заключительная часть цикла посвящена использованию централизованного инструмента управления устройствами с помощью API RouterOS с примерами для языка Python3. Customer Relations - The relationship a company has with its customers and the way it deals with them. Save on your first month only. When noss companies work together to promote and sell each others products. That will invert the stepper direction. Bita - In employment this refers specifically to action taken by workers round nose router bits python disassociate themselves from a trade union which previously represented them. Email Address. I use 4 pololu acan you help me??

As for the question on current per pin. Biopolar steppers have two coils and when doing full steps one coil will be fully powered and one not. My assumption is that two of the pins will be sharing the up to 2. Picking the right wire is pretty simple, make it at least as thick as the wire coming from the stepper as the installed wire will be defining factor. Best would be to go for steppers rated at 2 or just below that.

If you really want to drive 2amp and up I would suggest looking at Gecko stepper drivers. I am looking at using motors used for RC cars. Things that does set spindles appart are how much side forces they can take and how long they can run without over heating. I have been tempted by this monster for a while :.

Only use the SPNen? Best is to use a relay with the motor. There are plenty of relay board available that are 5v compatible.

Also why are there two pins each for SpnEn, SpnDir, etc. Is one of them Gnd? If so which one. I am hoping to switch the spindle on and off via software and a spindle control board. Have a look at this link. It depends on the version of GRBL you are running. What is considered the right way? A PC power supply can be used.

Great Thanks! It is possible yes. Have a look at this discussion for more detail. Can you help me? Arduino pins are low current and will not power a laser, so use some kind of relay or transistor to drive more power. Hi, I have uno , with cnc shield with grbl 9h. Have a look at the config. From what I can see it might not be that easy. With the GRBL v0. I just assembled today my first CNC Shield. Went well. Then I decided to test A, cloning Z.

Same as before, no move So I tried, still on A, but cloning Y. I was thinking I might reflash GRBL, as it seems the problem is in the firmware rather than in the shield. What version GRBL are you running. I noticed that some imports of GRBL 0. It swaps the spindle and z-limit pin. Hi, This is a video of my first run of my CNC machine using 3. You can see the machine stop and go many time and there is a very strange noise coming out of the motor controller shield or the Arduino uno.

Any clues about the problem? I just found this: the sound does not come from the shield or the arduino. It came from the z stepper. Stepper drivers will still power the steppers while they are not moving. Does the noise frequency change if you reduce the current setting on that stepper driver? What is the stepper driver temperatures like? I know the DRV drivers are very sensitive to heat and I would say running them without heatsinks will be hard.

The run , stop can be thermal cut out. These drivers are also pretty noisy when standing still holding current. Have you tried swapping the stepper drivers, if the swap changes the problems to another axis it could be a driver issue. Also double check solder joints on the problem axis. Hi if I have V3. End-stops are divided into x,y,z connections. When the button is pressed the System will be rebooted. Hi there, I found a short mention about powering the shield and arduino board but not fully detailed.

Do I need to power both, shield and arduino boards from 12V or is it enough to power the arduino from USB and the shield from a 12V or higher source? Hi, I am fixing to configure my first cnc with uno and cnc shield v3. I have a question regarding the changes in grbl 0. Do I just connect spindle to z endstop pins and z endstop to spindle enable pins? Is the current through pins sufficient for 1.

I had planned to use a digital relay. Also, I had planned to use high and low endstops. If I just switch the pins, should I wire the endstop switches parallel to one another external to the shield? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Yes, those are the only pins that swapped in V0. Yes, on the end stops. Keep in mind that GRBL is configured for always open end stops. Hi, Bertus. On the board, i see a CoolEn conector. What that means? Is it a conector for a cooling fan?

This pin however can be connected to a relay to switch on a fan. Do i have to connect the sondle enable to Zx Endstop? With the default PWM settings enabled you need to run the S command to enable the spindle.

