Bench Dog® Hand Planes. by Chris Marshall • Sep 4, Print. Print. Among the many quality alternatives for hand planes these days, Bench Dog Tools has recently entered the market with nine new options. You can choose from two sizes of smoothing planes, three jack planes, a jointer plane, block plane and two shoulder planes. Common to the line, the plane bodies are made of ductile cast iron for superior strength and impact resistance, and the soles are precision-ground flat right out of the box. Bench Plane No. 5 - Iron Jack Plane - Fully Adjustable Wood Hand Planer, Inches Long with 2-Inch Cutter, Includes 2 blades. out of 5 stars $  All Product Information Customer Q&A's Customer Reviews. Your question might be answered by sellers, manufacturers, or customers who bought this product. Please make sure that you are posting in the form of a question. Please enter a question. Compare with similar items. This item Bench Dog Tools No. 62 Low Angle Jack Plane.  Quality materials, precision machining and solid construction result in a hand plane that's an absolute pleasure to use. The sole is precision ground flat. The blade is made from thick 3/16'' hardened carbon steel for reduced chatter and excellent edge retention. Bench Dog No. /2 Smoothing Plane. July Remove the thinnest of shavings with this premium smooth plane—slightly wider and heavier than the No. 4 for more heft.  Information, photos, and resources about the Stanley No. 1 Smooth Plane, one of the most sought after collectable Stanley hand planes. The rest bench dog hand plane review quizlet the Chindits, meanwhile, were suffering from the intense fighting, jungle heat and humidity, and disease. So what do you choose? On March 24, the mission suffered a major setback when Wingate died in a plane crash. Here, she holds an American flag along with Air Force Lt. Just one minute of loud speech can produce over 1, coronavirus-containing droplets that linger in the air for eight minutes or longer, according to research from the National Institutes of Health. However, 17 leading treatments are being tested.

Here, she holds an American flag along with Air Force Lt. Mike Low after flying in the back seat of his F Fighting Falcon fighter. Air Force photo by Tech Sgt. Darin Overstreet. This article originally appeared on Military. Follow militarydotcom on Twitter.

But do you know just how much went down at San Juan Hill that day? Spain was in Cuba for centuries before the Americans invaded. They had hardened fortifications, strengthened over the years by repeated attacks from pirates, rebels, and conventional foes alike.

Moreover, they were in the middle of putting down a slave uprising, so their troops were battle-hardened veterans. They also had better weapons, better food, and better gear. That was, in essence, the Rough Riders. The Navy had no real way to land horses in Cuba and many drowned. Even when they did have horses, the Americans had to hack their way through the dense jungles to get anywhere they wanted to go.

By the time Roosevelt got to Kettle Hill, he and his men had hacked all the way there. They also had only one black powder cannon and a few gatling guns, not to mention black powder rifles that gave away their position to the Spanish.

They also were issued heavy wool uniforms to fight in Cuba in July. Instead, he and his men charged the hill through the 3rd Cavalry, some of which joined them.

A young Lieutenant John J. Pershing had to take command of D Troop when their captain was killed trying to breach Spanish defenses. He led the Buffalo Soldiers up the crest of the hill. Roosevelt bravely led the charge up San Juan Hill, an act which would earn him the Medal of Honor one day. But, in doing so, he left Kettle Hill lightly defended and subject to a Spanish counterattack.

By the time Roosevelt realized what happened, Spaniards were on their way to exploit his mistake. Luckily, the Americans moved Gatling guns to the crest of Kettle Hill by then and most of those attackers died. The 1st Volunteer Cavalry suffered a percent casualty rate, the highest of any unit in the entire Spanish-American War. Still the heights belonged to the Americans by 3 p.

On July 4th, the Spanish fleet sailed out of the nearby harbor and met the U. Navy, which took down every last Spanish ship. Miguel Ortiz. The bonds that members of the military make with their comrades during their service are unlike any other. Fighter pilots are a breed of service member that understand this bond well. In aerial combat, your wingman is someone you have to trust completely and be willing to do anything for.

On September 15, , Air Force Capt. James Risner was escorting a flight of F Thunderjet fighter-bombers on an attack on Bench Dog Router Plane a chemical plant along the Yalu River. Flying his F Sabre fighter jet, Risner engaged an attacking enemy MiG and chased it at nearly supersonic speed at ground level. He landed several solid hits on the MiG with his. Logan had only five minutes of fuel left; not enough to get him out of enemy territory.

