This can also be the development computer. I followed all the checking steps in the "Test Connection" page. There will be an Update X-Plane button if an update is available. Mac b software installation seems to be fixed Each time the computer runs through the program wixard advances the aircraft and recalculates the images that are seen cloud formations, scenery, aircraft instruments, how to open hardware wizard 8.3 aircraft, etc. The additional system requirements for VR are:. These customers serve as perhaps the most significant endorsement of the incredible capabilities of this simulator.

For Windows users, you can open the Start menu and type My Computer. With that in mind, developers have used Ubuntu X-Plane allows the use of any number of screens to depict anything you like. Many modern graphics cards or technology such as a video splitter like the Matrox TripleHead2Go can be used to drive multiple forward visuals with one machine. X-Plane, of course, needs a decent graphics card in the computer you wish to run it on. Essentially any modern, discrete i.

On many systems the required graphics drivers will already be installed. Many graphics card companies provide software that can automatically detect when a new driver is available and help keep you up to date.

Some Windows-based computers are operating with drivers that are out of date or that do not currently support OpenGL caused by using the default Windows drivers rather than those of the manufacturer. If you conclude that your graphics drivers need to be updated, the following general steps should guide you through the process. So which joystick should a user purchase? Most USB joysticks and yokes made in the last 10 years or so will work with X-Plane, but, as with most things in life, you get what you pay for.

In our experience the cheaper hardware typically does not last as long or work as well as more moderately priced equipment. This covers nearly all the controllers manufactured in the last ten years, but if you have a non-USB device, an adapter will be needed to change it to a USB input.

Joysticks typically provide pitch, roll, and throttle control, as well as a few buttons that can be programmed to do different things.

For example, you may program one button to raise and lower the landing gear, and two additional buttons to raise the flaps and lower them. Also, some joysticks can have their handle twisted left and right to control yaw movement. If the joystick being used does not offer yaw control, you will probably want a set of rudder pedals to provide realistic yaw control in the airplane.

A joystick will be best for flying fighter or sport airplanes, or planes made by companies like Airbus, Cirrus, or Lancair, for the simple reason that those planes, in reality, are controlled with joysticks!

A yoke consists of a steering wheel-like control that rotates left and right and also slides back and forth. These are the best option for users primarily interested in flying older-style general aviation planes, business jets, and non-Airbus airliners, since these planes are flown with yokes in reality. Yokes are typically clamped to a desk for stability. They may have a built-in throttle quadrant, which will allows for independent control of the propeller, throttle, and mixture for a single propeller engine.

Also, note that yokes do not control yaw movement they do not twist left and right for yaw control like some joysticks , so rudder pedals are required for realistic yaw control. The pedals also control the brakes to help the airplane stop or turn sharply while on the ground.

Push the top of the left or right pedal to activate the brakes on that side of the plane. This auto-rudder function, however, is not smart enough to take off or land properly in a crosswind, slip, or do various other things that rudders might be used for.

For this reason, rudder pedals or at least a twisting joystick are highly recommended. Please note that, when flying a helicopter, pedals must be used for the anti-torque controls—this can not be assigned to keyboard commands, simply because it is not practical to try to use the keyboard to fly. For added realism in certain situations, you may want an independent throttle quadrant.

Normally, this would be set up to control the throttle, propeller, and mixture controls for each engine on a twin-engine airplane. This controller can also be used to control throttle and condition fuel cutoff for jet engines, allowing independent control of jet aircraft with up to three engines. A multi-engine throttle quadrant is recommended for users interested in realistically flying airplanes with more than one engine. Each of the sites allows users to browse the available products and find where to buy them.

If the X-System window does appear automatically, skip to step 4. You can change the language or pick a different operating system for the install by clicking on the settings slider icon in the top right corner. Though it can be installed elsewhere by clicking the Change Destination button , it is strongly recommended that it be placed on the Desktop so that the folder can be found in the future, and so it has correct permission settings.