I am facing a strange problem with my driver. My Cnc shield is Ver3. I am using all four driver slots. One of the A driver does not allow the Arduino to turn on, if 32 steps jumper is selected for that specific slot. So I had to configure my Y axis parameter for 4 steps and rest axis for 32 steps which is awkward. Is it a faulty board or can I do something to enable 32 steps for this particular board I have only 4 driver boards and it takes long time for shipment to reach my place for new drivers.

OK thanks, yep got the steppers to move correctly in each direction. Next question is for the limit switches, is it the Common and Normally open pins on the micro-switches that connect to the end stops on the CNC shield V3? This sounds like it could be the stepper motor wires being hooked up wrong. The board has white pins for X, Y, Z, A positive and negative, then next to each of these is a strip of black pins.

Are the black pins all to ground? The shield uses GRBL Firmware and the standard way of setting up end-stops is using normally open switches. End-stops get activated if the get grounded. It sounds like you have some kind of active end-stops if they need power.

Hi, i am trying to use my mega with grbl while i waiting my UNO to arrive. I manage to use the 3. I am using universal Gcode sender, and it shows the axis moving in the screen. I also tried using the arduino IDE to send manual code with the same result.

Do you know how to make it work? The A drivers needs atleast 8V to work. The Arduino is not officially supported but it could be that the stepper pins are not configured to be the same as on the Uno. Pingback: Arduino shields and stepper drivers — Jason Conway. Hi I have a very strange problem on my router cnc shield, i suspect my power supply!

I have put a screwdriver in between my bit and the pcb and get the alarm, the funny thing is if i disconnect the limits i get this alarm, once the bit touches the pcb. Has anyone has this problem, i am using a cheap power supply which has no earth connection the primary. The pcb is placed onto superwood and has no form of electrical connection.

That does sound like a grounding issue. My next release of the CNC shield will have signal filters that might help with this issue. It will be available from next month. To do that you will have to configure the 4th socket jumpers to the bottom setting.

Those pins have Arduino Pin numbers on them that can then be used to write the custom software to run a 4th axis. GRBL does not support 4 at this stage. Hi, bit of a strange problem, my x axis always moves in the same direction, instructions for both directions result in it moving in the same direction.

Have tried different motors and they do the same. Swapped the driver to another axis and it behaves properly. Any ideas? Thanks for your help. We have created a Forum dedicated to this board. For more discussions please do so on the Forum. Pingback: Konfiguracja MotorSteper Shild — rc0. RSS - Posts. Current Assets - Also called Liquid Assets. A company's cash or assets which can be converted into cash usually within one year, including shares, inventory, etc.

Current Liability - In business, a liability or debt Round Bottom Router Bits which must be paid within one year from the time of the initial transaction. Current Ratio - A financial ratio which gives an indication of whether or not a company can pay its short-term debts. Customer - An individual, company, etc.

Customer Loyalty - Describes when a customer prefers to buy a particular brand or type of product, who prefers a particular shop, or who stays with the same company, such as a bank, insurance company, phone company, etc. Customer Relations - The relationship a company has with its customers and the way it deals with them.

The department in a company which is responsible for dealing with its customers, for example complaints, etc. Customs Duty - A tax which must be paid on imported, and sometimes exported, goods, to raise a country's revenue and to protect domestic industries from cheaper foreign competition.

Customs Union - A group of nations which have agreed to promote free trade, for example, not to charge tax on goods which they trade with one another, and to set taxes for nations which are not members of the group. Cutover - Also known as 'Going Live'. The point in time a company or organisation, etc. Cut-Throat - Ruthless and intense competition.

An unprincipled, ruthless person. Cyberspace - Term credited to author William Gibson in which describes the imaginary place where e-mails, web pages, etc. Cybersquatting - The illegal activity of buying and registering a domain name which is a well-known brand or someone's name, with the intent of selling it to its rightful owner in order to make a profit.

