Lathe Machine (PDF): Definition, Parts, Types, Operations & Specifications

Lathe Machine is a Production Machine tool. The Lathe was invented by Jacques de Vaucanson around 1. The Lathe Machine is an ancient tool. At the very early stage this machine was developed around BC at that time there was not developed so many parts expect headstock and Tailstock.

But during the industrial revolution Metalworking lathe evolved into heavier machines with thicker, more rigid parts. Then inthe servomechanism is applied to control lathe and other machine tools by numeric, Direct numerical control machine. The Lathe is the most versatile machine tool among all standard of the machine tool. Nowadays the manually controlled machine exists like a CNC machine and even do with the help of feed mechanism the lathe machine operates manually.

A lathe machine is a machine tool that is used to remove metals from a workpiece to give a desired shape and size. Lathe Machines are used in metalworking, woodturning, metal spinning, thermal spraying, glass working, and parts reclamation.

The various other operations that you can perform with the help of Lathe Machine can include sanding, cutting, knurling, drilling, and deformation of tools that are employed in creating objects which have symmetry about the axis of rotation. There are several components of a lathelater on, I discuss the most important Parts of Lathe with their function.

It is also known as the father of all standard machine tools. The function of Lathe is to remove the metal in the form of chips from a piece of work by mounting the same rigidly on a machine spindle and revolving at the required speed and the cutting tool is fed against the work either longitudinally or crosswise to make the work to the required shape and size.

So what are the Parts of a Lathe machine? A lathe machine tool consists of several parts like:. Head Stock is situated at the left side of the lathe bed and it is the house of the driving mechanism and electrical mechanism of a Lathe machine tool. A separate speed change gearbox is placed below headstock to reduce the speed in order to have different feed rates for lathe machine tools list guide and automatic lateral movement of the carriage.

The feed rod is used for most turning operation and the lead screw is used for thread cutting operation. It is the base of the lathe machine. It is made of single piece casting of Semi-steel Chilled Cast Iron. The carriage is used for support, guide and feed the tool against the job when the machining is done.

It is assembled on the top of the saddle. The top surface of the cross-slide is provided with T-slot. It supports the tool post and cutting tool in its various positions.

It can be swiveled at any desired position in the horizontal plane. It is necessary for turning angles and boring short tapers. It is the topmost portion of the carriage and it is used to hold various cutting tools Lathe Tools Uses Guide or tool holders.

An apron is a house of the feed mechanism. It is fastened to the saddle and hangover in front of the bed. A lead screw is also known as a power screw or a translation screw.

It converts rotational motion to linear motion. Lead Screw is used for Thread Cutting operation in a lathe machine tool.

Feed rod is used to move the carriage from the left side to the right side lathe machine tools list guide also from the right side to the left lathe machine tools list guide. Legs are carrying an entire load of a lathe machine tool and transfer to the ground. The legs are firmly secured to the floor by the foundation bolt. Lathe machine tool which is used for removing the lathe machine tools list guide material from the workpiece to give required shape and size to the workpiece.

So how many types of Lathe Machine are there? Lathe machine has been categorized into the following types :. We are going to study each and every important point of these 8 different types of lathe machines.

Center or Engine Lathe Machine is the most widely used lathe machine and still, it Lathe Tools Machine Mart Game is, in every workshop, this machine is present. The operation like Turning, facing, grooving, Knurling, threading and more, such operations are performed on this type of machine. Engine lathe machine has all the parts such as bed, Saddle, headstock, and tailstock, etc. The headstock of an lathe machine tools list guide lathe is rigid and tailstock is moveable which is further used to support an operation like knurling.

It can easily feed the cutting tool in both directions i. Center Lathe machines are driven by the gear mechanism or pulley mechanism. It has three types of driven mechanisms, and those are Belt-driven, Motor-driven, Gearhead type.

Speed lathe is also called as Wood Lathe. The headstock spindle is rotating at a very high speed. The feed we provide is manually lathe machine tools list guide. The capstan and turret lathe machine used for Mass production large Quantity and it is a modified version of the engine lathe machine. This machine is used where their sequence of operation is performed on the workpiece, there is no alternative operation performed on this machine.

These machines provided by hexagonal turret head instead of the tailstock in which multiple operations Turning, facing, boring, reaming performed in a sequence without changing its tool manually, after each operation the turret rotated.

