Here are the basic wood joints and when to use each.  The half-lap joint is where half of each of the two boards being joined is removed so that the two boards join together flush with one another. This type of wood joinery can obviously weaken the strength of the two adjoining boards, but also is a stronger joint than butt joints. There are a number of projects where this type of wood joint is quite desirable, in spite of its drawbacks. 04 of Tongue and Groove Joint.  At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page. These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data. List of Partners (vendors). Categories of this canvas, poster from Carpenter Knowledge, Various Tools Used In Carpentry, Wood Joints, Drill Bit Guide. Canvas and Poster have many different sizes, they are designed according to trends and holidays. POSTER Materials: Versatile and affordable poster delivers sharp, clean images with stunning color and vibrancy. Care: Wipe clean with a napkin. Packaging: Rolled in a tube. Description: Poster No Frame High quality resin-coated photo base paper Satin photo finish, maximum color gamut, dmax, and image resolution Heavy weight ( gsm); 9 mil base Ships in protective tube Lasts 95 years inside. 5 years in direct sunlight Description: Canvas INCHES Abrasion.  The estimated delivery date is based on your purchase date, the recipient's location (actual or inferred), the seller's processing time and location, and the shipping carrier. Other factors—such as shipping carrier delays or placing an order on weekend/holiday—may push the arrival of your item beyond this date. Otherwise known as chipboard is carpenter wood joint knowledge vertical poster time of lots of bits glued and compressed together. The notch depth will vary, depending on the project. Cuts are made in two pieces of timber that are being joined together. If the rafters are long, they may have joists at the bottom to keep the bottoms from spreading, and collars bolted higher up to do the same job. As long as it won't be seen from the face or will get covered by something else. Laminate flooring has been hugely popular over the last few years especially with landlords and parents and is marketed as something anyone can fit as an easy DIY project. The bubble should be centered in the tube.

A plumb bob is simply a weight on a string, which uses gravity to indicate a straight vertical line. It's a cousin to the aforementioned spirit level. A spirit level uses a bubble in a fluid-filled tube to indicate when a surface is level. The bubble should be centered in the tube. This is a simple way of joining wood.

A slightly oversimplified explanation is that this joint fits a square peg sometimes called a "tongue" into a square hole.

Mortar is used in bricklaying, which is a field "adjacent" to carpentry, but not carpentry itself. Fun fact: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill enjoyed bricklaying, which he considered a relaxing pastime.

A transom is often a decorative glass window over a door. In years past, more of them opened, which is why old-fashioned detective stories have a PI listening through, or peeking over, a transom. This differentiates them from interior doors. Interior doors are lighter in weight, and usually only need two hinges. Joining is a kind of carpentry that involves connecting smaller pieces.

It tends to be more decorative than overall carpentry. After "journeyman" comes "master. Don't confuse a modular home with a mobile home, though they can look alike. A modular home is built to different standards, and some of them can be quite stylish, in a minimalist way.

Flashing might run around chimneys, or between rain gutters and the rest of the roof. It's a fairly sexy name for such a basic, workhorse element of construction. Carpentry is most associated with the making of buildings. But traditionally, carpenters also built carts, carriages and ships -- according to the gospels, Jesus was not just a carpenter, but specifically a builder of ships.

Nowadays, with more construction involving metals and synthetic substances, carpenters are turning to specialty areas like fine furniture. Kind of a poetic term, isn't it?

Likewise, the highest point of a sloping roof is called a "ridge. You'd most commonly find these under doors and windows. We're also sorrynotsorry about "differently-abled"-- a little political-correctness humor never killed anyone. Click above for more tips on fitting architraves and areas of their use. Architrave blocks are decorative mouldings that can be installed in place of a mitred corner when installing architraves.

They can also be used elsewhere to enhance your trim carpentry work, click the link above to see a few examples. Pointed instrument with a handle useful for starting nails or screws or positions when setting out a project.

Barge boards are those attached to the outer common rafters on a gable roof. Where they meet with the fascia and Soffit boards a box end is formed. A decorative molding used either for the enhancement of detail or to cover a join between two surfaces like plaster and timber for example. Pegs which are placed into holes in the workbench that work with the vise to hold wide material firmly in place. Tool with a cutter that protrudes from the face when pushed up against timber and cuts a small oval slot.

Cuts are made in two pieces of timber that are being joined together. An oval shaped timber disk biscuit can then be glued and inserted in the slots where it swells to form a tight bond. Quite often during finishing or trim carpentry and when fitting fascias for example angles need to 'bisected', or halved.