The Daily Official List - The daily record setting out the prices of shares that are traded on a stock exchange. Damage Limitation - The process of trying to limit or curtail the amount of damage or loss caused by a particular situation or event. Dark Net - A term for online private websites and networks concealed from and inaccessible to unauthorised users in which materials are shared, normally illegally and anonymously.

Dark Store - A retail store adapted or designed for the main or whole purpose of fulfilling online orders. Orders are then delivered to customers, or subject to the policy if the retailer may be collected. The word 'dark' in this context alludes to the notion of a store not requiring the bright environment and highly visible presence and that we normally associate with traditional retailing. The word also alludes to the fact that much of the activity in dark stores can happen at night.

This terminology and retailing strategy reflects a substantial fundamental shift in society, far beyond the logistics of shopping. Incidentally the word fulfillment may instead be spelled fulfilment, although the former is more common. I'm keen to clarify the precise origin of the 'dark store' term. If you know please contact me. Daughter Company - A company that is controlled partly or completely by a holding or parent company.

Dawn Raid - A sudden planned purchase of a large number of a company's shares at the beginning of a days trading on the stock exchange.

Day Player - In the entertainment industry, actors, etc. Dead Cat Bounce - A derogatory term used on the stock exchange to describe a huge decline in the value of a stock, usually a share, which is immediately followed by a temporary rise in price before continuing to fall.

From: "Even a dead cat will bounce if it falls from a great height". Dear Money - Also known as Tight Money. When money is difficult to borrow, and if a loan is secured then it would be paid back at a very high rate of interest. Debenture - Unsecured certified loan over a long period of time with a fixed rate, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future. Debriefing - A meeting or interview in which a person or group of people report about a task or mission just completed or attempted.

Debt - Money owed to another person or organisation, such as a loan, mortgage, etc. Debt-Equity Swap - An arrangement between a lender and a debtor, usually a company, in which the lender agrees to reduce the debt in exchange for newly issued shares from the borrower.

Debt Exposure - Money that a lender risks losing if the borrower fails to pay it back. Decertification - In employment this refers specifically to action taken by workers to disassociate themselves from a trade union which previously represented them. Aside from this the general meaning refers to withdrawal of certification of one sort or another.

Decision Consequence Analysis - A process for helping decision makers, usually in the pharmaceutical and petroleum exploration industries, decide where resources such as time, money, etc. Decision Tree - A diagram which starts with an initial decision, and possible strategies and actions are represented by branches which lead to the final outcome decided upon. Deed Of Partnership - A legal document which sets out how a partnership is to be run, and also the rights of the partners.

A Deed Of Partnership is not compulsory but it helps to avoid any misunderstandings or disputes in the future. Deep Throat - In business, an anonymous source of top secret information.

First used in this sense in the reporting of the US Watergate scandal. Deep Web - Also known as the Invisible Web, said to contain about times more information than the generally accessible world-wide web, the Deep Web comprises data held by secure organizations, for example military and government. Defence Document - A document that a company's shareholders receive which explains why an offer to buy the company should be rejected.

Deficit Financing - When a government borrows money because of a shortage of funds from taxes. This usually results in pushing up interest rates.

Deflation is broadly the opposite of inflation. Delegation - An assignment of responsibility or task, usually by a manager to a subordinate. See delegation. Separately a delegation refers to a deputation, being a group of people appointed or responsible for representing a nation or corporation or other organization to attend talsk or negotiations, etc. Deleveraging - An attempt by a company to reduce its debts, for example by selling off assets, laying off staff, etc.

Demerit Goods - Products or services such as as alcohol, gambling, drugs, prostitution, etc. See Sin Tax. Democracy - Majority rule, by which the biggest proportion of members of a group determine decisions for the whole group. Democracy typically refers to a country's political system, in which government is elected through majority vote.

