I demonstrated how to create Table Functions (TF) in SAP HANA XS Classic. One of the TF disadvantage, which I mentioned there was the fact, that they are not supporting multi-value input parameters – and this is official: Personally I think this is quite a big limitation, because when some functionality cannot be covered by graphical view, then recommendation is to go for SQL Table Function – so why we cannot pass multi-value parameter there? In the reporting world this is one of the most basic functionality to give the user flexibility in defining input criteria, isn’t it?. Miter Gauge for table saw or other machines. Billet aluminum construction. Developing model to be modified and used on a number of different tools including grinders, sanders and routers. Show more Download Cms Router Table Miter Gauge files. Like. Share. 26Downloads 18Likes 1Comments. Details.  Miter GaugeMiter Gauge /. Loading. - stp. October 31st, - jpg. Knowing SAP table relationship is important so you can use right table when same information exists in several table. I have seen cases where inappropriate table is chosen and resulted in poor application performance. 2 SAP SE14 & ST04 –Database object consistence check. Consistency checks whether a table is defined exactly Miter Gauge Router Table 60 in the same way in both SAP ABAP data dictionary and database schema. If it is the same, then it is consistent. From performance point view, we focus Miter Gauge For Router Table Github on index definition. They are sold in high volume through retailers. Installed any time flashing comes in contact with a surface finish that does not overlap it, such as masonry. Xactimate uses variables to calculate the amount of an item required to cover a predetermined portion of a room or structure. Las iniciales de la idea eran suyas. Blind miter gauge for router table in sap. Biscuit joint. While drywall actually refers to any interior finish made rotuer plaster or gypsum board, in common usage it usually refers to a finish made from gypsum board.

In order to create an exceptions list, you must first create exception items. Exception items are line items that are grouped together so that they can be taxed in the same way. Foam which contains small beads with air voids around the beads. When used as insulation expanded foam should only be installed above grade. Concrete finish in which the top layer or surface cream is removed to expose the aggregate beneath, or aggregate is pressed into the surface of the concrete after screeding is complete.

Foam which is smooth, with no beads or voids. Because extruded foam will not absorb water, it can be installed as insulation above or below grade. A frame placed over the cabinet box against which the doors and drawers will rest. The face frame is made from vertical stiles and horizontal rails. To drive a nail into the face of the board so that it will be visible on the finished product.

See also blind nailing. A pre-built firebox assembly that includes a heat exchanger, air movement equipment, and the flue assembly. Also called a zero clearance fireplace. Non-structural, decorative tread and riser assembly which is placed over the structural tread and riser when carpet will run down the center of a stair.

False tread and risers are typically stain-grade wood which give the appearance of higher grade wood treads and risers at a lower cost. Exterior horizontal trim piece that covers the vertical edge of the rafter tails.

It can also be called the finish fascia because it is installed over the rough fascia. Connects the meter base to the breaker panel s or fuse box es. Usually contains four cables that are twisted together. Used in compression fittings, the ferrule is a ring that slides over the top of a pipe.

The ferrule is tapered on the top and is compressed between the fitting and a threaded nut. Shingle made from a combination of wood fiber and Portland cement. Glass filaments which are formed by pulling or spinning molten glass into random lengths. Fiberglass does not easily burn. The amount of material, including waste, that will be required in the field in order to complete the job.

Small piece of decorative wood that fills the space between balusters in a bottom rail. Review by the building inspector after the interior and exterior construction is complete, to check for any problems which may endanger the health or safety of the building occupants. In most areas a certificate indicating that the final inspection has been successfully completed is required before the home can be occupied.

Joint which uses small tapered projections fingers which interlace to join two pieces of material. May refer to the plumbing, electrical, carpentry, or HVAC work that is visible when construction is complete. Final coat of any material on a surface. The third coat of common stucco is the finish coat and contains the texture and may contain the pigment.

If the finish coat does not contain pigment, the surface of the stucco must be painted when dry. For stucco, see also scratch coat and brown coat.

Any electrical part that will be installed after the walls and ceiling are finished. A nail with a smaller shank for its length than other types of nails. The head on the finish nail is also smaller and able to sink below the surface of the wood. Finish nails are primarily used in finishing work. Piece of material installed to block the spread of fire from one side of it into wood framing members on the other side.

The fire is forced to burn through it before it can reach another part of the framing system. Process in which drywall is finished to provide fire protection only and not to provide a smooth finish wall.