Go to the bisect an angle page for more information. A small plane designed primarily for cutting across end grain, but useful for many other applications see also hand plane. A hand drill with a cranked shape handle with a flat knob on the end, special auger bits with a square tapered shank fit into a two jaw chuck.

They are good for drilling various masonry materials. Also a stop chamfer, that stops and starts a distance in from the end. Go to the page about Skirting to see chamfered skirting boards being fitted.

The chuck will hold a drill bit or router cutter that will be spinning in the tool. Is a portable handheld powered saw great for everything from cutting intricate cabinetry work, ripping down timber, cross cutting and even cutting a whole roof! A collar beam is a type of roof timber that is used to stop the rafters from spreading. Fixed horizontally to rom the bottom of a triangle, with a seat cut angle cut on each end, it is usually bolted for strength.

If the rafters are long, they may have joists at the bottom to keep the bottoms from spreading, and collars bolted higher up to do the same job. Another type of chuck that Routers use. A combination square is a hand tool used for setting out and marking the work-piece. A square with an adjustable ruler that can mark both 90 and 45 degree angles see also 'square'.

An adjustable setting out tool used for drawing circles and Scribing timber to irregular surfaces. Consisting of two legs joined at a pivot hinge, one has a point the other holds a pencil.

A common place to find a compound angle or cut is a jack or creeper rafter that is used for a hip roof. When timber is cut at two angles, one to the face and one to the edge it is referred to as a compound miter. A drill bit that bores a pointed hole allowing a screw head to sit flush inside the face of the material, or below the surface so it can be plugged with filler or a wooden pellet and decorated over.

Helps to avoid splitting the timber when fixing. Happens when the edges of the board bend with the grain, away from the center to form a concave shape. Keeping timber dry stacked properly helps to avoid this problem.

Decorative molding found mainly in period style buildings. Runs around the room around a metre off the floor. A right angle joint where the fingers are shaped like a doves tail.

Can be cut by hand or with a dovetail jig and router. Used commonly on furniture and drawers for example. A straight round wooden peg used to align and hold timber together in a mortice and tenon joint, 'drawer dowels'. Used commonly on staircase to hold newel posts to stair strings.

Surface of finished timber that will be most visible, you tend to work and set out measurements from the face. Fascia and soffit boards are those attached to the bottom of the roof structure to form the eaves and to fix the gutters too. Featherboard Pieces of wood with fingers used to press material being machined against a fence and or down against the table.

Adjustable straight guide used on table saw or router table for example to push the material against in order to maintain a parallel cut to the blade or cutter.

Substance used to fill nail holes or irregularities in the surface of material before applying a finishing coat. Tapered square fingers used to join material length ways, often used in manufacturing moulding to join short lengths together and minimise waste. After the framing carpenters and the plasterers have done their bit and the finish or trim carpentry work can start.

All the jobs that will be seen by the client from doors to kitchens fall under trim carpentry. Click above for more info and step by step guides. The floor to floor is another term used to describe the total rise of a staircase. Divided by the number of 'risers' will give you the total height of each step on the staircase.

The floor to floor measurement is a directly vertical measurement from one floor to another, which you can see a diagram of at the staircase page.

When two adjoining surfaces are joined perfectly flat to each other they are flush. Otherwise one is 'proud' and the other 'shy'. Structural carpentry work like timber framed houses, walls, roofing and floor joists for example all fall under framing carpentry. Type of drill bit that has a center spur and circular rims with cutting teeth that is used to cut clean flat bottomed holes. I use a 50mm forstner bit when drilling newel bases and installing newel posts.

The fibres of the wood and their direction are known as the grain. Some common terms you'll hear that refer to the grain and its direction are: 'Crosscut' - Cutting across the grain 'ripsaw' - Cuts in Carpenter Wood Joint Knowledge University line with the grain 'Against the grain' - For a smooth finish and to prevent tearing always plane or pare chisel in the same direction Carpenter Wood Joint Knowledge 201 as the grain, its the same principle as shaving your face!

The term 'Green' means fresh, and refers to timber that has not yet sufficiently dried. Green Oak, for example. If you hear the term 'grit' it could be in relation to either sandpaper or a sharpening oil stone. Typically the more 'grit' the finer the abrasiveness. Term used in staircase and roofing construction.

With stairs, the going means the total distance horizontally the staircase will travel. In roofing, the going is the total distance each rafter will travel, which normally equates to the total span minus the thickness of the ridge and then divided by two see also rafter lengths.