Refusing to abandon his wingman, Risner told Logan to shut his engine down and lined up behind him. Despite fuel and hydraulic fluid obscuring his canopy and turbulence constantly separating the two aircraft, Risner persisted in his endeavor to push his wingman to safety. After almost 60 miles of pushing, the two planes were finally over the ocean and in range of rescue swimmers. Despite being a strong swimmer, Logan became tangled in his parachute shroud lines and tragically drowned off the coast of Cho Do Island.

Over a decade later during the Vietnam War, two Air Force fighter jet crews would find themselves in a similar situation to Risner and Logan. In , Capt. Steve Wayne and his wingman Capt. On March 10, they were a part of a bombing run on a steel mill just north of Hanoi in North Vietnam. Heavy anti-aircraft fire cut through the skies, damaging both Phantom IIs. Without the range needed to make it to the KC refueling tanker over Laos, Aman and Houghton would have to bail out over the unfriendly skies of North Vietnam.

To prevent this, Pardo decided to push the stricken plane. Pardo then had the idea to push the Phantom Woodriver 5 Bench Hand Plane V3 Visa II from its tailhook. Originally designed for the U. Navy and Marine Corps, the F-4 Phantom II was equipped with a tailhook to snag arresting cables and land on aircraft carriers. With the tailhook lowered, it provided about 4 feet of standoff distance between the two planes—just enough to prevent the deadly aerodynamic interference.

Aman then shut down his engines as Pardo pushed to keep his wingman airborne. However, every 15 to 30 seconds, the tailhook would slide off of the windscreen and Pardo would have to line back up and re-establish connection.

Pardo and Wayne were also struggling with a fire in their port-side engine, eventually having to shut it down. After 88 miles of pushing, both aircraft reached Laotian airspace at an altitude of just 6, feet.

Aman and Houghton ejected safely, but Pardo and Wayne had burned so much fuel that they were forced to eject just ahead of them. All but Wayne had to evade enemy forces on the ground before they were located by friendly forces and rescued. Pardo and Wayne were initially reprimanded for losing their aircraft and putting their own lives in danger.

Both Risner and Pardo persisted in their commitment to their comrades in arms. During the Vietnam War, Risner was shot down over North Vietnam and was imprisoned in the infamous Hanoi Hilton for seven years, four months, and 27 days. During this time, he and Navy Commander James Stockdale led the American resistance in the prison and organized the other POWs to present maximum resistance to their captors.

Risner answers questions at a press conference after he is released from captivity. Photo by the United States Air Force. He created the Earl Aman Foundation to raise money and buy his wingman a voice synthesizer, a motorized wheelchair, and a computer. The bonds formed by these airmen in the crucible of aerial combat manifested in their refusal to abandon their wingmen and willingness to risk life and limb to save them.

GI Jobs. As a veteran, while I was active duty I had a hard time deciding where to focus my efforts to make myself competitive for a job after the service. I wanted to prepare for my future both in the military and as a civilian. Then there was the factor of time available and time until I transitioned; neither of which I had a lot of. When I talked to a mentor of mine I was advised to pursue the certifications rather than education. This surprised me, but it was good advice for my situation.

For me the choice Bench Dog Hand Planes Quest to pursue certifications was better than to pursue a master s and has been huge for me since I left active duty. As I have coached individuals through this question over the past two years I start with a simple process. Certain industries value certifications more than formal education. Areas like finance and business value more formal programs like MBA. As I began to look at the qualifications listed on jobs I was interested in two certifications stood out.

Lean six sigma and PMP. Both of these I was able to earn and have funded by the military. The choice is not always easy but hopefully this provides some insights that have not previously been considered and a way to approach this decision. I can tell you that for me my PMP certificate and the training I received was invaluable.

I have used the training in my role as a Project Manager in a heavy rigging company and how as a consultant with a DOD firm. The best thing was that my military unit funded it as well as my lean six sigma certification. This article originally appeared on G. United States Air Force. Trainees entering into basic military training at the 37th Training Wing the first week of October were the first group to be issued the new Operational Camouflage Pattern uniforms.