Firetaped drywall has tape embedded along all joints which are then covered with one additional layer of mud. Fasteners are also covered with mud.

Wall which has been designed to resist the spread of fire. Fire walls in homes are typically required between the garage and living space. Fire walls are usually rated by the hours they are designed to resist the spread of fire. A typical residential firewall rating is one hour.

The interior of a fireplace system built of heat-resistant materials which contains the fire and radiates heat in the room. Can be made from a variety of materials including special Fire brick, prefabricated masonry panels or metal. Masonry unit made from clay that is formed and then baked at a high enough temperature to cause a partial melting or glazing on the surface.

This glaze provides a seal which protects the brick from moisture. Flexible tape that is used to pull electrical wire through conduit.

The fish tape is pushed through the conduit, the electrical wires are fastened to the end and pulled through the conduit. Term used for exterior decking material. Refers to the one and one-quarter or "five-quarter" thickness of the material.

Type of stone which splits easily into slabs known as flags and is commonly Miter Gauge For Router Table Cover used on floors. Parallel edges on a steel beam that are perpendicular to the center web of the beam.

Any piece of material, usually metal or plastic, installed to prevent water from penetrating into the structure around doors, windows, chimneys, and roof edges.

Shingles made from lumber whose annual rings form less than a forty-five degree angle at the face. A flat, thin plywood panel used in a frame and panel cabinet door. See frame and panel cabinet door, slab cabinet door and raised panel.

Roof style that appears flat but actually has a slight slope to allow drainage of precipitation. Tile shingle with a flat surface. The surface of flat tiles often have a grain simulation and the sides are usually rabbeted and grooved. Roof or floor truss with horizontal top and bottom chords reinforced with diagonal members between them.

Type of plastic laminate countertop with no integral backsplash, a flat smooth surface, and usually a square front edge. Flat-laid countertops can be fabricated in a shop or on site. See plastic laminate countertop and postformed countertop. A large piece of lumber cut out of a log that is then sawn into boards or veneer strips. Hand tool used to provide an even texture to concrete or plaster surfaces before they set.

Heavy, smooth asphalt coating mopped over the cap sheet of a multiple ply membrane roof to provide a smooth surface. The flood coat must be protected from sun damage by painting it with a UV coat or by covering it with aggregate. Structure which sits atop columns which raise the main floor above the flood plane. Also known as plan view.

Floor plan is a view as though you are looking directly down on a building with the top removed so you can see the layout of the floor including walls and fixtures. Includes the framing support members such as floor joists or floor trusses and the sheathing that provides the floor system surface. May be used instead of regular joists or I-joists. Floor trusses are generally placed on wider centers, are deeper and more expensive than other joists.

Floor trusses are designed to allow plumbing, electrical, and heating runs to be placed inside of them instead of below them like is often required in other joists.

Pipe that is sized, insulated, and positioned to carry combustible gases up and away from the structure. Cap placed on the top opening of the flue in such a way as to permit proper ventilation of the inner chambers of the flue pipe and at the same time prevent moisture or small animals from entering the flue. Door with a flat, smooth face with no panels or decoration.

Flush doors may have a solid core or a hollow core. Casing that contains a series of round called flutes along its length. Fluted casing is designed to look like fluted columns. Gable rafter which is located under the overhang part of the roof sheathing on the gable end.

It is not directly supported by the exterior wall. Also sometimes referred to as the barge rafter or barge board. Base upon which the structure will stand, it rests on the soil. A footing ultimately supports all of the weight of the structure, it is a structural part. Heating system that uses a fan to push heated air through ducts to vents throughout the structure.

Brand name of a common type of plastic laminate material. The term formica is often used in the industry when referring to plastic laminate. This structural part rests on the footing and supports the exterior walls and floor system. A foundation is usually constructed out of concrete, block or treated lumber. Piece of lumber usually redwood or treated that is used between the foundation and the framing. It is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts.

Inspection of the rough-in of four trades including framing, plumbing, HVAC, electric. This inspection must be completed before the walls or ceilings are covered. A composition shingle that has been torn by the impact from a hailstone. The fractures often radiate out from the center of the hailstone impact in a spider web pattern.

Also see bruised composition shingles and granular loss. A cabinet door which consists of a frame that surrounds a panel. The panel may be glass, a veneered plywood flat panel, or a solid wood raised panel.

