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Joinery is a part of woodworking that involves joining together pieces of wood or lumber, to produce more complex items. Some wood joints employ fasteners, bindings, or adhesives, while others use only wood elements.

The characteristics of wooden joints - strength, flexibility, toughness, appearance, etc. Therefore, different joinery techniques are used to meet differing requirements. For example, the joinery used to construct a house can be different from that used to make puzzle toys, although some concepts overlap.

In British English usage it is distinguished from carpentry which relates to structural timber work. Many wood joinery techniques either depend upon or compensate for the fact that wood is anisotropic : its material properties are different along different dimensions. This must be taken into account when joining wood parts together, otherwise the joint is destined to fail. Gluing boards with the grain running perpendicular to each carpenter wood joint knowledge university is often the reason for split boards, or broken joints.

Furniture from the 18th century, while made by master craftsmen, did not take this into account. The result is this masterful work suffers from broken bracket feet, which was often attached with a glue block which ran perpendicular to the base pieces.

The glue blocks were fastened with both glue and nails, resulting in unequal expansion and contraction between the pieces. This was also the cause of splitting of wide boards, which were commonly Handy Woodworking Projects University used during that period. In modern woodworking it is even more critical, as heating and air conditioning cause major changes in the moisture content of the wood.

All woodworking joints must take these changes into account, and allow for the resulting Wood Furniture Carpenter Job Lyrics movement. Wood is stronger when stressed along the grain longitudinally than it is when stressed across the grain radially and tangentially. Wood is a natural composite material; parallel strands of cellulose fibers are held together by a Carpenter Wood Near Me Now lignin binder.

These long chains of fibers make the wood carpenter wood joint knowledge university strong by resisting stress and spreading the load over the length of the board. Furthermore, cellulose is tougher than lignin, a fact demonstrated by the relative ease with which wood can be split along the grain compared to across it. Different species of wood have different strength levels, and carpenter wood joint knowledge university exact strength may vary from sample to sample.

Timber expands and contracts in response to humidityusually much less so longitudinally than in the radial and tangential directions. As tracheophytestrees have lignified tissues which transport resources such as water, minerals and carpenter wood joint knowledge university products up and down the plant.

While lumber from a harvested tree is no longer alive, these tissues still absorb and expel water causing swelling and shrinkage of the wood in kind with change in humidity. Many traditional wood joinery techniques use the distinctive material properties of wood carpenter wood joint knowledge university, often without resorting to mechanical fasteners or adhesives. While every culture in which pieces of wood are joined together to make furniture or structures has a joinery tradition, wood joinery techniques have been especially well-documented, and are celebrated, in the Indian, ChineseEuropean, and Japanese traditions.

Because of the physical existence of Indian and Egyptian examples, we know that furniture from the first several carpenter wood joint knowledge university show the use of complex joints, like the Dovetail, over 5, years ago. This tradition continued to carpenter wood joint knowledge university later Western styles. The 18th-century writer Diderot included over 90 detailed illustrations of wood joints in his comprehensive encyclopedia.

The Japanese and Chinese traditions in particular required the use of hundreds of types of joints. The reason was that nails and glues used did not stand up well to the vastly fluctuating temperatures and humid weather conditions in most of Central and South-East Asia. Methods that are not considered traditional joinery have come about in modern times, largely to attempt Free Woodworking Plans Garden Bench University to simplify the job of the woodworker for various reasons.

These include biscuit joints and pocket hole joinery. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 28 October Retrieved 5 May Antique Trader. Carpenter wood joint knowledge university from the original carpenter wood joint knowledge university Retrieved Retrieved 1 April This article includes a list of general referencesbut it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations.

Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. February Learn how and when to remove this template message. History Glossary Wood lumber. Frame and panel Frameless construction. Category WikiProject Commons. Categories : Joinery Woodworking Timber framing. Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles lacking in-text citations from February All articles lacking in-text citations Commons category link from Wikidata.

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Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. The end of a piece of wood is butted against another piece of wood. This is the simplest and weakest joint. Of those, there is the carpenter wood joint knowledge university T-butt, b end-to-end butt, c Miter butt and d edge-to-edge butt. The end of a piece of wood is laid over and connected to another piece of wood.

Due to a large surface area of long-grain to long-grain wood and glue surface carpenter wood joint knowledge university, this is a very strong joint. Also known as open tenon, open mortise and tenon, or tongue and fork joints, this joint is where the through mortise is open on one side and forms a fork shape.

The mate has a through tenon or necked joint. Bridle joints are commonly used to join rafter tops, also used in scarf joints and sometimes sill corner joints in timber framing. This is reinforced with dowel pins. This joint is quick to make with production line machinery and so is a very common joint in factory-made furniture. A threaded metal dowel is inserted into a drilled slot.

A screw is then inserted through an opposing slot and tightened to create a pull effect. This type of join is a very common joint in factory-made furniture. Also called a housing joint or trench jointa slot is cut across the grain in one piece for another piece to sit in; shelves on a bookshelf having slots cut into the sides of the shelf, for example. Like the dado joint, except that the slot carpenter wood joint knowledge university cut carpenter wood joint knowledge university the grain.

Sometimes referred to interchangeably with the dado joint. Each piece has a groove cut all along one edge, and a thin, deep ridge the tongue on the opposite edge. If the tongue is unattached, it is considered a spline joint. A stub the tenon will fit tightly into a hole cut for it the mortise. This is a hallmark of Mission Style furnitureand also the traditional method of jointing frame and panel members in doors, windows, and cabinets.

This joint is a good strong joint to carpenter wood joint knowledge university. Also called a bird's beak cutthis joint used in roof construction. A V-shaped cut in the rafter connects the rafter to the wall-plate. A joint in which the two members are joined by removing material from each at the point of intersection so that they overlap.

Wood panels stitched together, usually with copper wire, and glued together with epoxy resin. Also known as scallop and dowel, scallop and peg, [4] pin and cove, pin and scallop, or half moon. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Woodworking joints.

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