Old Romanian alphabet. This version of the Latin alphabet was used during the transition from the Cyrillic to the Latin alphabets. It is still used, though mostly in church writings. Cyrillic alphabet for Romanian (16th century - ). Modern Romanian alphabet (Alfabetul limbii române). Hear how to pronounce Romanian: Romanian pronunciation.  Romanian is one of the few languages that uses the letters s and t with a comma below (ș, ț). Using a cedilla instead (ş, ţ) is considered incorrect by the Romanian Academy. Download alphabet charts for Romanian (Excel). Sample text in Romanian.  List Price: $ You save: 15%. The modern Russian alphabet (русский алфавит, transliteration: russkiy alfavit) is a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet and contains 33 letters. Alphabet. The Russian alphabet is as follows: Capital. Small. Handwriting. Name.  g in genre, s in pleasure, j in Jean-Jacques or zh in Dr Zhivago (voiced retroflex fricative). - u+ / u+ З. з. зэ [zɛ]. земля [zʲɪˈmlʲa]. /z/ or/zʲ/. The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Romanian language. It is a modification of the classical Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters, five of which (Ă, Â, Î, Ș, and Ț) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language: The letters Q (chiu), W (dublu v), and Y (igrec or i grec) were formally introduced in the Romanian alphabet in , although they had been used earlier. They occur only in foreign words and their.

Egyptian hieroglyphs 32 c. The Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language and its extensions used to write modern languages.

The term Latin alphabet may refer to either the alphabet used to write Latin as described in this article or other alphabets based on the Latin scriptwhich is the basic set of letters common to the various alphabets descended from the classical Latin alphabet, such as the English alphabet. These Latin-script alphabets may discard letters, like the Rotokas alphabetor add new letters, like the Danish and Norwegian alphabets. Letter shapes have evolved over the centuries, including the development in Medieval Latin of lower-caseforms which did not exist in the Classical period alphabet.

Due to its use in writing Germanic, Romance and other languages first in Europe and then in other parts of the world and due to its use in Romanizing writing of other languages, it has become widespread see Latin script. It is also used officially in Asian countries such as China separate from its ideographic writingMalaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam, and has been adopted by Baltic and some Slavic states.

The Latin alphabet evolved from the visually similar Etruscan alphabetwhich evolved from the Cumaean Greek version of the Greek alphabetwhich was itself descended from the Phoenician alphabetwhich in turn derived from Egyptian hieroglyphics. During the Middle Agesthe Latin alphabet was used sometimes with modifications for writing Romance languageswhich are direct descendants of Latinas well as CelticGermanicBaltic and some Slavic languages. With the age of colonialism and Christian evangelismthe Latin script spread beyond Europecoming into use for writing indigenous AmericanAustralianAustronesianAustroasiatic and African languages.

More recently, linguists have also tended to prefer the Latin script or the International Phonetic Alphabet itself largely based on the Latin script when transcribing or creating written standards for non-European languages, such as the African reference alphabet.

Although it does not seem that classical Latin used diacritics accents etc[ disputed — discuss ] modern English is the only major modern language of European origin that does not have any for native words. Although Latin did not use diacritical signs, signs of truncation of words, often placed above the truncated word or at the end of it, were very common. Furthermore, abbreviations or smaller overlapping letters were often used.

This was due to the fact that if the text was engraved on the stone, the number of letters to be written was reduced, while if it was written on paper or parchment, it was spared the space, which was very precious. This habit continued Letter J In Roman Alphabet Writing even in the Middle Ages. Hundreds of symbols and abbreviations exist, varying from century to century. It is generally believed that the Latin alphabet used by the Romans was derived from the Old Italic alphabet used by the Etruscans.

Latin included 21 different characters. An attempt by letter j in roman alphabet 80 emperor Claudius to introduce three additional letters did not last. Thus it was letter j in roman alphabet 80 the classical Latin period that the Latin alphabet contained 23 letters:.

This scheme letter j in roman alphabet 80 continued to be used by most modern European languages that have adopted the Latin alphabet. For the Latin sounds represented by the various letters see Latin spelling and pronunciation ; for the names of the letters in English see English alphabet. Diacritics were not regularly used, but they did occur sometimes, the most common being the apex used to mark long vowelswhich had previously sometimes been written doubled.

The letter j in roman alphabet 80 mark of punctuation was the interpunctwhich was used as a word dividerthough it fell out of use after AD. Old Roman cursive script, also called majuscule cursive and capitalis cursive, was the everyday form of handwriting used for writing letters, by merchants writing business accounts, by schoolchildren learning the Latin alphabet, and even emperors issuing commands. A more formal style of writing was based on Roman square capitalsbut cursive was used for quicker, informal writing.