See slab cabinet door. Cabinet style in which a face frame is attached to the cabinet box. See frameless style cabinets. Term to denote that the building framing has been completed to the point that it is ready for the roof system to be built. Cabinet style which has no face frame attached to the cabinet box.

Often called a European style cabinet because it was developed in Europe during the reconstruction following World War II as an alternative to the more labor-intensive framed style cabinet.

See framed style cabinet. Members which connect the bottoms of opposing rafters together to prevent them from moving outward. Ceiling joists are commonly used as framing ties. A faucet designed to supply water to the outside of the structure without danger of freezing in cold temperatures. The faucet is located on the outside of the structure but the valve portion is located inside the heated structure.

Horizontal trim piece installed at the top of the exterior wall, covering the joint between the soffit and the exterior wall.

The frieze board is often ornately decorated. The maximum depth that frost is expected to penetrate into the soil during the coldest part of winter. Fair rental value coverage is insurance that pays the loss of rental income on rental property, minus expenses, when that rental income cannot continue because property rented to others or held for rental is damaged by a peril covered in the insurance policy.

Backsplash which runs from the countertop to the bottom of the upper cabinet. See backsplash and block backsplash. A structure that has a basement level, the floor of which is usually positioned below ground level under the main level. Hardware attached between a cabinet drawer and the cabinet box which allows the drawer to be pulled completely out of the cabinet box.

Any cabinet that runs the full height from the floor to the level of the upper unit. See lower unit, vanity cabinet, and upper unit. Also called furr strips, they are often used on the interior of block or concrete walls. Furring strips can be made from either metal or wood. They are fastened to the walls, ceiling, or floor system generally for the purpose of providing a surface to which the ceiling or wall covering may be easily attached.

Truss used at the ends of a gable roof. It has vertical members which are spaced to allow convenient attachment of the exterior wall sheathing. Roof style consisting of two sides that slope in opposite directions down from the peak or ridge.

The roof ends form an inverted V and are filled in with triangular shaped gable end walls. Vents placed in the gable ends of the roof. Gable vents facilitate the flow of air in the attic while protecting it from insects and the weather. Each side has two sections, the lower section having a steeper slope than the upper section.

The gambrel roof is often used on barns. Also known as a mansard roof. Truss used to make a gambrel roof, functions in the same way as a gable truss. Traditionally used in the U. Tool which uses a screen to press the course aggregate downward while leaving the fine aggregate at the surface. Flat gandy is dropped lightly over the entire surface. Rolling gandy uses a screen shaped like a barrel and is rolled across the entire surface.

Widely used in residential construction, its use is discouraged by many structural engineers because it can severely damage the concrete unless used skillfully. Refers to the thickness of metal. A heavier gauge means that the metal is thicker but it is noted by a smaller number. Main line items that represent more specific line items that can be placed or associated within a category i. Scientist who performs the necessary calculations to determine the types and sizes of footings which must be used to ensure safe and proper support of the building by the soil.

Also called a Soils engineer. Large horizontal beam which may be used to provide structural support at specific bearing points along its length. A girder is held up in position by columns or a bearing wall. Tile shingle with a color glaze compound put on its surface that produces a smooth and shiny face. Glazed clay tiles are baked. Glazed concrete tiles dry chemically. Glaze usually adds significantly to the cost of clay tiles, but adds only moderately or not at all to the cost of concrete tiles.

Tile which come in a variety of sizes but are usually about 4" by 4" and typically have a high gloss or matte glaze applied to the finish surface.

See ceramic mosaic tile and quarry tile. Hardware attached between a cabinet drawer and the cabinet box which holds the drawer in a level position as the drawer is pulled out of and pushed into the cabinet box. See full extension glide. Short for glue-laminated beam, it is made of several layers of dimensional lumber glued together so that the joints in each layer are overlapped by other layers to provide strength.

Glue-lam beams always have a slight arch or bow called a camber. They are always installed so the camber is up. A long, curving handrail piece that is used to step down and make a long vertical transition between handrail parts on a stair balustrade. See top rail, volute, one-quarter turn, and balustrade. Concrete beam that rests on grade ie: on the soil but is supported by piers or columns rather than the soil directly underneath. A grade beam may appear to be a footing or short foundation wall unless one inspects carefully enough to discover the connections to the top of the piers or columns underneath.