Figure 3. Parts of the world that are currently selected will be a bright blue color as all tiles are in Figure 3. If you are unsure what areas are currently selected, just click Select None to turn everything off as seen in Figure 3. When the installer prompts you to do so, remove the current disc and insert the next. We recommend installing a small amount of scenery at first. Installing the complete scenery package will consume about 75 GB of hard drive space, and doing so will take between five and six and a half hours.

At any point in the future, scenery can be added or removed by inserting Disc 1 and re-running the installer. Most people would prefer not to have this backed up, due to the fact that it requires a significant amount of space on the backup disk for something already backed up to DVDs or online, no less and the fact that it takes a great deal of time to complete the backup.

For this reason, it is recommended that users switch to the Basic theme when running X-Plane. Go to the Compatibility tab and check the Disable desktop composition box. Ensure your computer is connected to the Internet. Enter your digital download product key in the boxes on the following screen then click the Continue button. Though it can be installed elsewhere by clicking the Change Destination button , it is strongly recommended that it be left on the Desktop so that the folder can be found in the future and all permissions are correct.

Accept the user agreement on this screen. Click Continue once again. We strongly recommend that you install only a small bit of scenery now and add more later, as the entire scenery package takes nearly 60 GB of space and a very long time to install. Enter your digital download product key if necessary and proceed just like in step 6 above. We use this information only to verify your product key has not been stolen.

We do not sell or share this information with anyone else. X-Plane digital download product keys are like credit card numbers: the key itself authorizes you to get X-Plane, and each user has a different key. Just like credit cards, you should not share your product key with anyone else. If you need to contact Laminar Research customer support, we will only require the last eight digits of your product key; you do not need to send your full product key to anyone, including Laminar Research.

If someone manages to steal your product key, piracy is prevented by fraud detection; our servers will see your key being used in a pattern that looks like multiple people e. Downloading the product repeatedly may appear to be piracy and may also cause your key to be locked. You can contact X-Plane customer support if you experience problems with your digital download product key. If you do not want to update to the latest version, you need to make your own backup of X-Plane; re-installing the product will get the latest version.

In Windows, right-click on the X-Plane. These include downloading the latest free update giving you the latest set of features available , setting up flight controls, and tuning the performance of the simulator both in terms of graphics quality and frame rate. X-Plane has been written to operate on Windows, Macintosh, and Linux systems.

To access the menu bar, move the mouse pointer to the top of the screen. When the mouse is within a centimeter or so of the top edge of the screen, the menu bar will appear.

By default the Esc key will also display the menu. Some of the key functions of the simulator are accessed through small icons on the right side of the menu bar however. From left to right, clicking the icons will: pause the simulator, open Flight Configuration, show the ATC window, show the map, open Settings, and open a help webpage. Keep in mind you can use keyboard shortcuts to access many of these features as well.

Keyboard shortcuts can be found by opening the settings screen and going to the Keyboard tab. For example, opening the View menu will display the list of available views on the left side of the drop down menu, with the list of corresponding keyboard shortcuts on the right. You can adjust almost all aspects of how the simulator runs by going to the Settings screen. Many other helpful options, such as the language and warnings, can be found in the General section. The Notification Settings button in this screen allows you to turn off or on various warnings as well.

These shortcuts are particularly important when using the mouse to fly. Also note that most instruments and controls inside the cockpit are interactive, meaning that the mouse can be used to alter switches, set frequencies, manipulate the throttle s , change the trim, etc. Throughout this section we will refer to any input device as a joystick; the instructions apply to yokes, throttle quadrants, and rudders also. The first time a joystick or yoke is plugged in, the program can automatically take you to the joystick settings screen to configure the device.

If you selected No in the Joystick Quick-Config box, move the mouse to the top of the screen and click the settings icon, then Joystick, and continue with the steps below. Click on the Calibrate or Calibrate Now button. This will open the dialog box allowing you to configure and calibrate the flight controls. Figure 4.