Hand planes are used for smoothing out and flattening the rough or uneven surface of timber, and reducing the thickness. When using a plane always go 'with the grain'. This is the same principal as shaving your face, planing against the grain can result in 'tearing' instead of cleanly cutting the timber. There are lots of different types of hand planes, click above for more information and tips on sharpening them. Hardboard is a strong, smooth sided and flexible sheet material also known as high density fibreboard.

Apart from using it as a sheet material it's also good for protecting new floors or work surfaces when work is being carried out around them.

Not necessarily referring to the hardness of the wood itself, hardwoods are not like softwoods which come from conifer trees. They are usually 'broad leaved' and deciduous. Typical examples commonly used in carpentry and joinery include Oak, Mahogany, Walnut, Teak and Idigbo. Commonly made of steel or brass, hinges are mechanical devices that allow two objects to pivot on each other.

Typically used on doors, windows, gates etc. Click here to go to a page with tips for fitting hinges. An I-beam is a type of steel used in construction. As a carpenter Carpenter Wood Joint Knowledge 04 you often need to fit timber into the 'web' of the steel to provide a fixing for sheet materials or as something to fix joists into. An aid used to clamp a work-piece or act as a guide when performing repeat cuts in manufacturing or assembling.

Common carpentry jigs available are worktop, hinge and letter-plate jigs. A jigsaw is a power tool that is fitted with a small straight blade that moves up and down in order to cut.

Can be used to cut circular and other intricate shapes. Click above for more information and tips on using jigsaws, or here for help choosing the right blades. Kick back occurs when a tool such as a table saw throws the work-piece back towards the operator.

It can happen because the timber pinches the blade or the person feeding the timber moves it in the wrong direction. Most tools these days are fitted with anti kickback devices. A heated chamber a bit like a large oven for drying timber. The air flow, temperature and humidity are controlled.

Knots are the roots of twigs and branches found in timber and are tougher than the rest of the wood for that reason. Man made Laminated materials are those made up of layers glued and joined together such as in beams, or sheet material like plywood. Laminate flooring has been hugely popular over the last few years especially with landlords and parents and is marketed as something anyone can fit as an easy DIY project.

Click above to go to a page with more information and fitting tips. A leading edge is most commonly found on doors. By planing the lock edge of the door at a slight angle more off the side that closes first you can achieve a tighter margin between the door and frame when in the closed position.

A leading edge may also refer to cutting a slight angle on a piece of timber that is tight to install so you can start it off in a gap before beating it in a little. Big business in the UK at the moment because many people are improving their homes instead of moving. Converting the attic into habitable space involves major structural alterations. Go to the loft conversion section for more information. Stands for medium density fiberboard.

Its a really versatile man made material and is available in a sheet form which is ideal for shelves, window boards and pipe boxings as well as pre-primed moldings such as skirting boards and architraves. A miter box is a device used to guide a hand saw at 45 degrees. A timber molding is a strip of material such as softwood or mdf with a decorative profile cut on the face edges.

Decorative moldings are most commonly used for fine finish and trim carpentry work see also finish carpentry. A normally square hole cut to allow a tenon to pass through and form a strong join between two pieces of timber. They are also installed in the walls at places where something will need to be securely fixed later on like radiators, kitchen units or a toilet cistern for example. You can see noggins in the diagram on the internal wall framing page.

Tongue and groove joints are typically used to install materials that will lie flat, such as hardwood on floors or beadboard on walls and porch ceilings. Each board features a tongue, or ridge, running along one side and an indented groove running along the other side.

Nails are inserted through the tongue, after which the grooved side of a second board is fitted over the tongue to conceal the nails. While DIY tongues and grooves can be crafted along the sides of flat boards using a table saw and a shaper, today virtually all hardwood flooring and beadboard comes with tongues and grooves already cut.

Your job will be to fit them together when it comes time to install. Best for: Hardwood flooring and beadboard installation. Pro tip: Install tongue and groove boards tightly against one another to prevent gaps. To do, tap the boards together with a rubber mallet as you install them or, in the case of hardwood flooring, by using a hardwood flooring nailer that sets the boards snugly together and neatly inserts nails at the same time.

Dovetail joints are found where the ends of two pieces of wood meet at a right angle, such as along the corners of drawer sides. The wedge-shaped assembly, which requires only glue and no other fasteners, is often a sign of quality workmanship.

Once crafted only by hand, most dovetails are cut today using a router. Best for: Assembling the sides of drawers or wood boxes and lids. Pro tip: If you plan to cut a lot of dovetails, invest in a dovetail jig for your router. Dovetail jigs are adjustable to let you cut sockets and tails that fit together perfectly. Disclosure: BobVila.

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