The main advantage of using capstan and turret lathe is even less skilled operators can do a job. The parts are almost the same similar to engine lathe machine but the parts are built very accurately and should be arranged in proper sequence because this lathe is used for highly precious work with very fewer tolerances. It is mainly used in grindings, working on lathe machine tools list guide tool, dies gauges and in machining work where accuracy is needed.

This type of lathe machine is small in size and use for very small precision work. It has all the similar parts of engine lathe and speed lathe. Standard lathes have some drawbacks i. But automatic lathes are used for mass production.

Some mechanisms are responsible for lathe machine tools list guide automation in it. Having this machine the main advantage is that a single lathe machine tools list guide can handle machines more than 4 to 5 machines at a time.

Some examples of special lathes include Vertical lathes, Wheel lathes, T-lathe, Multi Spindle lathes, Production lathes, Duplicate or tracer lathesetc. Wheel lathe is used for machining of journals and rail rods. It is also used for turning the threads on locomotive lathe machine tools list guide. The axis of the lathe bed is at right angles Vintage Craftsman Lathe Tools 10 to the axis of the headstock spindle in the form of a T.

This is widely used as a lathe in the present time because of its fast and accurate working. It is one of the most advanced types. It uses computer programs to control the machine tool. Once the program is fed into the computer as per the program it starts operation with very high speed and accuracy. Even do preplanned programmed machine is there in which once code is set for the various operations it can starts operation without changing code in the next time.

These types of lathes are also used for mass production like capstan and turret but there is no programmed fed system. Before continuing any operation in lathe we have to load the job and center it on the head-stock spindle. In lathe operationsthe headstock spindle holds the job and it rotates with the same speed as the spindle.

The carriage holding the tool on the tool post, also the carriage gives the tool post moves longitudinally or crosswise direction to give the desired feed on the job. These two motions longitudinally and crosswise helps to remove the chips of the metal and giving the proper shape of the job.

It is tough to mentioned which operations are not performed in a lathe machine tool, though we discuss some important lathe operations in detail. We use this operation for producing a conical hole in the face of the job to make the bearing support of the lathe center when the job is to hold between two centers.

Head-stock and Tail-stock. Facing operation is for making the ends of the job to produce a smooth flat surface with the axis of operation or a certain length of a job. The operation by which we remove the excess material from the workpiece to produce a cone-shaped or a cylindrical surface.

This operation is lathe machine tools list guide to produce a cylindrical surface by removing excess material from the workpiece. A shoulder turning is called lathe machine tools list guide has a different diameter to form a step from one diameter to another.

It is a process of removal of excess material from the workpiece in minimum time by applying a high rate of feed and heavy depth of cut. The finish turning operation needs high cutting speed, minimum feed and a very small depth of cut to generate the smooth surface.

In finish turning the depth of cut is around 0. A taper is defined as a uniform decrease or increase in the diameter of a workpiece along with its length. The operation by which a conical surface of the gradual reduction in diameter from a cylindrical workpiece is produced is called taper turning. Any increase in the length lathe machine tools list guide taper will require the use of a wider cutting edge which may destroy the workpiece due to the vibration and spoil the workpiece.

Job is held between the centers. The length of the workpiece will be long enough. An only a small taper on a long job is done by this process. Chamfering is used for beveling the end of a job to remove burrs, to look better, to make a passage of the nut into the bolt. Knurling tool is held rigidly on the tool post and pressed against the rotating job so that leaving the exact facsimile of the tool on the surface of the job.

It is the operation that is used to produce a helical groove on a cylindrical or conical surface by feeding the tool longitudinally when the job revolved between the two centers. The tool should be set exactly to the height of the lathe machine tools list guide of the job and at 90 degrees to the job.

In this operation, the job is rotated at the turning speed on the lathe axis and the drilling tool fitted on the tail-stock spindle. And the tail-stock is moved towards lathe machine tools list guide job by hand feed. In this operation, we can enlarge the diameter of the Lathe Tool Grinding Machine Tools existing hole on a job by turning inside with some farm tool known as a boring tool.

This class is intended for lathe operators and students in a turning operator training program who understand how to set up and run a turning machine. Students should be able to identify common types of turning tools, tool holders, and tool materials. Students should also be able to read and understand blueprints and perform basic shop math File Size: 2MB. Lathe Basic Information Lathe Machine Projects For Mechanical Engineering college Students 7 Centre Lathe Machine Attachment that enhance Lathe Applications 10 Types Of Milling Machine accessories and Attachments Thread Cutting on Lathe – Lathe Machine Operations Major Shaping Machine parts and its Functions.

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