An open-source ultrasound imaging dev kit side project. kelu Following Follow project.  Developing an open-source, low-cost technological DIY kit to allow scientists, academics, hackers, makers or OSH fans to hack their way to ultrasound imaging. This project is not part of echopen. Details. This project, Murgen, has a specific target of providing a technological kit to allow scientists, academics, hackers, makers or OSHW fans to hack their way to ultrasound imaging - below $ - at home, with no specific equipment required. Today, we have achieved the electronic design of the kit and are having it made by a PCB assembly, we have physically tested it with our in house transducer. Open Source Hardware Association — создана для продвижения Open Source устройств, дизайн которых свободно доступен под открытой лицензией. Такие устройства, микросхемы, печатные платы вот уже полтора года помечаются логотипом с шестерёнкой, так что каждый сразу видит, что это — свободное устройство. Базовые требования, которые нужно соблюдать при разработке открытого аппаратного обеспечения. Для начала определимся, что есть Hardware. В общем случае — это какой-то полезный девайс. Девайс обычно состоит из трёх основных типов частей: корпус (механические части), печатные платы и электронные компоненты. Чтобы Hardware стало Open — нужно чтобы все эти компоненты распространялись под свободной лицензией. Конечно, для чертежей могут не подойти обычные лицензии, используемые для СПО, потому они должны быть соответствующим образом адаптированы. Теперь по пунктам: Механические части: некоторые части можно распечатать на 3D-принтере даже дома, другие можно выточить на станке. А можно заказа. Architecture of the ultrasound imaging system. Latest Articles Popular Articles. A dual input for the clipped raw signal from the transducer was integrated, as well as different jumpers and pots, to control the Variable Gain Open hardware ultrasound js VGA gain, as well as the ADC reference voltage. A modularized approach A modular approach open hardware ultrasound js chosen for the kit development in order to enable the exploration of the individual mechanisms of ultrasound processing and to allow the replacement of each element in the processing chain, as desired. There are other persons who like to implement stuff. We invite submissions from various fields, such as human-machine interaction, biotechnology, engineering, physics, computer science, humanities, and social sciences, among others.

As the field of open hardware grows, the Journal is committed to maintaining a diversity of perspectives and expertise to ensure we remain a place for scholars and practitioners from multiple disciplines and communities to advance open hardware research through novel development, analysis, reflection and learning. We asked each of our new editors to tell us a bit about their work and why JOH and open hardware are so important at this moment.

Read their replies here. Jenny Molloy is a Shuttleworth Fellow at the University of Cambridge, studying the role and impact of open approaches to intellectual property for a sustainable and equitable bioeconomy.

In particular she researches the potential for local, distributed manufacturing of enzymes to improve access and build capacity for biological research.

This work combines technical development using synthetic biology-based platform technologies and open science hardware with qualitative research on challenges faced by molecular biologists globally.

Shannon Dosemagen has spent her career working with environment and public health groups to address declining freshwater resources, coastal land loss and building monitoring programs with communities living adjacent to industrial facilities. She is an environmental health advocate, community science champion, and enthusiastic about the potential for open systems and technology to support the creation of a more just and equitable future.

She is a Shuttleworth Fellow working on the Open Environmental Data Project, and previously co-founded Public Lab, acting as executive director from While existing compact elements exists, such as the AFE which include low noise amplifiers Open Source Ultrasound Hardware Control LNA and analog-to-digital converters ADCs [ 8 ], we preferred using separate ICs, so that the user can measure exactly the target signal.

The remaining elements of the kits are micro-controllers, processing units, or power supplies that can be easily obtained and easily modified and programmed. The latest set of modules is based on a wireless-enabled, Arduino-compatible STM32, which has a 6 Msps on-board ADC, strictly compatible with the analog processing module for the envelope detection.

To save on costs and limit complexity, and to ensure the robustness of the designs, the two designed modules leverage existing ICs:. Most of the modules can be found on usual open-source hardware procurement websites. However, the two modules specifically developed for this project have to be custom made, as they are not currently sold as kits or assemblies. The design has limited high-voltage to specific points within the module, and to the SMA connector going to the transducer.

The full setup, without the motor, did not use more than mA at 9V during the tests. The ATL3 probe, powered at 3. The difference of stimulating the transducer caused a 5 mA at 9V difference.

Other safety issues when applied to humans [ 21 ]. There are indeed very strict regulations on ultrasound equipment for use in humans due to both thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound on tissue such as overheating, and mechanical breaking of tissue structures. We understand that no medical scanners can be sold on the market without having undergone strict measurements and reporting routines e.