Demographic Profile - Used in marketing to describe a particular segment of the population, for example social class, age, gender, income, etc. Demographic Segmentation - The process of identifying and dividing consumers into groups according to their race, age, gender, religion, etc. Demonetize - To officially decide that a particular coin or banknote can no longer be used as currency.

Deposition - A sworn statement of evidence by a witness taken outside of the court proceedings before a trial. Depression - A prolonged and very deep economic recession , in a country or wider region.

Definitions of an economic depression vary greatly, from two to ten years or more, characterized by extremely deep levels of negative indicators such as unemployment, credit and money supply, living standards, and reduced GDP, etc. Historians and economic commentators commonly disagree about the duration of depressions due to the confused methods of defining precisely what a depression is.

Deregulate - The reduction or removal of government regulations from an industry or business. Derived Demand - Demand for a service or goods which is created by the demand for another service or goods, such as the demand for steel to make cars. Desk Jockey - An informal term for someone who spends their working day sitting behind a desk, and who is concerned about administration.

Desktop Publishing - Producing printed documents, magazines, books, etc. Didactic - Describes works of literature or art which are intended to be be informative or instructional, especially morally, rather than entertaining. From the ancient Greek word didaskein, which means to teach. Digerati - People who consider themselves to be experts of the Internet and computer industry. Digital Wallet - Computer software used to store a persons bank account details, name, address, etc.

Direct Marketing - The marketing of products, services, etc. Director - A person appointed to oversee and run a company or organisation along with other directors, In the entertainment industry, the person who directs the making of a film, TV program, etc.

Directives - At an official level, directives are instructions, guidelines or orders issued by a governing or regulatory body. They may amount to law. In a less formal way a directive equates to an instruction issued by an executive or manager or organizational department.

Direct Overhead - A portion of the overheads, e. Dirty Money - Money made from illegal activities which needs 'laundering' so that it appears to be legitimate.

Disability Discrimination Act - An Act of Parliament passed in Britain in which promotes the civil rights of disabled people and protects them from discrimination in employment, education, renting property, access to transport, etc. Disburse - To pay out money from a large fund, e.

Discount Loan - A loan on which the finance charges and interest is paid before the borrower receives the money. Discretionary Income - The amount of income a person is left with after taxes and living essentials, such as food, housing, etc. Discretionary Order - Permits a broker to buy or sell shares on behalf of an investor in order to get the best price. Discriminating Duty - A variable tax levied on goods depending from which country they were imported.

Dispatch Note - Also called Dispatch Advice. A document giving details of goods which have been dispatched or are ready to be dispatched to a customer. Distributable Profit - A company's profits which are available for distribution among shareholders at the end of an accounting period.

Distributer - An individual or company who buys products, usually from manufacturers, and resells them to retail outlets or direct to customers. A wholesaler. In other words this is the supply of branded products through unautorized stockists or retailers or other suppliers, notably via the web.

Diversion does not refer to pirated or counterfeit or 'fake' goods. Diversion refers to official goods being sold through unofficial channels.

Also called a 'grey market'. The term diversification is not generally used in referring to the development of new greographical markets. Diversification may make use of an existing brandname Virgin is a good example of this , or new brandnames, and may entail various business structures, including acquistion.

Much simpler examples of diversification are: a butcher's shop which starts a hog-roast service; a bakers shop which opens a cafe; a builder who starts a property development business. Diversification strategies, especially of large scale, typically involve considerable risk and investment because by implication the organization is seeking to become successful in a new unfamiliar field.

The use of the term diversity assumes that an equal non-discriminatory approach to employment produces positive effects, for staff, working environment, society, etc.

The term derives originally from a more literal meaning of taking power of rights from someone or a body - from the original French desvestir, meaining literally removal of a person's vest or garment. Dividend - A portion of profits paid by a company to its shareholders.

For larger corporations, especially big public corporations providing essential services such as utilities, transport, communications, etc. Within modern free market economics, shareholder dividends are a major and neglected aspect of the psychological contract.

