Open Source Hardware Project #6. Environment: Public Lab. Since our governments and corporations have become as corrupted as they are powerful and democratic process is in many ways broken, the time has come for citizens to look after our own environment. Public Lab is facilitating this movement by developing open-source hardware tools to generate knowledge and share data about community environmental health. Learn, Tasting, And Embracing The Wonders of Bees To Help Save Our Planet. Open Source Hardware Project #7.  For example, I could not find a well-documented open-source water filter for this article (although the knowledge is out there). I would encourage readers to think about what they can offer. What knowledge could you open up?. The Journal of Open Hardware (JOH) is a peer reviewed open access publication for open hardware research and development. The journal’s primary goal is to bridge academic fields which contribute to open practices of design, fabrication, and dissemination of research instruments as well as the multiple dynamics that shape these processes. JOH covers technical, legal, scientific, educational, economic, and sociocultural aspects of hardware. We invite submissions from various fields, such as human-machine interaction, biotechnology, engineering, physics, computer science, humanities, and social s. Open source hardware refers to computer and electronic hardware that is designed in the same fashion as free and open-source software. Open source hardware is part of the open source culture that takes the open source ideas to fields other than software. An example of this is the Simputer project. Some of the impetus for the development of open source hardware was initiated in through the Challenge to Silicon Valley issued by Kofi Annan. Because the nature of hardware is different than software.

Open-source hardware OSH consists of physical artifacts of technology designed and offered by the open-design movement. Both free and open-source software FOSS and open-source hardware are created by this open-source culture movement and apply a like concept to a variety of components. It is sometimes, thus, referred to as FOSH free and open-source hardware.

The term usually means that information about the hardware is easily discerned so that others can make it — coupling it closely to the maker movement. The original sharer gains feedback and potentially improvements on hardare design from the FOSH community. There is now significant evidence that such sharing wrticle drive a high return on investment for the scientific community. Since the rise of reconfigurable programmable logic devicessharing of logic designs has been a form of open-source hardware.

Instead of the schematics, hardware description language HDL code is shared. HDL modules, when distributed, are called semiconductor intellectual property coresalso known as IP cores. Open-source hardware also helps alleviate the issue of proprietary device drivers for the free and open-source software community, however, it is not a pre-requisite for it, and should not be confused with the concept of open documentation for proprietary hardware, which is already sufficient for writing FLOSS device drivers and complete operating systems.

The bardware hardware focused " open source " activities were started around by Bruce Perenscreator of the Open Source Definitionco-founder of the Open Source Initiativeand a ham radio operator. Open source hardware journal article launched the Open Hardware Certification Program, which had the goal of allowing hardware manufacturers to self-certify their products as open. Shortly after the launch of the Open Hardware Certification Program, David Freeman announced the Open Hardware Specification Project OHSpecanother attempt at licensing hardware components whose interfaces are available publicly and of creating an entirely new computing platform as an alternative to proprietary computing systems.

However, most of these activities faded out after a few years. The FreeIO project advocated the open source hardware journal article of Free Hardware and proposed journsl freedoms that such hardware provided to users, based on the similar freedoms provided by free software licenses.

Martin's projects attracted a variety of hardware and software developers as well as other volunteers. Development of new open hardware designs at FreeIO ended in when Martin died of pancreatic open source hardware journal article but the existing designs remain available from the organization's website. By the mid s open-source hardware again became a hub of activity due to the emergence of several major open-source hardware projects and open source hardware journal article, such as OpenCoresRepRap 3D jurnalArduinoAdafruit and SparkFun.

InPerens reactivated the openhardware. Following the Open Graphics Projectan effort to sourec, implement, and manufacture a free and open 3D graphics chip set open source hardware journal article reference artidle card, Timothy Miller suggested the creation of an organization to safeguard the interests of the Open Graphics Project community.

Raymond expressed some concerns about certain aspects of the OHL and decided to not review open source hardware journal article license. Around in context of the Freedom Defined project, the Open Hardware Definition was created as collaborative work of many [14] and is accepted as of open source hardware journal article dozens of organizations and companies.

Javier Serrano, an engineer at CERN's Beams Department and the founder of the Open Hardware Repository, explained: "By sharing designs openly, Open source hardware journal article expects to improve the quality of designs through peer review and to guarantee their users — including commercial companies — the freedom to study, modify and manufacture them, leading to better hardware and less duplication of efforts".

Following the Open Hardware Summit, and after heated debates on licenses and what constitutes open-source hardware, Bruce Perens abandoned the OSHW Definition and the concerted efforts of those involved with it. FSF's Replicant project suggested in an alternative "free hardware" definition, derived from the FSF's four freedoms. The term hardware in open-source zrticle has been historically used in opposition to the term software of open-source software.

That is, to refer to the electronic hardware on which the software runs see previous section. However, as more and open source hardware journal article non-electronic jkurnal products are open source hardware journal article open source for example Wikihouse, OpenBeam or Hovalinthis term harcware to be used back in its broader sense of "physical product".

The field of open-source hardware has been shown to go beyond electronic hardware and to cover a larger range of product categories such as machine tools, vehicles and medical equipment. Due to a mixture of privacy, security, and environmental concerns, a number of projects have started that aim to deliver a variety of open-source computing devices.

