Start on. Disadvantages i The process reduces the elasticity carpentry shop practical file length the durability of the timber. The front edge is hardened so as to resist wear and tear. The tenon, formed on the end of a member generally referred to as a rail, is inserted into a square or rectangular hole cut into the corresponding member. A good timber should have a uniform colour, smell sweet, be sonorous when struck, have straight and closed fibers, be heavy in weight, and be free from flaws etc. In the steel industry, battens may also be carpentry shop practical file length to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal. Due to quick seasoning so chances to check regularly seasoning defects such as wrapping, internal cracks, surface cracks etc.

Hammers 4. Tongs 5. Chisels 6. Punches and Drifts 7. Flatters 8. Swage Block 9. Set Hammer Bench Vice. Foundry technology involves molding, melting, and casting of parts; that is, producing castings by filling…. Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design and application of equipment,…. Carpentry is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of…. Easy Polishing If the timber is used without seasoning it is liable to shrink , wrap and crack.

Methods of Seasoning 1. Natural Seasoning a Air Seasoning:In this method of seasoning the sawn timber is stacked in a dry place about 30 cm above floor level with longitudinal and crosspieces arranged one upon another, leaving a space of a few Centimeters for free circulation of air.

Advantages i ii iii It does not necessitate much attention It is simple and cheap method. Less chances of damage to the timber.

Disadvantages i Very slow extends over years. By this process, the sap, sugar and gum etc are leached out of the wood and replaced by water. The logs are then taken out and left to dry in an open places. Advantages It is quick process, tendency of wood to shrink or Carpentry Shop Practical File Online wrap is reduced less liable to be eaten away by worm or to decay by dry rot.

Disadvantages i The process reduces the elasticity and the durability of the timber. Artificial Seasoning a Kiln Seasoning:- The timber is seasoned under controlled temperature and humidity conditions with proper circulation and ventilation system. The rise in temperature should be such that the timber retains the original strength and elastic properties.

The required humidity level is maintained to avoid wrapping and cracking. The drying of timber at uniform rate is well maintained by circulating hot air by fans and a certain amount of steam is added in order to retain correct humidity. The ventilation is provided to avoid over heating and excessive humidity.

The timber inside the chamber , on trolley is kept under controlled conditions for about fortnight or depending upon the initial water content and required moisture level. The quality of wood is inferior as compared to the one seasoned by natural seasoned methods. Kiln Method The drying is controlled, so no chances for the attack of fungi and insects.

The drying of different surfaces is even and uniform. It is costly. More skilled labor required. Due to quick seasoning so chances to check regularly seasoning defects such as wrapping, internal cracks, surface cracks etc.

It is also known as salt seasoning. In the method, the timber is immersed in a solution of soluble salt. It is then taken out and seasoned in ordinary way. The interior surface of timber dries in advance of exterior one and chances of formation of external cracks are reduced.

C Electrical Seasoning:This method of seasoning works on the principle that heat is produced when poor conductor are placed in the field of high frequency. The wooden planks are made to pass through an induction coil producing high frequency. Due to an induction effect moisture contents in the wood is dried quickly.

This method of drying is employed in plywood manufacturing process. This method is not popular because of prohibitive cost, lack of control moisture content, sudden drying damage wooden fibers.

Electrical Seasoning Seasoning Videos A rtificial seasoning of timber Timber Tress of India 1. The central layer is called core, the outer layer is face plys and intermediate layers as cross bands. It can be made in very large sizes. Easily worked and bend into shapes of different designs.

Top veeners can be given fine decorative effects to give attractive appearance. The strips may be up to about 28mm wide and are placed edge to edge and sandwiched between veneers of softwood, hardwood or thin MDF or particleboard, glued under high pressure. The internal strips are generally made of light weight poplar wood. Blockboard is used to make doors, tables, shelves, paneling and partition walls. It is normally used for interior usages, due to the type of glues used.