Docking Station - A device to which a notebook computer or a laptop can be connected so it can serve as a desktop computer. Document Sharing - Used in video-conferencing. A system which allows people in different places to view and edit the same document at the same time on their computers.

Dog - An informal slang term for an investment which has shown a poor performance. The slang term dog may also refer to other poor-performing elements within a business, for example a product or service within a company range, as in the widely used 'Boston Matrix'. The practice of investing a fixed amount of money at fixed times in particular shares, whatever their price. A higher share price means less shares are purchased and a lower share price means more shares can be purchased.

Dolly - In the entertainment industry, a piece of equipment on wheels which allows the camera to move smoothly for long walking shots. Double - In the film and TV industry, a person who stands in, or is substituted, for a principal actor.

Double-Blind - A method of testing a new product, usually medicine, in which neither the people trying the product nor those administering the treatment know who is testing the real product and who has been given a placebo containing none of the product.

Double-dip Recession - A recession during which there is a brief period of economic growth, followed by a slide back into recession, before final recovery.

Also called a W-shaped recession. See recession shapes. Double-dipping - The practice, usually regarded as unethical, of receiving two incomes or benefits from the same source, for example receiving a pension and consultancy income from the same employer. Double-Entry Bookkeeping - An accounting method which results in balanced ledgers, i. Double Indemnity - A clause in a life insurance policy where the insurance company agrees to pay double the face value of the policy in the event of accidental death.

Doula - A birthing or labour coach, from the greek word doule, meaning female slave. Drayage - The fee charged for, or the process of, transporting goods by lorry or truck. Drip Advertising - An advertising campaign in small amounts over a long period of time to ensure that the public is continually aware of a product or service. Drum-Buffer-Rope - A method, usually in manufacturing, which ensures an efficient flow of work in a production process by taking into consideration any possible delays or problems which may occur.

Duopoly - Two companies, or a situation, in which both companies control a particular industry. Dutch Auction - A type of auction which opens with a high asking price which is then lowered until someone accepts the auctioneers price, or until the sellers reserve price has been reached. The opposite or inverse of a dysphemism is euphemism. Both are widely used in press and public relations communications. Extreme examples are unethical at best, and criminally dishonest at worst.

Dystopia - The opposite of Utopia, a society in which conditions are characterised by human misery, depirvation, squalor, disease, etc.

Earnest Money - Money paid in good faith as a deposit, usually for a property, to show that the buyer is serious about doing business with the vendor. Earn-Out - An arrangement in which an extra future conditional payment is made to the seller of a business in addition to the original price, based upon certain criteria being met.

Easterlin Paradox - A theory that beyond satisfaction of basic needs, increasing wealth of a country does not produce increasing happiness, suggested by US professor of economics Richard Easterlin based on his research published in Easy Monetary Policy - A policy which enables the public to borrow money easily, at low interest rates, in order to expand the economy by investing the money in business activities. E-Business - Electronic Business.

Using the internet to conduct business or enable businesses to link together. E-Commerce - Electronic Commerce. The buying and selling of products and services over the Internet.

Economic Growth - An increase in a region's or nation's production of goods and services. Economic Life - The period of time during which an asset, e. Economic Union - Also known as a Common Market. An agreement between a group of countries which allows the free flow of goods, services, labour, etc. Economies Of Scale - In manufacturing, the more units being made the cheaper each unit costs to produce.

Economy - The management of money, currency and trade of a nation. The efficient management of resources. Ecotourism - Nature based travel to unspoilt places in the world with a view to conservation and to bring economic benefit to the local people.

Also known as Ecological Tourism. E-Currency - Electronic currency. Used on the Internet for making and receiving payments. Companies which provide this service include Paypal and E-Gold. Edutainment - Products or media which both educate and entertain at the same time, such as TV, books, computer software. Egalitarian - Believing that everyone is equal and should all have the same rights and opportunities in life.