Stake which is placed in the ground and marked at the point where the grade should be found once the building part is in place. Grade stakes are often placed and marked to indicate where the top of the concrete will be located once the pour is complete.

Grade stakes used as a guide for establishing the final level of the concrete are usually pulled out and their holes filled with wet concrete once the wet concrete has been leveled at the proper grade.

Granular loss occurs when mineral granules embedded in a composition shingle are loosened by the impact from a hailstone when the hailstone does not bruise or fracture the shingle. See fractured composition shingles and bruised composition shingles. Molding that fits over a single pane to make it appear as if the window unit has many separate lights. Also see muntin. Circular eyelet which reinforces a hole that has been punched into a piece of material.

Special electrical circuit which will immediately stop power from flowing through an outlet or electrical device if there is a hazardous event such as dropping an electrical device into water. All outlets in a bathroom should have GFCI protection. GFCIs can be built into an outlet or into a circuit breaker. Water concentration below the surface of the ground.

The level of this water in the soil is called the water table. A grouping code is a unique ID assigned to each object in the estimate.

It can be used as a variable or it can be used in a calculation. Object names, by comparison, allow spaces and are not unique—meaning an estimate can have more than one object with same name. Mixture of cement, water and aggregate. Grout is used to fill in the block cells which contain rebar. This holds the rebar joints in place and strengthens the block. The primary differences between mortar, grout, and concrete are the ratio of materials used and the size of the aggregate.

Most modern framers use nail guns and rarely use a hammer. Gun nails come in strips or coils so they can be easily loaded in the nail gun. They usually have a hooded or "T" shape so the nails can fit closely together. See common nails, box nails and sinkers. Plates fastened to the face of the truss to hold together members where they join.

Channel or trough positioned along the lower edge of the roof to catch and control roof water, directing it to the downspout. May be made of wood, metal, or plastic. A place where the gutter is attached to the structures fascia.

On seamless aluminum gutter the gutter brace contains usually a large nail and the nail head can be seen on the face of the gutter. An underlayment made from fiber reinforced gypsum which is easy to cut and install and is highly resistant to indentation.

See underlayment, particleboard underlayment, plywood underlayment, lauan plywood underlayment, cement board underlayment, and untempered hardboard underlayment. Course of brick in which the vertical joint between bricks is half-way across the length of the brick in the course below it. Also referred to as running bond and stretcher bond. Pattern formed in the valley of a roof by overlapping the valley with shingles from one side of the valley and cutting shingles from the other side so they end at the center of the valley.

Electrical burner which instantly becomes hot when the burner is turned on. See ceran top and halogen burner. Any texture that is applied to drywall by hand, without the use of a machine.

This include brush textures and hocl textures. A rule for safe use of a ladder. Extension out of a foundation wall used to support a concrete part such as a step. Part of a weight-bearing system, a header is placed over an opening in the wall and distributes the weight supported by the members above it onto other parts which distribute the weight down to the footings. The header is usually supported by trimmers under each end.

Specific name for the jamb found on the top of the inside of window and door openings. Wood found at the center of the tree. Generally higher quality wood than sapwood, with less and tighter knots and more resistant to decay. Bubble which forms in the shingle when the asphaltic coating does not properly bond to the mat.

Device which transfers heat from a source, such as a flame, to a conductor, such as air or water. A distinct line left on walls by superheated smoke that was stopped at the ceiling. The bottom edge of this superheated smoke often leaves a line on the walls.

System which heats or cools the air by using refrigerant gas to either take heat out of the structure or bring heat into the structure. Room or group of rooms that is heated or cooled as a unit, usually controlled through a single thermostat. Installation where wood strips are installed in a zigzag pattern. See straight wood floor installation and diagonal wood floor sintallation. A urethane foam pad that looks much like a thin wrestling pad.

Unlike most other types of pad, water can be extracted from high density urethane foam pads. See synthetic felt pad, waffle type sponge rubber pad, and rebond pad. A self-contained, usually freestanding unit which contains an oven below, with top burners and an upper oven which is often a microwave oven. See range cooker and restaurant style range cooker. External angle or convex intersection created at the joint of two roof planes.

A regular hip roof has four hips, one from each corner of the exterior walls to the ridge. Rafter which forms the HIP line of the roof from the ridge to the outside corner of the exterior walls. Roof style with four sloping planes. Both the sides and ends of the hip roof slope down from the peak or ridge to the top of the exterior walls. Used to connect the outside of the framing to the foundation.