To achieve maximum strength, it is important to ensure that the core runs lengthways. Blockboard also called lumber core has very good screw holding and can be considered as solid wood; it has a good resistance to warping. Types of fiberboard in order of increasing density include particle board, medium-density fiberboard, and hardboard. Fiberboard is sometimes used as a synonym for particle board, but particle board usually refers to lowdensity fiberboard. Plywood is not a type of fiberboard, as it is made of thin sheets of wood, not wood fibers or particles.

Fiberboard, particularly medium-density fiberboard MDF , is heavily used in the furniture industry. For pieces that will be visible, a veneer of wood is often glued onto fiberboard to give it the appearance of conventional wood.

These pieces are usually covered with a skin, foil, or fabric such as cloth, suede, leather, or polyvinyl chloride. Fiber Board Battens are used in building construction and various other fields as both structural and purely cosmetic elements. In the steel industry, battens may also be referred to as "top hats", in reference to the profile of the metal. They are also used on tall ships to form the ladders up the shrouds in a fashion similar to ratlines.

They are also used to help secure tarpaulinsover hatches, thus giving rise to the common phrase "batten down the hatches!

Used by analogy in non-sailing contexts, it means to prepare to weather a coming storm, whether that storm is metaphorical or real. Wood Working Hand Tools Classification of tools according to their use is given below Measuring and Marking Tools 2. Holding and Supporting Tools 3. Cutting Tools 4. Planning Tools 5. Boring and Drilling Tools 6. Striking Tools 7. Miscellaneous Tools It consists of a steel Blade fitting into a wooden or metallic stock at right angle to it.

The front edge is hardened so as to resist wear and tear. It is made up of carbon steel. It is used for measuring and marking the points and lines on wooden stock before processing. Marking Gauge: It is used to draw parallel lines. The movable portion of the gauge is adjustable to suitable position and is tightened on the stem.

The piece which slides is called stock and scribing pin is fixed on the stem. Mortise Gauge: It is used to draw two parallel lines. Its working is similar to marking gauge except it has two sharp edges. One fixed and second adjustable or fixed Bar or T- Clamp and C-Clamp 4. Hand Screw 1. Four carpenter vice are fitted on opposite sides of bench to hold the jobs during operation. Its one jaw is fixed to the side of the table while the other is kept movable means of screw and handle.

Clamps and screws: These are used by carpenters for holding and supporting wood pieces in position for carrying out different operations. Chisels 3. Axe 1. Saws:-Sawing means cutting woods along the grains. The main parts of a saw are blade and handle. The size of a saw is the length of the blade in mm. The teeth are bent slightly by its pitch and the angle. Common type of Saws Rip saw 2. Cross-cut saw 3. Panel saw 4. Tenon saw or back saw 5. Dovetail saw 6. Compass or turning saw 7.

Keyhole saw Dovetail saw 2. Compass or turning saw 3. Chisels:- In the wood work a large number of chisels are used for cutting the wood in different manners to produce desired shapes and verities.

Axes:- is a cutting tool made of carbon steel. The cutting edge is formed by beveling both sides of the axe. It is employed for splitting wood along the grains for rough work. Planning Tools:- The planning tools are used for shaving or smoothing plane surfaces.

A plane may be described as a chisel fastened to a metallic or wooden block called body. The Chisel fastened to the body at an angle of 25 to 35 degree respectively. Another Blade called Cap Iron is used for stiffening the cutting blade, prevents chattering and helps in cutting and curling of shavings.

The Cap iron should be 1. Wooden Jack Plane 2. Iron Jack Plane 3. Smoothing Plane 1. Boring and Drilling Tools:- for producing holes in wood. Gimlet Auger Bradwal Brace and Hand Drill Striking Tools Mallet 2. Claw Hammer 3. Peen Hammer 1. Mallet Claw Hammer Peen Hammer Miscellaneous Tools 1.

Screw Driver 2. Pincer 3. Rasp file Wood Working Processes 1. Mitre Joint 3. Mortise and Tenon Joint 4. Briddle Joint 5.

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