However, the present modules do not aim at providing a medical ultrasound imaging system to a doctor, nor is suitable for tests on living beings, and hence does not need to fulfill the same requirements as a medical device. In order to obtain repeatable signals, the DAC of a Arduino-compatible board was used and integrated on a separate module.

This module is capable of simulating a 2MHz signal, using an arbitrary signal profile. This signal can be used to characterize the analog processing module, as well as the DAQ modules. Calibration of ultrasound electrical signal processing requires a standard signal, which is difficult to provide using a classical transducer.

Moreover, due to the variety of transducers, it would be extremely difficult to obtain a standard setup and signal. We note that do-it-yourself signal ultrasound generators [ 20 ] exist, though these were too complex for our purposes. Qualification and calibration of the high-voltage level on the TPM are done using an oscilloscope.

Finally, the gain level of the analog processing module is in the tests described below adjusted at the beginning of the experiment, to use the full range of output signal and obtain the best image possible. The level of gain can be selected, either from one input signal, coming from an external DAC for example, or with a potentiometer, the choice between the two being made possible by a jumper.

A home-made phantom developed by echOpen was used to test the first iteration of the board. It was made of a gelatin phantom, with tapioca inclusions of two types 2mm and 8mm , the medium being contained in a condom see Figure 4.

This type of phantom does not conserve well, and was not reused for the second iteration. Tapioca and gelatin are used as they are close in terms of ultrasound properties to biological tissues. The gelatin phantom is useful in terms of obtaining volumetric images. However, this type of phantom does not conserve well, and does not provide well-calibrated images, making it difficult to compare signals acquired over time.

To this purpose, we have developed a very simple strip-board phantom, made of off-the-shelf electronic components, see Figure 5. The gain setting on the analog processing board was set to maximize the range of the signal and match it to the DAQ unit. These modules can be used in any setup requiring the excitation of the transducer, and further receiving and processing of the ultrasound signals. In our case, we have shown that they are working with commercial probes as well as single elements.

The modules can be assembled in a minimum set of additional modules using a power-supply, a pulser controller, and data acquisition. The work space, with the first iteration B , a salvaged piezoelectric element F controlled by a servo motor E imaging the custom-made phantom in Fig 4. Setup with a single element piezoelement, the two custom modules, and a Arduino-IDE-compatible micro-controller, streaming data over wifi.

The transducer was moved by a basic servomotor controlled by a Trinket Pro 5V, which doubled as the controller sending the pulse commands.

Data was acquired on the first iteration at 5Msps with a Bitscope unit BS The noise kept the SNR low, but nonetheless provided a source of data, and permitted to assess the performances of the different blocks. See Figure 4 for the phantom, and Figure 6 for the setup. Image type is detailed in Figure 3. The dev-kit has been tested with a ATL-3 probe found online.

This mechanical probe has 3 rotating transducers, a characteristic of this series of ATL probes. The other connector pins may correspond to the control of the probe motor.

The probe also includes outputs exposing the motor control, ensuring that the excitation of transmitter pulses are synchronized with the rotation, so that each line appears in the same direction in space for each rotation of the probe. In our case, we have seen that the transducers rotate relatively uniformly with a 3.

Minor adjustments in images were done in software to obtain a consistent video loop. A first test took place using a Bitscope micro BS10 , similarly to the previous application. However, the time interval between two captures was not consistent due to buffer transfer delays and did not lead to satisfactory acquisitions.

With 32MB containing two signals encoded over 16 bits each, there are points of data, or approximately ms. With a pulser set at us intervals, we should see around lines of data, which was the case. Rebuilding the image, we could see close to 12 full images, for a framerate of 14 fps, meaning that the motor was at approximately rpm. The setup was used on a ultrasound phantom, as well as on a small dice 10mm side , as seen in Figure 9.

The image obtained is shown in Figure We show that with a 2 Msps acquisition, we can easily resolve the pitch between the different wires of the phantom. The full 6 Msps acquisition of the microcontroler still needs to be used. Image sample acquired from the wire phantom with a simple transducer and the 2 Msps arduino-like, setup detailed in Fig 8.

The technology developed here does not differ from the technology used in NDT. Often, ultrasound equipment repair professionals need to check each element in probe-arrays, and thus only need a single channel equipment. Working with the DAC module enables one to be able to work on the acquisition system, based on a known signal input.

This enables repeatability of the input, contrarily to images that are usually captured using a probe on an ultrasound phantom. This DAC can go up to 2MHz, on a limited voltage range, and could be used in testing analog signals processing. Recent development in open hardware provide interesting opportunities [ 20 ]. It is suggested that the pulser can be used in medical ultrasound image devices, or for test applications. The analog processing module was tested for signals from 2MHz to 10MHz, with some distortion happening on the higher end of the bracket.