The hold-downs are placed in the foundation while the concrete is still wet. Bubbles resulting from the separation of plies in multiple ply membrane roofs due to improper installation. Holidays will break over time. The electrical lead that runs between the breaker panel or fuse box and the first outlet or device in an electrical circuit. Flaw in a concrete wall finish indicating air pockets remained in the mix where the concrete failed to settle properly against the forms during the pour.

These air pockets produce a result that resembles the pattern found in a honeycomb. Can be overcome by proper tamping and vibration of the concrete while it is in a highly plastic state. Window unit that opens by moving the top of the window sash inward. The bottom of the window sash is attached with hinges. Installation method where bonding materials are heated and mopped onto roofing materials to form a bond between layers, overlapping seams, or flashing.

On modified bitumen roof systems, a method whereby SBS type modified bitumen roofing is adhered to the base sheet. Manufactured metal bracket used to tie the roof truss to the top of the bearing wall.

Fasteners which overlap the side of roofing tile, designed to keep the tiles in place even under hurricane-force winds. The chemical process that occurs when water and cement combine to form the adhesive paste that holds the aggregate together and makes concrete harden. The correct mixture of water, cement, and temperature is needed for proper hydration to occur. The instantaneous pressure caused when flowing water is stopped by a closed plumbing valve.

Wood beams that have top and bottom chords made out of laminated veneer lumber LVL or dimensional lumber and the center web made out of either plywood or oriented strand board. I-joists are stronger than joists made out of dimensional lumber and can often span from basement wall to basement wall, although in most cases a center bearing wall is still required.

Condition that occurs when snow melts on the heated portion of an improperly ventilated roof. The water drips down to the unheated portion where it freezes into ice. Eventually the build up of ice will cause the roof to leak. The third of the six points of estimation, identification is where the estimator decides what an item is.

Type of carpet that may be used in interior or exterior applications. Originally, indoor-outdoor carpet was made to imitate grass, but today it imitates many types of traditional interior carpet. See wool carpet, nylon carpet, berber carpet, sculptured carpet, and shag carpet. Insulation that is injected into place. There are two types of injected insulation. The first is foam that is injected into holes and cracks through tubes.

The second is insulation that is injected through mesh into a framing cavity. The Inspection wizard flags anything in the estimate that does not meet the predefined criteria that has been established for a given Profile. For example, flooring added to a room that exceeds the total square footage of the room is flagged as a violation, since this would fall under the Xactware rule of Excess.

The inspection can also be run at any time within the estimate. Flue consisting of an inner pipe and an outer pipe with the space between the two filled with heat-resistant insulation. Board used as a barrier against thermal or sound transmission.

Insulation board may be made from fiber, pressed wood, or foam. Material placed in the roof system to prevent insulation from falling through the space between the top of the exterior wall and the bottom of the roof sheathing. This field on the Loss Recap report, defaults to 1, which is correct unless the property is under-insured. This factor is calculated by dividing the insurance carried by the insurance required.

Type of drawer in which the face serves as the front piece of the drawer. The drawer sides attach directly to the drawer face. See attached drawer. Shingles with interlocking edges; designed so that the wind cannot lift them. The most common type of interlocking shingle is the T lock. Siding made from metal or vinyl with edges that interlock as the pieces are installed forming a weathertight seam.

A protective layer of material which is installed between tile and a substrate. The isolation membrane protects tile from movement in the underlying systems absorbs water that penetrates the tile surface. A mortar bed and cement board are two types of isolation membranes.

See thinset tile, mortar bed, and cement board. ITEL is an independent third party that provides unbiased analysis of damaged materials. After the sample is received, ITEL performs a detailed analysis to determine the pertinent material specifications so that an appropriate match can be found.

This feature requires a customized profile. Displays specifically what this activity includes and what it excludes; also displays any notes relating to the item.

Displays a graphic of the item. Displays the tax type and rate for the selected item, as well as a breakdown of the sales tax total, the item price before tax and the taxed unit price. Short rafter that runs either from the valley rafter to the ridge board or from the hip rafter to the wall top plate.

Window unit with numerous glass louvres that pivot simultaneously outward from the bottom. Wood or metal parts around the top and sides of the inside of window and door openings. The window frame is made up of the jambs side jambs and header jamb and the window sill.

