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The ITU phonetic alphabet and figure code is a variant. To create the alphabet, letter with j in it radio International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO assigned codewords acrophonically to the letters of the English alphabetso that letters and numbers would have distinct names that would be most easily understood by those ti exchange voice messages by radio or telephone, regardless of language differences or the quality of the communication channel.

Strict adherence to the prescribed spelling words—including the apparently misspelled "Alfa" and "Juliett"—is required in order to avoid the problems of confusion letter with j in it radio the spelling letter with j in it radio is designed to overcome. A NATO memo stated that:. It is known that [the ICAO spelling alphabet] has been prepared only after the most exhaustive tests letter with j in it radio a scientific basis by several nations.

One of the firmest conclusions reached was that it was not practical to make an isolated change to clear confusion between one pair of letters. Letter with j in it radio change one word involves reconsideration of the whole alphabet to ensure that the change proposed to clear one confusion does not itself introduce others.

The same alphabetic code words are used by all agencies, but each agency chooses one of two different qith letter with j in it radio numeric code words. In practice these are used very rarely, as they frequently result in confusion between speakers of different languages.

A spelling alphabet is used to spell parts of a message containing letters and numbers to avoid confusion, lrtter many letters sound similar, for instance "n" and "m" or "f" and "s"; the potential for confusion increases if static or other interference is present.

For instance the message "proceed to map grid DH98" could be transmitted as "proceed to map grid Delta-Hotel-Niner-Ait". The unusual pronunciation of certain numbers was designed to reduce confusion as well. In addition to the traditional military usage, civilian industry uses the alphabet to avoid similar m in the transmission of messages by telephone systems.

For example, it is often used in the retail industry where customer or site details are spoken by telephone to authorize a credit agreement or confirm stock codesalthough ad-hoc coding is often used in that instance.

It has been used often by information technology workers to communicate serial or reference codes which are often very long or other specialised information by voice. Most major airlines use lettter alphabet to communicate passenger name records PNRs internally, and in some cases, with customers. It is often used in a medical context as well, to avoid confusion when transmitting information. During the Vietnam Warthe U. The final choice of code words for the letters of the alphabet and for the digits was made letter with j in it radio hundreds of thousands of comprehension tests involving letter with j in it radio nationalities.

The qualifying feature was the likelihood of a code word being understood in the context of others. For example, football has a higher chance of being understood than foxtrot in isolation, but foxtrot is superior in extended communication.

The pronunciation of the code words varies according to the language habits of the speaker. To eliminate wide variations in pronunciation, recordings and posters illustrating the pronunciation desired by the ICAO are available.

Also, although all codes for the letters of the alphabet are English words, they are not in general given English pronunciations. Pronunciations are somewhat uncertain because the agencies, while ostensibly using the same pronunciations, give different transcriptions, which are often inconsistent from letter to letter.

Numbers 10—99 are spelled out Words With Letter Jigsaw 57 that is, 17 is spoken "one seven" and 60 is spoken "six zero"while for hundreds and thousands the English words hundred and thousand are used. The pronunciation of the digits 3, 4, 5, and 9 differs from standard Wjth — being pronounced treefowerfifeand niner. The digit 3 is specified as tree so that it is not pronounced sri ; the long pronunciation of 4 still found in some English dialects keeps it somewhat distinct from for ; 5 is pronounced with a second "f" because the normal pronunciation with a "v" is easily confused with "fire" a command to shoot ; and 9 has an extra syllable to keep it distinct from German nein 'no'.

Both the Lettet and respelled pronunciations were developed by the ICAO before with advice from the governments of both the United States and United Kingdom, [16] so the pronunciations of both General American English and British Received Pronunciation are evident, especially in the rhotic and non-rhotic accents.

Prior to World War I and the development and widespread adoption of two-way radio that supported voice, telephone spelling alphabets were developed to improve communication on low-quality and long-distance telephone circuits. The experience lehter with that alphabet resulted in several changes being made during by the ITU.

Throughout World War II, many nations used their own versions of a spelling alphabet. The U. At least two of the terms are sometimes still used by UK civilians to spell words over the phone, namely F for Freddie and S for Sugar.

To enable the U. The CCB alphabet itself was based on the U. Army Field Manuals in the series. Several of these documents had revisions, and were renamed. Major F. Handy, directorate of Communications in the Army Air Force and a member of the working committee of the Combined Communications Boardenlisted the help of Harvard University's Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory, asking them to determine the most successful word for each letter when using "military letter with j in it radio in the intense noise encountered in modern warfare.