However, it can be noted that, with the possibility to measure and control the inputs and outputs between each processing unit, this module could possibly be used for signal demodulation.

The wireless DAQ module we built can go up to 6 Msps, with a bit resolution, on a [0;3. This module could, therefore, be used in systems where rapid acquisition and wireless streaming need to be used. The modules source code has been released, it is relatively easy for electronic engineers to reuse this code.

Apart from the well-known obstetrics and gynecology uses, ultrasound devices have been developed for several uses, which the current hardware could support, such as: doppler ultrasonography, contrast ultrasonography, molecular ultrasonography, elastography, non destructing testing, bladder measurement and other. An interesting one, suggested by Richard et al [ 3 ], would be to provide visual biofeedback to stroke victims relearning to control muscles.

The same board could be reused for work on sonar-like systems [ 14 ], or as an acquisition device for bone conduction microphones. This low-cost lifts the barrier of high-cost equipment purchase and hence facilitates the reuse of these designs.

This project benefits from an infrastructure that is completely open: GitHub for the storage of files, and a GitBook to synthesize the complete documentation. A mailing-list gathers the users community, enabling a community-based support. Communication between the different projects is to be developed.

Most of the modules can be sourced from usual, well known open-hardware online suppliers. Moreover, the two specific modules can either be produced with a proper surface mount equipment, or the manufacturing files sent to be produced.

The HV becoming obsolete, a new version of the board has been published. When the first iteration had 4 layers, the two newly made modules are 2-layer designs, for the sake of simplicity. The design also relies on off-the-shelf ICs to limit the number of its components. Most of systems are FPGA or DSP based, especially for higher imaging frequencies [ 4 , 5 , 9 ], as well as using multiple-element transducers [ 7 , 10 ] -while maintaining costs and power consumption low.

However, it can be noted that an FPGA module could be developed to interface with existing modules. The hardware has modules that require software to operate.

With the wireless module, any wifi-enabled device can acquire the UDP stream. The module approach that has been followed enables the posting of all code, source files, images, and general documentation in a single GitHub repository. For each module, a Readme file presents the module, provides clear images of the module, the inputs and output of each module, and describes what is required to build and run the experimental setup.

Their power and voltage requirements, fitting within a USB power envelope, can easily be supplied by off-the-shelf 5V power banks, and their small and lightweight design A5 format allows a great diversity in manipulation and configuration. The proposed modular design, as building blocks, will enable users to use the existing sets of modules or tailor them, if necessary, according to their own requirements.

This set of modules shows that ultrasound imaging can profit from a usable development kit. The following points will benefit from future review and improvements:.

Having a set of easy to use and modify Arduino-like modules will support the development of ultrasound imaging research, and provide the keys to the researchers, makers and curious-minded persons to explore this field. I would like to thank my friends in the community for exchanging views and ideas, echOpen for lending its space and sharing tools. I would also like to thank Prof Charles and Zach for testing Open Source Ultrasound Hardware 15 the first iteration, the Hackaday community for giving me the chance to go to the finals, Nicolas for his interest, and last but not least the echOpen community Benoit, Farad, Vincent, Jerome, Virginie, Emilie and others who have all kept me motivated!

This project has been funded by personal funds, and supported by two prizes from the Hackaday contest. A hand-held, high frequency ultrasound scanner. IEEE, : —8. A low-cost B-mode USB ultrasound probe.

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ULA-OP: an advanced open platform for ultrasound research. Portable low cost ultrasound imaging system. Ihab, FR. Barnett, Stanley B. Shung, KK. Diagnostic Ultrasound: Past, Present, and Future. Jonveaux, L. Arduino-like development kit for single-element ultrasound imaging. Journal of Open Hardware , 1 1 , p. Jonveaux L. Journal of Open Hardware. Journal of Open Hardware , 1 1 , 3. Jonveaux, Luc. Journal of Open Hardware 1 1 : 3.

Journal of Open Hardware 1, no. Jonveaux, L.. Journal of Open Hardware , vol. Start Submission Become a Reviewer. Reading: Arduino-like development kit for single-element ultrasound imaging. Abstract An open-source software ecosystem for ultrasound imaging is widely available to developers, however, limited resources can be found on the open-hardware side.

Keywords: Ultrasound, electronics, imaging, modules. How to Cite: Jonveaux, L. Published on 21 Mar Peer Reviewed. CC BY 4. Skills required: advanced surface mount soldering skills. Replication: The different iterations and modules have been disseminated in several locations.

Introduction Ultrasound imaging has evolved since the first ultrasound machine appeared.

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