As this is done, one of the red bars will move vigorously for each input that is actuated. Note that if you are using a trim wheel, you may have to roll the wheel continuously to see which axis it is mapped to. Thus, when the stick is rolled left and right only one bar will move a substantial amount; when it is pushed back and forth it will be a different bar. Move your joystick through the full range of motion for each axes, and each slider through its entire range as well.

Move your joystick or yoke forward and back for pitch. Once all the red bars have changed to blue, click on the Next button. Let go of the controls and press the Next button to begin centering the controls and setting the nullzone. If any axes were not recognized automatically, or were incorrectly categorized, in the first calibration screen, you can set them in the right column of the joystick settings screen.

Simply use the drop down menu to select the appropriate axis type. Move your joystick or yoke forward and back, or spin your trim wheel continuously. One of the bars should move as you do so. Click the drop-down menu next to it and set it to pitch. Twist your joystick if applicable. The bar that moves should be set to yaw.

If you are using rudder pedals, slide them forward and backward and set the bar that moves then to yaw. Additionally, only when using rudder pedals, press the left pedal down with your toes.

The bar that moves should be set to left toe brake. Do the same for the right pedal, and set that bar to right toe brake. Move your throttle forward and back on a yoke, this is typically the leftmost lever. Set this bar to throttle. Note : Any remaining bar if applicable which is not actively controlled by your hardware needs to be set to none. Click on a number to highlight the line in the list on the right side of the screen.

You can also press the button on the joystick and seeing which number in the list lights up. Assign a function to a hat switch by picking from the drop down menu. Assign a function to a button or a two-direction switch by clicking the Edit button and scrolling through the list of commands, or by typing a key term in the search bar, as in Figure 4. Repeat this process for as many buttons and switches as need functions assigned. Close the Joystick window and the settings will be saved to preferences.

The three sliders in this window control the response curves for the pitch, roll, and yaw axes of the joystick. As these sliders are moved to the right the response becomes curved. Thus, the controls will be dampened for the first half or so of their travel and then become hyper-sensitive for the remainder of their throw.

This gives the user plenty of fine-tune control near the center of the flight control envelope to hold altitude and roll precisely, but still allows for full control authority at the extremes.

To modify the stability of the aircraft, press the Stability Augmentation button. If these sliders are all the way to the left, then there is no stability augmentation of the aircraft. In other words, the simulator will try to make the plane easier to fly by adding control inputs for the user. This allows you to do things like manually configure a null zone, or create complex curves with many control points and your choice of interpolation. X-Plane has been designed to be both extremely flexible and easily usable.

For this reason, most of the keys on the keyboard do something. To see which keys are tied to which functions, open the settings by moving the mouse to the top of the screen, clicking the settings icon, and clicking on Keyboard. Here you can look at the functions assigned to the keys of the keyboard.

You can use the buttons on the left side to narrow down the list, or use the plus and minus symbols to change how many items are shown from the list of functions. Functions are classified into a number of categories operation, engines, ignition, etc. The description of the function is on the left while the button assigned to it is on the right. Use the - to delete a key assignment. Note that it is not necessary to try and remember all of the keyboard shortcuts.

Instead, many of them are shown in the menus when flying. For example, while in flight, move the mouse to the top of the screen and click the View menu and a subcategory. This means you can now specify different button or axis assignments for the same joystick and switch between them from within X-Plane. Any time you create another profile, all current assignments will be copied to the new profile for you to then adjust as desired. To delete profiles and assign them to individual or groups of aircraft, click the Manage Profiles button next to the Active Profile dropdown.

You can manage all your profiles in the left side of this window. Click on the minus sign - icon next to a profile name to delete it. Double click on a profile name to edit it. You can also add a new profile here and then return to the joystick or keyboard settings screens to change its assignments. Assign profiles to aircraft in the Associated Aircraft column on the right side of this window.

Or you can click the drop down next to individual aircraft to change profile assignments one by one. Profiles will also be assigned automatically when you change from one profile to another while a flight is in progress. X-Plane is a very advanced simulator that has been designed for use across a broad range of computers with varying specifications.