When Air Force officials announced last year they were adopting the Army OCP as the official utility uniform, they developed a three-year rollout timeline across the force for the entire changeover. Last week put them on target for issue to new recruits entering BMT. Air Force basic military training trainees assigned to the th Training Squadron receive the first Operational Camouflage Pattern uniforms during initial issue, Oct.

Also, officer ranks to the spice brown. Switching from two different types of utility uniforms to just one, multifunctional uniform could also simplify life for the airmen.

This article originally appeared on United States Air Force. Shannon Corbeil. Army soldiers throughout the grueling training required to serve at the 3rd Infantry Regiment. Morse and Schrodetzki have exclusive access provided by the United States Army to capture these never-before documented training cycles. Elliott did. Elliott has a distinguished and longstanding reputation with the military community, due in part to the iconic roles he has played in films like We Were Soldiers and Once an Eagle.

Harold C. More often than not, the countries responsible for passing ships along are leading naval powers, like the United States, France, or the United Kingdom.

Usually, the ships that get handed down are warships, but recently, the U. Navy gave up a replenishment oiler, which ended up going halfway across the world — and then came back. The Henry J. In , after less than a decade of service, she was laid up in reserve for 12 years, part of the post-Cold War drawdown, before the George W.

Bush administration offered her to Chile. Originally, there were plans to build 18 Henry J. Kaiser-class oilers. Of the remaining 16 vessels, 15 still serve in the United States Navy.

Higgins was renamed the Almirante Montt as she was commissioned into the Chilean Navy. They have a top speed of 20 knots, a range of 6, nautical miles, and have a crew of 86 merchant mariners and 23 Navy personnel. And, to make sure they can keep all that oil, it can be equipped with two Mk 15 Phalanx close-in weapon systems and also pack a pair of M2.

Chile maintains a rather prominent navy in South America. For a while, it operated a pair of Brooklyn-class light cruisers alongside a Swedish cruiser. These days, their Navy centers on a mix of former British and Dutch frigates, as well as German-designed submarines. The Almirante Montt has not exclusively stayed south of the equator.

In , Canada got rid of its Protecteur-class replenishment oilers before their replacements could enter service. So, they signed a deal with Chile. Explore The Archive. So wrote year old Nathan Hale before being hanged for espionage by the British on Sept.

Hale had originally been encouraged to join the revolution by an old Yale classmate, Benjamin Tallmadge. Tallmadge and Hale had been close during their time at Yale and often exchanged letters. Our holy Religion, the honor of our God, a glorious country and a happy constitution is what we have to defend. Although the ring was active for all five of these years, its most productive period was between and The ring was highly sophisticated, using methods still familiar today.

Couriers, invisible ink. Some messages were hidden in plain sight, coded within newspaper advertisements and personal messages. Supposedly, one woman, Anna Strong, was even able to use the clothes she hung to dry to send messages to other members of the ring.

Codes and ciphers were standard practice. These methods enabled agents to send Tallmadge apparently innocent letters.

Tallmadge could pick out individual words to decode messages. While Woodhull and Townsend ran the show, many agents, couriers, and sub-agents were also involved. Other members included Hercules Mulligan and his slave Cato. Mulligan warned in January, of British plans to kidnap or kill senior American leaders including Washington himself. Cato delivered the vital message. Its strict security preserved both the ring and the lives of individual members, boosting their confidence in themselves and each other.

They warned of a surprise attack on newly arrived French troops at Newport, Rhode Island. The forces, properly warned, were able to foil British plans to devastate their men while they recovered from their transatlantic voyage. Continental dollars were soon withdrawn from circulation, replaced with coins by Without the Culper Ring, Washington may have fallen for a raiding operation meant to divide his forces. In , General William Tryon raided three main ports of Connecticut, destroying homes, goods in storage, and a number of public buildings.

Washington did not ride out to meet Tryon. The Culper Ring warned Tallmadge of a high-ranking American traitor, but lacked his identity. Although Arnold escaped with his life, West Point remained safe from the British. Instead of taking the bribe, the soldier, now actively suspicious rather than idly curious, searched him and found incriminating papers.