Metal part used to provide permanent support for joists and headers that do not rest on top of a bearing member. Parallel, horizontal framing members to which floor or ceiling boards are attached.

Joists may be made from wood, steel, or concrete. Box which protects splices in electrical wires and provides access. Switches, outlets, and boxes for light fixtures are junction boxes. Lumber drying process where lumber is placed in a kiln or oven and heated until the excess moisture is removed.

Kiln drying is about 10 times faster than surface drying. Full-length stud located at each end of the header and parallel to the trimmer. The King stud holds the header and the trimmer in position. Wiring system used before Two strands of copper wire are run along framing by connecting them to porcelain knobs and through framing inside porcelain tubes.

Any type of drywall texture which is flattened or smoothed. Texture may be knocked down when it is semi-dry with a drywall knife or it can be sanded after it is dry. A heavy brown paper made of a sulfate pulp that is often used to face batt insulation. Kraft paper is not resistant to fire, so kraft-faced batt insulation must be covered with a fire-resistant material.

Laminated veneer lumber or micro-laminated beam, made from thin layers of wood, called veneers, that are glued together. The veneer segments may run either perpendicular or parallel to the load and they have no arch or camber.

Labor burden is the cost of employing a worker. These taxes, along with their respective rates appear in the Burden Taxes menu of the Price List Editor. Is intended to account for all additional costs incurred, and internal markups required by the employer to arrive at the billable hourly rate for the tradesperson.

Interlocking pattern formed in the valley of a roof by overlapping shingles in alternating rows, making a basket-weave pattern. Most expensive type of composition shingle with laminated overlay strips which enhance the roof appearance.

Laminated shingles may have an imprinted texture on their surface and may have from one to three laminated strips.

Laminated shingles are commonly referred to as architectural or dimensional shingles. Edge on a countertop which is made by covering the square front corner with plastic laminate. Horizontal siding that is installed by overlapping the top edge of each course with the bottom edge of the course directly above it. Tool used in building construction that projects a light beam out on a level plane for use as a reference in aligning objects so they are level e.

A plywood underlayment made from lauan wood. See underlayment, particleboard underlayment, plywood underlayment, cement board underlayment, gypsum-based underlayment, and untempered hardboard underlayment. Pan that is placed under a washer to catch water should the washer overflow.

The pan may catch and hold the water or channel the water into a drain. Board which has been marked to show the distance between each of the trusses, used while trusses are being installed to ensure they are positioned properly.

When something is parallel to the surface of the earth, forming a line that would be the same as the surface of a liquid at that height. See plumb. True horizontal cut, when a member is installed. The actual angle required for a level cut is determined by the slope of the member to be installed.

A level cut is at right angles to the plumb cut. Line item tags give you the ability to append pieces of data to line items including price list items and contents items. These tags don't have any effect on the default functions in the estimate; they are used to collect data such as a franchise number, a resource, a date, etc. A type of flooring made from ground cork and linseed oil.

Although linoleum is no longer made in North America, it can still be imported from Europe. Many people outside the construction industry say linoleum when they mean vinyl. The two terms are not interchangeable. Horizontal structural member above a door or window opening. Used to support the weight over the opening by distributing the weight to each side.

Temporary weight that will be placed on the structural part, including things such as snow, people, and furniture. They are essential tools for any fine work being done with a hammer. While modern pneumatic nail guns automatically set the nail below the surface of the wood, a nail set is still handy because occasionally the nail gun fails. The bits of wood used in particleboard are larger than the fine fiber in MDF, making the panel less consistent.

Like MDF, particleboard is vulnerable to moisture. The hole will ensure the fastener is driven in the desired direction and clears some waste wood to prevent your work from splitting when the fastener is driven in place. A jig creates a pocket hole with a special step bit that leaves a pilot hole as well as a shoulder for stopping the pocket screw at a pre-determined depth.

This decreases the chance of splitting the wood. It adds extra gluing surface and protects against racking. The force comes from one direction and is typically parallel to the sides of a case piece.

The overlapping edges hide any seasonal wood movement. In drawers, the sliding dovetail typically will join the drawer sides to the drawer front and leaves space for installing drawer slides.