E-Lance - Freelance working using the Internet to sell services or goods anywhere in the world. Elasticity Of Demand - The measure of whether people require more or less of a product or service after a price change. Electronic Cottage - A home which has the necessary electronic equipment, such as telephone, computer, etc. Electronic Data Exchange - A means of exchanging documents between businesses using electronic equipment such as computers.

Electronic Purse - A type of microchipped smartcard which stores small amounts of money to enable payment for purchases, especially on the Internet, instead of having to use cash. Embezzlement - Dishonestly appropriate goods or money from one's employer for personal gain; steal from one's employer, typically by electronic administrative methods, thus abusing a position of trust or responsibility.

Emolument - Total wages, benefits or compensation paid to someone for the job they do or the office they hold. Emoticon - Used in e-mails, internet chat rooms and text messages, symbols which represent facial expressions, e. Emotional Capital - Emotional experiences, values and beliefs of a company's employees that make good working relationships and a successful business.

Low emotional capital can result in conflict between employees, low morale and poor customer relations. Emotional Intelligence - The ability or skill of a person to understand and control their emotions, and to understand and assess and respond appropriately to the feelings and situations of others. Commonly abbreviated to EQ Emotional Quotient, alluding to the concept of IQ - Intelligence Quotient , Emotional Intelligence theory seeks to enable a sophisticated practical appreciation and application of the concept of intelligence, especially in work, management, leadership and human relationships.

Empirical - Information derived from experience, observation or experiment rather than from theory or subjective opinion.

From Greek - empeiros, meaning skilled - in turn from peira, meaning trial or experiment. Employee - An individual who is hired and paid by another person, company, organisation, etc. Employee Buyout - A transaction in which employees purchase all or most of a company's shares, thereby gaining control of the company.

Employee Ownership - A business model and constitutional framework in which staff hold significant or majority shares of a company, thereby ensuring higher levels of loyalty and commitment, and fairness in the way that business performance relates to employee reward.

The John Lewis Partnership is one of the prime and most successful examples of the concept. Employee Self Service - An Internet based system which enables an employee to access their personal records and payroll details, so they can change their own bank account details, contact details, etc.

Employee Stock Option - Allows specified employees the right to purchase shares in the company at a fixed price. Employer - A person, business, organisation, etc. Employment Equity - Promotes equal employment opportunities for everyone, regardless of gender, race, ability, etc. Employment Law - Also known as Labour Law.

The branch of the law that deals with the legal rights of employees, e. Encrypt - Convert data into code which cannot be easily understood by people who have no authorisation to view it. End Marker - Used at the end of a take in a film, TV program or audition to cover a mistake or to remind people who the person auditioning was during auditions.

Enterprise - A company or business. Enterprise Application Integration - Software technology that links computer programs, data bases, etc. Entrepreneur - An ambitious person who starts new business ventures in order to make a lot of money, often taking financial risks. Environmental Impact Assessment - The effect that a proposed project, such as a new building or development, will have on the environment. Environmentalist - An individual who is concerned about the protection, conservation and improvement of the natural environment.

Many eponymous names have become very well-known and entered language to the extent that the origins of the word are not widely appreciated, or largely forgotten altogether. Many have become genericized tradenames. There are thousands of famous eponyms eponymous names in business and life in general. Here are a few varied examples, starting with some very big examples of words which have acquired genericized descriptive meanings far beyond their original eponyms:.

E-Procurement - Electronic procurement. Businesses using the internet to purchase from, or sell goods and services to, other businesses. Equal Pay Act - In Britain, a government Act of which gives women the right to earn the same money and to receive the same benefits as men for performing the same job.

Equilibrium Price - The price at which the demand of a particular product or service is equal to the quantity supplied. Equity Accounting - When a company records, in its financial records, profits which can be claimed from an affiliated company which they part own. Escape Clause - A condition in a contract which allows the contract to be broken in particular circumstances. Advertising and other communications intended for the general public should not be esoteric, although much of this sort of language is highly esoteric, for example instruction manuals for technical products, and most corporate terms and conditions - usually because these materials are written by specialists who are unable to translate complex terminology into everyday recognizable language.