Several retrocomputing hobby groups have created numerous recreations or adaptations of the early home computers of the s and 80s, some of which include improved functionality and more modern components such as surface-mount ICs and SD card readers. Miniaturised recreations of vintage computers have also been created. Electronics is one of the most popular types of open-source hardware.

There are many companies that provide large varieties of open-source electronics such as SparkfunAdafruit and Seeed.

In addition, there are NPOs and companies that provide a specific open-source electronic component such as the Arduino electronics prototyping platform. There are many examples of specialty open-source electronics such as arricle voltage and current GMAW open-source 3-D printer monitor [34] [35] and a robotics-assisted mass spectrometry assay platform.

A large range of open-source mechatronic products have been developed including mechanical components, machine tools, vehicles, musical instruments, and medical equipment. Examples of open source medical equipment include open-source ventilatorsthe echostethoscope echOpen and a wide range of prosthetic hands listed in the review study by Ten Kate et.

Rather than creating a new license, harrdware open-source hardware open source hardware journal article use existing, free and open-source software licenses. Later, skurce new licenses were proposed, designed to address issues specific to hardware design. Despite superficial similarities to software licensesmost harvware licenses are fundamentally different: by nature, they typically rely more heavily on patent law than on copyright law, as many hardware designs are not copyrightable.

The Open Source Hardware Association recommends seven licenses which follow their open-source hardware definition. Organizations tend to rally around a shared license.

The adjective "open-source" not only refers to a specific jardware of freedoms applying to a product, but also generally presupposes that the product is the object or the result of a "process that relies on the contributions of geographically dispersed developers via the Internet.

One of the major differences between developing open-source software and developing open-source hardware is that hardware results in tangible outputs, which cost money to prototype and manufacture.

As a result, the phrase "free as in speech, not as in beer", [61] more formally known as Open source hardware journal article versus Libredistinguishes between the idea of zero cost and the freedom to use and modify information.

While open-source hardware faces challenges in minimizing cost and reducing financial risks for individual project developers, some community members have proposed models to address these needs [62] Given this, there are initiatives to develop sustainable community funding mechanisms, such as the Open Source Hardware Central Bank.

Extensive discussion has taken place on jounal to make open-source hardware as accessible as open-source software. Providing clear and detailed product documentation is an essential factor facilitating product replication and collaboration in hardware development projects.

Practical guides have been developed to help practitioners to do so. The process of developing open-source hardware in a community-based setting is alternatively called open designopen source development [66] or open source product development.

See here for a delineation of these open source hardware journal article. A major contributor to the production of open-source hardware product designs is the scientific community.

There has been considerable work to open source hardware journal article open-source hardware for scientific hardware using a combination of open-source electronics and 3-D printing.

Circuit Cellar magazine organizes some of these contests. A guide has been published Open-Source Lab book by Joshua Pearce on using open-source electronics and 3D printing to make open-source labs. Today, scientists are creating many such labs. Examples include:. Open hardware companies are experimenting with business models.

For example, to accelerate development and technical innovation, the photovoltaic industry has experimented with partnerships, franchises, secondary supplier and completely open-source models. Recently, many open-source hardware projects were funded via crowdfunding on Indiegogo or Kickstarter.

Articls popular is Crowd Supply for crowdfunding open hardware projects. Richard Stallmanthe founder of the free software movement, was in skeptical on the idea and relevance of free hardware his terminology for what is now known as open-source hardware.

Other authors, such as Professor Joshua Pearce have argued there is an ethical imperative for open-source hardware — specifically with respect to open-source appropriate technology for sustainable development. It has featured many examples of applications of open-source hardware for scientific purposes. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Hardware from the open-design movement.

Free and open-source software portal. Free Software Foundation Inc. Science and Public Policy. Open Documentation for Hardware. OpenCON2—3 December Debian Announce List. Archived from the original on Retrieved CS1 maint: archived copy as title link.

Open Source Open source hardware journal article Definition. Freedom Defined. Promoting Open Hardware. Open Hardware — Constitution. Open Hardware. The freedom to study how the hardware works, and change it so it works as you wish.

Access to the hardware design source is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies of the hardware and its design so you can help your neighbor. The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others. By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the hardware design source is a precondition for this". Journal of Open Hardware. ISSN Open Source Hardware Association. Vintage Computer Forum.

Journal of Sensors. Robotics-assisted mass spectrometry assay platform enabled by open-source electronics. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 64, p. Dual robotic arm "production line" mass spectrometry assay guided by multiple Arduino-type microcontrollers. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemicalp. Analystp. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 88, p. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology.

This Article will explore the technical environment for OHW and the underlying principles and drivers of the open source community. The applicability of different forms of intellectual property at each stage of the OHW design/productization cycle will be discussed, along with the accompanying challenges presented by OHW. The international peer-reviewed Journal of Open Hardware publishes papers and reviews on technical, legal, economic, and sociocultural aspects of open hardware design, fabrication, and distribution. Its primary goal is to promote research and development of professional, academic, and community-based open hardware projects. About the journal HardwareX is an open access journal established to promote free and open source designing, building and customizing of scientific infrastructure (hardware). HardwareX aims to recogni.

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