It was most commonly used from about the 1st century BC to the 3rd century, but it probably existed earlier than that. It led to Unciala majuscule script commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes.

This script evolved into the medieval scripts known as Merovingian and Carolingian minuscule. Prior to that, the former had been merely allographs of the latter.

With the fragmentation of political power, the style of writing changed letter j in roman alphabet 80 varied greatly throughout the Middle Ages, even after the invention of the printing press.

Letter j in roman alphabet 80 languages that use the Latin script generally use capital letters to begin paragraphs and sentences and proper nouns. The rules for capitalization have changed over time, and different languages have varied in their rules for capitalization. Old Englishfor example, was rarely written with even proper nouns capitalized, whereas Modern English writers and printers of the 17th and 18th century frequently capitalized most and sometimes all nouns, [7] which is still systematically done in Modern Germane.

The Latin alphabet spread, along with the Latin languagefrom the Italian Peninsula to the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea with the expansion of the Roman Empire. The eastern half of the Empireincluding GreeceAnatoliathe Levantand Egyptcontinued to use Greek as a lingua francabut Latin was widely spoken in the western halfand as the western Romance languages evolved out of Latin, they continued to use and adapt the Latin alphabet.

With the spread of Western Christianity during the Middle Agesthe script was gradually adopted by the peoples of northern Europe who spoke Celtic languages displacing the Ogham alphabet or Germanic languages displacing earlier Runic alphabetsBaltic languagesas well as by the speakers of several Uralic languagesmost notably HungarianFinnish and Estonian. The Latin alphabet came into use for writing the West Slavic languages and several South Slavic languagesas the people who spoke them adopted Roman Catholicism.

Later, it was adopted by non-Catholic countries. Romanianmost of whose speakers are Orthodoxwas the first major language to switch from Cyrillic to Latin script, doing so in the 19th century, although Moldova only did so after the Soviet collapse. It has also been increasingly adopted by Turkic-speaking countries, beginning with Turkey in the s.

The government of Kazakhstan announced in that the Latin alphabet would replace Cyrillic as the writing system for the Kazakh language by The spread of the Latin alphabet among previously illiterate peoples has inspired the creation of new writing systems, such as the Avoiuli alphabet in Vanuatuwhich replaces the letters of the Latin alphabet with alternative symbols. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the alphabet used to write the Latin language.

For modern alphabets derived from it used in other languages and applications, see Latin script and Latin-script alphabet. Alphabet used to write the Latin language.

It has been suggested that Latin script be merged into this article. Discuss Proposed letter j in roman alphabet 80 October Numerous Latin alphabets ; also more divergent derivations such as Osage.

Unicode range. History of the alphabet. BCE Hieratic 32 c. BCE Demotic 7 c. BCE Meroitic 3 c. BCE Proto-Sinaitic 19 c. BCE Ugaritic 15 c. BCE Phoenician 12 letter j in roman alphabet 80. BCE Paleo-Hebrew 10 c. BCE Samaritan 6 c. BCE Libyco-Berber 3 c. BCE Tifinagh Paleohispanic semi-syllabic 7 c. BCE Aramaic 8 c. BCE Kharosthi 3 letter j in roman alphabet 80. BCE Brahmi 3 c.

BCE Brahmic family see E. Tibetan 7 c. CE Devanagari 10 c. CE Canadian syllabics Hebrew 3 c. BCE Avestan 4 c. CE Palmyrene 2 letter j in roman alphabet 80. BCE Nabataean 2 c.

BCE Arabic 4 letter j in roman alphabet 80. BCE Sogdian 2 c. BCE Orkhon old Turkic 6 c. CE Old Hungarian c. CE Greek 8 c. BCE Etruscan 8 c. BCE Latin 7 c. BCE Cherokee syllabary; letter letter j in roman alphabet 80 only c. CE Ogham origin uncertain 4 c. CE Coptic 3 c. CE Gothic 3 c. CE derived from Brahmi numerals. Main article: History of the Latin script. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.

Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. July Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main article: Spread of the Latin script. HowardTransnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies. The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 16 December Dizionario di Abbreviature Latine ed Italiane. Milano: Editore Ulrico Hoepli. ISBN Oxford Etymologist. Oxford University Press.

Subsequently, in the Latin alphabet the letter J was developed as a variant of I, and this distinction was later used to distinguish the consonantal "y" sound [j] from the vocalic "i" sound [i]. However, at about the same time there was a sound change in many of the languages of Western Europe, such that the "y" sound changed into a "j" sound. Roman Numerals Chart. List of Roman numerals / numbers from 1 to I=1, V=5, X=10, L=50, C= Your question is: Who invented the letter J? I will briefly introduce the history of the letter J. Before we start, I would like to recommend a very interesting book on the history of all the 26 letters in the English alphabet. Letter Perfect: the.

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