Professional communicators such as advertisers, trainers, leaders, writers of manuals and instructions, etc. This relates strongly to the concept of accessibility. The words are respectively from Greek esotero, within, and exotero, outer. The less commonly used noun forms of the words are esoterica and exoterica, i. Ethics - Offering a definition for 'ethics' is not easy, just as it is not easy to define 'love' or 'justice' or fairness'.

Ethics is a challenging concept to define because interpretations depend on philosophical perspective, and one's particular situation in the world.

Therefore definitions of ethics tend to be rather vague and open, and tend to include and depend on words which have varying interpretations too, such as morality, and justice, duty, etc. The Oxford English Dictionary defines ethics as: ".. Ethics - 1. Moral principles that govern a person's behaviour US behavior , or the conducting of an activity. And 2. The branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles Secondly, b This concept of ethics, advanced notably by Kant, puts duty central to ethical behaviour, so that people from their knowledge of their duty as being rational human beings, obey a categorical imperative to respect other rational human beings.

Thirdly, c 'Utilitarianism' asserts that the guiding principle of Ethical conduct should be the greatest happiness or benefit of the greatest number of people which is often referred to as 'the greater good' Each one of the above definitions contains at least one subjective reference point by which to determine whether something is ethical or not. Moreover, most major industries and societal organizations, have established their own ethical codes, which to varying degrees around the world - for example religion, medicine, corporate governance and banking, education, international finance, armaments, climate change, resources and food, national and local government, charity and the arts - commonly conflict with and contradict each other, often to an alarmingly different and confusing extent.

Mostly in our lives, fortunately, ethics are common sense, because mostly people understand what is right and wrong. Right and wrong is basically at the heart of ethics, but of course when people are in conflict, one person's right may be another person's wrong, and 'right' and 'wrong' are themselves just as difficult to define scientifically.

Big ethical questions of the modern age - that illustrate this challenge include subjects such: as euthanasia, abortion, globalization, climate-change, technology, human rights, and the basis for wars and armed interventions. In my humble opinion again , being very pragmatic about the future of the human race, then it is difficult to argue against the notion that the 'greater good' is ultimately the most significant and useful modern definition of ethics, subject to again in my humble opinion that 'greater good' decision-making critically includes necessary addititional considerations such as love, care, humanity, compassion, creativity, inclusiveness, transparency, research and testing, and any other relevant positive helpful aspects of relationships and communications, and implementation and follow-up.

I'm open to better or extended definitions of ethics, and I thank Patrick for suggesting that this definition be included on this website. Ethics Committee - In medicine, an independent body which is appointed to examine and consider the rights and safety of people taking part in clinical trials. Ethnic Monitoring - Recording and evaluating the racial origins of employees in a company to ensure that all races are represented fairly.

Euphemisms are used widely and very wrongly by politicians and business people attempting to avoid responsibility and personal acknowledgment of mistakes, bad decisions and unjustifiable actions, etc. Euphemisms in such situations are part of 'spin', or spinning a story.

Euroland - Also known as the Eurozone. European Union - EU. Previously called the European Community. An international, economical and political organisation which brought the nations of Europe together so that people, goods, money, services, etc. The rate, which can vary from day to day, at which a country's currency can be exchanged for another country's currency.

Exchange Rate Exposure - When a business risks losing money because of the need to change one currency for another of lower value. Execution Risk - The risk that a company's plans, or a project, will fail because of changes being made, e.

Executive Director - Also called Internal Director. A person who usually works as a full-time senior employee for a company, and is responsible for the day to day running of the business, and is often a member of the company's board of directors. Ex Gratia - Something given or carried out as a favour or gift, rather than as a legal duty. Exit Strategy - Also called Harvest Strategy. A plan by an investor to dispose of an investment, such as shares in a company, to make a profit, or a business owner to dispose of their company, e.