They were, however, extremely valuable to Tallmadge. Arnold fled for his life, going to England, then Canada. After alienating a number of business partners in New Brunswick, Arnold returned to England. Hale had been hanged on Sept. He died bravely, with composure, courage and dignity. Before his death he received a visitor: Colonel Tallmadge. The two spent part of their time together talking. The British evacuated New York in mid-August, On Nov.

While there he met someone to whom he and his new nation owed a personal and national debt: Culper agent Hercules Mulligan. This article originally appeared on Explore The Archive. Six months have passed since China reported the first coronavirus cases to the World Health Organization. But even now, what experts are still trying to understand sometimes seems to outweigh what they can say for certain.

That is little surprise to any infectious-disease researcher: Highly contagious diseases can move through communities much more quickly than the methodical pace of science can produce vital answers. What we do know is that the coronavirus seems to have emerged in China as early as mid-November and has now reached countries, infected more than Population-level studies using new testing could boost case numbers about fold in the US and perhaps elsewhere as well.

As hospitals around the world care for COVID patients with blood clots , strokes , and long-lasting respiratory failure , scientists are racing to study the coronavirus, spread life-saving information, and combat dangerous misunderstandings.

Here are 11 of the biggest questions surrounding the coronavirus and COVID, and why answering each one is critically important. But newer research suggests the market may simply have been a major spreading site. Researchers are fairly certain that the virus — a spiky ball roughly the size of a smoke particle — developed in bats. Mounting evidence continues to undercut the conspiracy theory that the virus came from a Chinese laboratory. In the case of SARS, the weasel-like civet became an intermediate animal host.

Researchers have suggested that civets, pigs, snakes, or possibly pangolins — scaly nocturnal mammals often poached for the keratin in their scales — were an intermediary host for the new coronavirus. But it could also be that the virus jumped straight from bats to humans. Why it matters: Understanding how novel zoonotic diseases evolve and spread could lead to improved tracing of and treatments for new emerging diseases.

Global tallies of cases, deaths, recoveries, and active infections reflect only the confirmed numbers — researchers suspect the actual number of cases is far, far larger. For every person who tests positive for the novel coronavirus, there may be about 10 undetected cases. This is because testing capacity lags behind the pace of the disease, and many governments, including in the US, failed to implement widespread testing early on.

New estimates from MIT suggest the world had already seen million coronavirus cases and 1. That would make the global case total 12 times higher than official reports, and the global death toll 1.

Other similar research estimated that the US alone may have seen 8. It would also give scientists a more accurate picture of the effects of social distancing, lockdowns, contact tracing , and quarantining. Viruses are small, streamlined particles that have evolved to make many, many copies of themselves by hijacking living cells of a host. The higher the value, the greater the contagiousness — though it varies by region and setting.

But it had a whopping R0 of 5. The seasonal flu, by contrast, has an R0 of about 1. Coronavirus patients tend to have high viral loads in the throat, nasal cavity, and upper respiratory tract, which makes the virus highly contagious.

Coughing — a signature symptom of COVID — helps spread viruses in tiny droplets, especially in confined spaces.

But the virus can also spread through singing, normal breathing, or even loud conversation. Just one minute of loud speech can produce over 1, coronavirus-containing droplets that linger in the air for eight minutes or longer, according to research from the National Institutes of Health.

Studies have shown that just a few hundred copies of a respiratory virus are enough to infect another person. Why it matters: Knowing how a virus gets around can help everyone better prevent its spread.

Getting a handle on its behavior may also spur governments to act sooner to contain future outbreaks of this or other similar diseases. Studies have outlined a step-by-step path for how the coronavirus kills patients. Our immune system then senses a threat and responds by activating white blood cells. The reaction may cause milder coronavirus symptoms like fever, fatigue, muscle aches, or swollen toes.

But it can also lead to severe symptoms including blood clots, excessive leaking in the blood vessels, fluid in the lungs, depleted oxygen in the blood, and low blood pressure.

Doctors have linked blood clots to the increased prevalence of strokes among coronavirus patients. An aggressive immune response can also damage the heart, kidneys, intestines, and liver. Why it matters: Understanding how the coronavirus does so much harm could lead to more effective treatments in hospitals and make for promising drug targets. Age is a big one. Older people are more likely to die as a result of lung failure, strokes, heart attacks, and other problems triggered by coronavirus infections, while younger individuals are much less likely to do so.

