There is now significant evidence that such sharing can drive a high return on investment for the scientific community. By: Terri Williams Contributor. Start a Wiki. Open source hardware gives people the freedom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce through the open exchange of designs. If a piece of open hardware incorporates software of any kind, then that software should generally be released under an approved open source license.

Traversal benefited by having less financial risk associated with producing the graphics chip and the open source community benefited by having hardware available at reduced or no cost for developers who could contribute further to the project McNamara a. As part of its role in supporting groups of amateurs working on digital communications projects, TAPR offers help in turning concepts into reproducible designs and making them available as kits or finished products to others.

In , TAPR began working with one such group, which was developing high performance software defined radio products and wanted to contribute their free time and expertise to the ham radio community Ackermann She consulted with her Creative Commons advisor, John Wiibanks, with whom she had several discussions about how to launch, run, and protect open source hardware enterprises.

Together they decided to hold a workshop to share the questions and possible solutions they had been debating with other open-hardware developers. The Opening Hardware workshop took place at Eyebeam in NYC on March Eyebeam and coincided with a major Arduino meeting which had brought several stakeholders to the city.

Also in early , Peter Semmelhack, founder of Bug Labs a company that produces an open source modular system for building devices , approached Alicia Gibb and asked her if it would make sense to hold a meeting about open source hardware:. Peter asked if I thought a bunch of people would want to come together and hear all the issues and complications of manufacturing open source hardware and doing business as an open hardware company.

He was thinking 20 people and I told him we could get , it would be an entire conference. And so I started planning the Summit — but it was only on the sides of manufacturing and business, when Ayah and I later joined forces, she brought the legal Open Source Iot Hardware Platform side to the Summit.

On Jan. Gibb, Pers. The summit took place in NYC on September 23rd of the same year. The second edition of the Open Hardware Summit, chaired by Gibb and Bdeir, had attendees and 22 speakers plus breakout sessions and demos.

As the open source hardware practice and community continued to grow, so did the event. Its edition, chaired by Catarina Mota and Dustyn Roberts, saw close to attendees and 42 speakers. Topics covered at the conference ranged from electronics, 3D printers and airplanes to biomedical devices, neuroscience, and fashion.

In the meantime, a group of stakeholders had continued to iterate the Open Source Hardware Definition, with significant contributions from David Mellis and Windell Oskay, and made version 0.

Through feedback and contributions from the public, over a period of several months, the definition continued to be discussed and refined. The Open Source Hardware Definition 1. A long discussion ensued not just on the topic of the logo, but also on the status of the definition and the need for higher cohesion amongst open source hardware stakeholders.

It was also decided to hold a design competition for the logo. The competition received submissions, from which 10 were selected, by a group of stakeholders invited by Bdeir, and put up for public vote. The first open source hardware developer to apply this community mark on a product was Parallax and it has since been used on an increasing number of projects and products.

Later that year, they published their plans for an OSHW collection of hardware modules for controls and data acquisition in particle accelerators, in collaboration with other institutes and commercial companies. Open Hardware vs. Open Source Hardware Only a few days after the Open Hardware Summit, and in the midst of several heated debates 4 on licenses and what constitutes open source hardware, Bruce Perens abandoned the concerted efforts of those involved in the summit and the OSHW Definition.

Thus, openhardware. And oshwa. OSHWA As the Summit came to a close, it became apparent that an organization was needed to house the Summit websites, financials, and general business.

Gibb held a meeting at NYC Resistor and brought in several open source hardware companies to determine whether a business league or an educational non-profit would be more appropriate. Together the group chose a c 3 educational non-profit and in the interest of the community, the role of OSHWA was expanded to take on other activities in open source hardware, such as housing the definition in multiple languages, providing information about standards, assisting the setup of international branches, educating the general public on what open source hardware is, collecting and publishing metrics on the movement, and encouraging projects to be open for the areas of education and economic development.

The organization is intended to be built for the community by the community with a rotation of board members and leaders every two years. The first task of OSHWA aside from setting up the infrastructure of the organization, was defending the open source hardware community mark also know as the OSHW or gear logo , previously selected by community vote.

It encourages programmers to use any license that allows for the free modification, redistribution and use of software, and hardware developers to distribute documentation that will allow device drivers to be written for their product.

Even though several people chimed in, the most vocal participants on the discussion were Phillip Torrone and Bruce Perens. References Ackermann, J. Ayass, M. Bdeir, A. Open Hardware Definition 1. Open Hardware Summit.

Benjegerdes, T. Open Source Hardware Page. Freedom Defined. Open Source Hardware Definition. OSHW older drafts. Freeman, D. Jones, D. Promoting Open Hardware. Lamberts, R. Open Design Circuits. McNamara, P. Why Open Hardware? They can add features or fix bugs in the software. They can even modify the physical design of the object itself and, if they wish, proceed to share such modifications.

Open hardware's source code should be readily accessible, and its components are preferably easy for anyone to obtain. Essentially, open hardware eliminates common roadblocks to the design and manufacture of physical goods; it provides Open Source Zigbee Hardware Not Work as many people as possible the ability to construct, remix, and share their knowledge of hardware design and function. Open source hardware licenses generally permit recipients of the designs and documentations to study them, redistribute and modify them, and then to distribute any modifications.

Additionally, open hardware licenses don't prevent someone from giving away or even selling the project's documentation. Like software, hardware designs and inventions are subject to copyright and patent law. And like open source software, open source hardware uses these intellectual property laws creatively to make hardware designs publicly accessible. Because of their similarity to open source software projects, many open hardware projects simply use existing free and open source software licenses when licensing their works.

Others use the Creative Commons By Attribution licenses , which are more focused on the features of works of art, as opposed to software. Both copyright law in the case of source Open Source Ultrasound Hardware Year code and design documentation and patent law in the case of design processes and material technologies apply to open hardware.

Trademark law is also pertinent to the branding names and logos of open hardware. All open hardware must be accompanied by documentation, including design files and source code. In addition, the license governing the reproduction of open hardware must allow modification and distribution of those design files in a way that allows others to easily obtain them. This makes possible—and even encourages—studying, troubleshooting, modifying, and improving open hardware.

If a piece of open hardware incorporates software of any kind, then that software should generally be released under an approved open source license. Alternatively, the open hardware's interfaces should be documented in a way that makes writing open source software for the hardware as easy as possible.

Essentially, open hardware is all about making the object as easy to remix and reproduce as possible. Closed hardware uses obfuscation and patent law to make the recreation of the objects as difficult as possible, usually to ensure vendor lock-in in a supply line that doesn't involve hobbyists and makers or other competitors.

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