Ex Officio - Someone who has a right to be included because of their job or position, e. Latin - by virtue of office or position. Experience Curve - In business, when costs fall and production increases as a result of increase in workers skills and lower material costs. Expectancy Theory - A theory of motivation developed by Canadian Victor Vroom, Yale professor of management and psychology, established in his book, Work and Motivation, which essentially states that motivation necessarily comprises and is determined by three elements of belief:.

Expert System - A computer software system which can provide expert knowledge for a specific problem when users ask a series of questions. Export Credit - A loan taken out by an importer with a bank in an exporters country, so that the importer can buy foreign goods and pay for them at a later date. Export Factoring - A facility offered by banks to exporters. The bank is responsible for collecting payments for exported goods, so that the exporter can borrow money from the bank before the goods have been paid for by the customers.

Ex Stock - Goods which are available for immediate delivery because the supplier has them in stock. Extension Strategy - A marketing strategy to stop a product going into decline by making small changes to it, reaching new customers or finding new uses for it, e.

External Competitiveness - Being able to sell goods and services to customers in foreign countries at a competitive price. External Debt - Also known as Foreign Debt.

Money that is owed by the government, organisations or individuals to creditors in other countries. External Equity - A situation in which an organisation's employees receive similar pay for the same type of work as employees in other organisations, i.

Extranet - A private computer network to which a company's customers and suppliers can link and communicate using the Internet. Extrapolation - The estimation or determination of what will happen in the future by extending extrapolating known information or data.

The verb usage 'extrapolate' is common and means using mathematics or other logical process to extend a proven trend or set of data. It's a way of predicting something by assuming a historical pattern will continue into the future.

Ex Works - Goods which are delivered to the purchaser at the plant or place where they are manufactured. The purchaser then pays for transporting and insuring the goods from that point. Eyeballs - Advertising term. A name given to the number Round Nose Router Bits 40 of people who visit a website advertisement, which can be counted by the number of click-throughs. E-Zine - An electronic magazine which is published on the internet, or delivered by e-mail.

Factory Floor - The area of a factory where the goods are made. Also the collective name of the ordinary workers in a factory, rather than management. Factory Price - The price charged for goods direct from the factory, not including transport costs, etc. Factory Price is often quoted by retailers or in advertisements to show that products are for sale at a very low price. Fairy Dust - A term often used in the entertainment business.

The final enhancement or touch on a project. The unknown factor which turns something great into something fantastic. Fallen Angel - Term used in finance to describe bonds which once had a good investment value, but have now dropped in value to a much lower rating.

False Accounting - A criminal offence. Giving false information in, or destroying, a company's accounts, usually for personal gain. False Bottom - On the stock market, selling prices which seem to have already hit their lowest level because of a subsequent price rise then fall through a false bottom because the price falls even lower. Fast Moving Consumer Goods FMCG - Products and the related industry which are sold in big volumes by big retailers at low profit margins, at keen prices, to domestic consumers - traditionally foods and groceries, household consumables, etc.

See FMCG in the acronyms section. Fast Track - Quick route in a career to success and promotion, associated with high ambition. Fat Cat - A wealthy person living off investments or dividends, or a chief executive of a large company or organisation who is on a very large salary, huge pension, etc. Fault Tolerance - Enables a system, especially in computing, to continue to operate properly even though a component in the system has failed.

Feasibility Study - A preliminary assessment of a new project, including costs, risks, etc. Feather-Bedding - A term often used in industry describing the practice of hiring more workers than is necessary to carry out a job, often because of a contract with a union.

Federation - An organisation which has been formed by the joining together of a group of companies, clubs, etc. Add 3 items from the selection on the page to your Shopping Basket via the "Add to Basket".

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