However, people of all ages , including children , have experienced severe symptoms and sometimes death. Government action matters greatly, too. In places that did not respond forcefully and early to the outbreak, emergency rooms and intensive-care units have been crushed with patients who require care.

That can outstrip resources and force doctors to make life-or-death triage decisions. People whose genes tell their bodies to make more ACE2 receptors — which the coronavirus uses to invade our cells — could get hit harder. Why it matters: Variations in death rates help researchers expose flaws in government responses, supply chains, patient care, and more, ideally leading to fixes.

Being able to identify the people at higher risk of severe symptoms and treati them accordingly could also lower death rates. However, the early data is clear enough: The coronavirus has the capacity to kill millions of people in a relatively short time.

On a per-capita basis, young people are the most resilient to the coronavirus. But they do get infected and suffer from it. Even blood clots and strokes have emerged among some younger patients. Typically, young kids and older people are in the same risk category for diseases like the flu.

The report, however, only included kids with confirmed cases, so the breakdown is likely skewed. Out of more than 2, pediatric cases in the CDC study, only three patients died.

The immune system also becomes more dysregulated as a person ages. So the pediatric immune system may simply be better at battling the coronavirus than the adult immune system. The body almost certainly develops short-term immunity in the form of antibodies, and immune-system researchers are reasonably confident that the body will recognize and fight the coronavirus in the future.

There have been a small number of cases in which people tested positive for the coronavirus, were later found to be free of the virus, then tested positive again after that.

But these cases are mostly the result of false positives and misinterpretations of test results , since some diagnostic tests can detect leftover pieces of dead virus in the body. Still, no one is certain about the prospects for long-term immunity. That takes me about 3 seconds to say normally. That sentence contains 28 phonemes. That means I am saying over 9 phonemes every second!

How many phonemes in rich? How many in pitch? Rich has 3 phonemes, even though it has 4 letters. But pitch also has 3 phonemes; you can tell because it rhymes with rich. Two kinds of spellings get teachers messed up: digraphs and clusters. A digraph is a multi-letter spelling usually 2 letters for a single phoneme. Digraphs can be consonants ck, ll, tch, ng or vowels ee, ew, igh, ow.

Either way, the combination stands for one mouth move. The digraph ng can fool some people. The ng combination directs you to move the back of your tongue against the roof of your mouth to block the air; as you make a sound in your throat, the air comes out of your nose in a kind of humming.

Try it. The digraph ow can also be a fooler. Consonant clusters a. Each consonant retains its distinctive mouth move, but sometimes the individual phonemes are blurred a bit to make a smooth sequence.

In counting consonant clusters, you must break the cluster into separate phonemes to get an accurate count. A common problem in counting phonemes is failing to split clusters into separate phonemes, thus getting an undercount. A good strategy in distinguishing a digraph from a cluster is to stretch it.

No matter how slowly you say a digraph, it is still one mouth move. But by stretching a cluster, you should be able to identify its individual mouth moves and count each one. Exercise 1 : Write down each of these words, count the phonemes, and then check your answers: hat knock bring through strict. A grapheme could be either a single letter or a digraph. It is a letter or letter combination that represents a single phoneme within a word.

A grapheme is a spelling of a phoneme. Digraphs are graphemes spelled with more than one letter, usually two. We need many digraphs because English has more phonemes 42 than letters Our most popular consonant digraphs in English involve the letter h : ch, ph, sh, and th.

Other digraphs have silent letters, for example, kn, wr, and ck. Let me remind you once again about the trickiest of digraphs: ng. Say sing. Say the last phoneme in sing. Feel where your tongue is? We spell same phoneme with the grapheme n in words like think. Most vowel combinations are digraphs. All the long vowels commonly use digraph spellings in one-syllable words, e.

The ch is a digraph. One more: throat. The th is a digraph, so it counts as one. Also, oa is a vowel digraph. Exercise 2 : Your turn to count phonemes in words with digraphs.

Write down each of these words, count the phonemes, and then check your answers: block sting wreck slink spring. Clusters are blends of consonants that can be separated, but resist separation. Clusters always blend together either 2 or 3 phonemes.

Slow it down all day, and your mouth is still just doing one thing. Many clusters involve l bl, cl, fl , r fr, gr, pr , and s sp, st, sw. As you say those words slowly, you should hear that blender at work. Flop is first.

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