In a case piece, the sliding dovetail joins shelves to the case sides. Speed Square proper n — A small triangular-shaped layout tool that combines aspects of try, miter and framing squares. The tool has a lip on one side to allow it to hook on your work. Typically used in home construction, but is also common among woodworkers. The spline requires milling another piece of wood, instead of just buying biscuits, but it helps align the pieces along the entire edge.

Because the dado is stopped and the shelf notched, the joinery remains hidden when assembled. Typically used to join shelves to the sides of a case piece, this joint is ideal for cabinets without face frames.

It offers great strength and visible joinery on both faces of the corner. It typically appears in case construction to join the top, bottom and sides. It also is commonly found at the back of drawer boxes, joining the drawer sides with the back. This is easier to make, but it leaves the joinery visible.

It is typically used to join shelves to the sides of a carcase, especially when the cabinet will be fitted with a face frame that will conceal the joinery.

It is a simple way to not have to worry about gauging the accurate depth of the mortise, because the tenon is cut flush after assembly. This joint allows the boards to move with changes in humidity, but still keeps the surfaces evenly aligned. As a secondary advantage, the wedged tenon is a nice decorative element. Here are some supplies and tools we find essential in our everyday work around the shop.

We may receive a commission from sales referred by our links; however, we have carefully selected these products for their usefulness and quality. By Pop Wood Editors. In Techniques. Biscuit joint. Blind dovetail joint. Blind mortise-and-tenon. Box joint. Bridle joint. Butt joint. Doweled joint. Finger joint. Each may contain a pool of nectar up to 2.

Daytime pollinators include capuchin monkeys. However, most pollination occurs at night. The main pollinators were once thought to be bats, but recent evidence suggests that two nocturnal arboreal mammals, the kinkajou and the olingo , may be the primary pollinators.

It is evergreen or dry-season deciduous , with large to cm, weakly palmately lobed leaves. Being a deciduous angiosperm , balsa is classified as a hardwood despite the wood itself being very soft; it is the softest commercial hardwood.

The trees are harvested after six to 10 years of growth. Balsa lumber is very soft and light, with a coarse, open grain. This gives the wood a spongy texture. It also makes the wood of the living tree not much lighter than water and barely able to float. For commercial production, the wood is kiln-dried for about two weeks, leaving the cells hollow and empty.

The large volume-to-surface ratio of the resulting thin-walled, empty cells gives the dried wood a large strength-to-weight ratio because the cells are mostly air.

Unlike naturally rotted wood, which soon disintegrates in the rainforests where balsa trees grow, the cell walls of kiln- seasoned balsa wood retain their strong structure of cellulose and lignin. Because it is low in density but high in strength, balsa is a very popular material for light, stiff structures in model bridge tests , model buildings, and construction of model aircraft ; all grades are usable for airworthy control line and radio-controlled aircraft varieties of the aeromodeling sports, with the lightest "contest grades" especially valuable for free-flight model aircraft.

However, it also is valued as a component of full-sized light wooden aeroplanes , most notably the World War II de Havilland Mosquito. Balsa is used to make wooden crankbaits for fishing, especially Rapala lures. Sticks of dried balsa are useful as makeshift pens for calligraphy when commercial metal nibs of the desired width are not available. Balsa wood is often used as a core material in composites ; for example, the blades of many wind turbines are partly of balsa.

In table tennis bats, a balsa layer is typically sandwiched between two pieces of thin plywood made from other species of wood. Balsa wood is also used in laminates together with glass-reinforced plastic fiberglass for making high-quality balsa surfboards and for the decks and topsides of many types of boats , especially pleasure craft less than 30 m in length.

On a boat, the balsa core is usually end-grain balsa, which is much more resistant to compression than if the soft balsa wood were laid lengthwise. Balsa is also used in the manufacture of "breakaway" wooden props such as tables and chairs that are designed to be broken as part of theatre, movie, and television productions. The fifth and sixth generations of the Chevrolet Corvette had floor pans composed of balsa sandwiched between sheets of carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

Norwegian scientist and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl , convinced that early contact between the peoples of South America and Polynesia was possible, built the raft Kon Tiki from balsa logs, and upon it his crew and he sailed the Pacific Ocean from Peru to the Polynesian Tuamotu Archipelago in However, the Kon Tiki logs were not seasoned and owed much of their rather slight buoyancy to the fact that their sap was of lower density than sea water.

This serendipitously may have saved the expedition, because it prevented the seawater from waterlogging the wood and sinking the raft.

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