According to a report on the subject:. The results showed that letter with j in it radio of the words in the military lists had a low level of intelligibility, but that most of letter with j in it radio deficiencies raeio be remedied by the judicious selection of words from the commercial codes and those tested by the laboratory. In a few instances where none of the words could be regarded as especially satisfactory, it was believed possible to discover suitable replacements.

Other words were tested and the most intelligible ones were compared with the more desirable lists. After World War II, with many aircraft and ground personnel from the allied armed forces, "Able Baker" was officially adopted for use raido international aviation. But many sounds were unique to English, so an alternative "Ana Brazil" alphabet was used in Latin America. After further study and modification by each approving body, the revised alphabet was adopted on 1 Novemberto become effective on 1 April for civil aviation but it may not have been adopted by any military.

Problems were soon found with this list. Some users believed that they were so severe that they reverted to the old "Able Baker" alphabet. Confusion among words like Delta and Extraand between Nectar and Victoror the unintelligibility of other words during poor receiving conditions lteter the main problems.

Later in dadio, ICAO decided to revisit the alphabet and their research. To identify the deficiencies of the new alphabet, testing was conducted among speakers from 31 nations, principally by the governments of the United Kingdom and the United States.

Among the more interesting of the research findings was that "higher noise levels do not create confusion, but do intensify those confusions already inherent between the words in question". By early the ICAO was nearly complete with this research, and published the new official phonetic alphabet in order to account for discrepancies that might arise in communications as a result of multiple alphabet naming systems coexisting in different places and organizations.

Air Force research. After all of the above study, only the five words representing the letters C, M, N, U, and X were replaced. It was finally adopted by the IMO in In the official version of the alphabet, [1] the non-English spellings Alfa and Juliett are used. Alfa is spelled with an f as it is in most European languages because the English and French spelling alpha would not be pronounced properly by native speakers of some other languages — who may not know that ph should be pronounced as f.

Juliett is spelled with a tt for French speakers, because they may otherwise treat a single final t as silent. Some published versions incorrectly list "alpha" and "juliet" — presumably because of the use of spell checker software — but those spellings are never correct and should be changed back lettr "alfa" and "juliett" wherever such mistakes are found.

For the and phonetics, each transmission of figures is preceded and followed by the words "as a number" spoken twice. The ITU adopted the Itt Maritime Organization 's phonetic spelling alphabet in[51] and in specified that it be "for application in the maritime mobile service only". Pronunciation was not defined prior to For the — present phonetics, the underlined syllable of each letter word should be emphasized, and each syllable of the code words for the figures — present should be equally emphasized.

The Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet is used by the International Civil Aviation Organization for international aircraft communications. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is the latest accepted revisionreviewed on 22 March Not to be confused with International Phonetic Alphabet or Phoenician alphabet.

ICAO spelling alphabet. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. International Civil Aviation Organization. Archived from the original on 20 June Retrieved 2 July Archived PDF from the original on wifh April National Communications System. Archived from the original on 11 November Retrieved 11 November Archived PDF from the original on 3 October Wiyh from the original on 6 March Retrieved 22 August Archived from the original on 12 February Retrieved 23 January Archived from the original PDF on 7 November Retrieved letter with j in it radio October Federal Aviation Administration.

Archived PDF from the original on 21 October Retrieved 30 October Archived from the eltter on 22 August Retrieved 11 August Archived letter with j in it radio the original on 16 May Indiana University. Archived from the original on 7 May Retrieved 7 May Archived from the original on 26 June October Archived PDF from the original on 31 March

RADIO OPERATORS ALPHABET. RADIO OPERATORS ALPHABET. Sometimes Radio transmissions can cause some kinds of speech to be unclear, that is the pronunciation of some letters when spoken on the radio can be garbled or mistaken for other letters. The reason for this is the bandwidth restrictions imposed by the transmission system itself. LETTER J IN RADIO COMMS 'LETTER J IN RADIO COMMS' is a 19 letter phrase starting with L and ending with S Crossword clues for 'LETTER J IN RADIO COMMS'. The radio phonetic alphabet or spelling alphabet is a set of words that are used to stand for the letters of an alphabet. The words in the phonetic alphabet are used to represent the name of the letter with which it starts - this is actually called acrophony.

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