Each time the computer runs through the program it advances the aircraft and recalculates the images that are seen cloud formations, scenery, aircraft instruments, other aircraft, etc. Thus, generally speaking, the higher the rendering options are set, the lower the performance and frame rate achieved. Move your mouse to the top of the screen causing the menu to appear and click the settings icon, then the Data Output tab.

On the first line, Frame rate, check the first box to display the current frame rate in the upper left of the screen during flight. Close the Data Output window. This is the current frame rate, given in frames per second fps.

Note that the frame rate will change depending on what is happening in the simulation. It is not uncommon for a computer to output 50 fps while sitting on an empty runway, but drop down to, say, 30 fps when rendering lots of buildings, other aircraft, etc.

The Graphics screen is used to configure the level of detail in the simulator. This window can be found by moving the mouse to the top of the screen, clicking on the settings icon, and clicking Graphics.

The rendering options sliders are organized with settings that depend primarily on CPU on the right, and GPU-heavy options on the left.

The Visual Effects slider adjusts the quality of the visual effects, such as shadows and light reflection and is dependent on the quality of your graphics card. Adjust the Texture Quality slider to fine tune the level of detail in the textures of the cockpit and world objects. Textures are the image-maps that are draped over the terrain and aircraft to make them look realistic. If it is set too low, the runway and terrain will look blurry and blocky.

While this will not look very good, it will use very little video memory VRAM , so a high frame rate will be more easily achievable. The Antialiasing slider is used to smooth the edges of the objects drawn in the simulator.

These jaggies may be somewhat eliminated by turning on anti-aliasing. Both situations tax the video card with virtually no increase in CPU use. The Number of Objects slider will adjust how many 3D objects are drawn in the world, such as trees, buildings, and static aircraft. If you have a powerful CPU you can set this to high or even maximum without affecting your frame rate too much, and the highest settings will ensure that you see all there is to see around an airport.

Check the Draw parked aircraft box if you would like to see static aircraft at airports. Checking the Draw shadows on scenery box will also add detail that older, slower cards may not be able to handle. We recommend putting the Texture Quality slider on its lowest setting, exiting the sim, restarting it, and noting the frame rate. Keep an eye on the message below the slider that shows how many megabytes of textures are loaded. From there, raise the slider up one level and repeat until the frame rate decreases.

X-Plane The sim should perform at higher frame rates and reduced stuttering with this turned on. Note that using this option may require graphics driver updates and that not all add-ons are compatible with Vulkan and Metal. If your add-on does not appear to work correctly, disable this check box and restart to return to OpenGL rendering.

For more information on new driver requirements, see this Knowledge Base article. We recommend being very methodical and following these instructions in order, checking the frame rate after each major change until you find settings that give an acceptable frame rate. Ensure the frame rate is visible on screen per the instructions in Displaying the Frame Rate above. Your CPU may be much more powerful relative to your graphics card, or vice versa. In such a case, you could hypothetically turn the CPU-heavy features up much higher than the GPU-heavy features or vice versa.

Likewise, the right half of the Rendering Options is the CPU-heavy features: world objects, reflection detail, and parked aircraft. To find the best compromise between performance and visual quality for your specific machine, start with all sliders at their minimums, and all checkboxes off.

From there, turn up the settings in the order detailed below. Enable the parked aircraft, and start turning up the number of world objects and reflection detail. Having found the number of objects you want to use, start bringing the texture quality slider up. At the bottom of the Graphics section of the Settings screen are the options for configuring the monitor. Use the drop down menu to switch between full screen and windowed mode, or the Instructor Operating Station requires at least two monitors.

Increasing the resolution may also cause a drop in frame rate if your graphics card is not powerful enough. This is especially helpful for those with large, high resolution monitors. Expand the Visuals Settings to set the default view or turn off windshield effects such as cracked glass after a crash. You can adjust the Lateral field of view in the Field of view section.

This changes the extent of the observable scenery that is onscreen. If you are using a multimonitor set up, expand the Visual Offsets section to make adjustments for monitor bezels or wraparound monitors. See the section Configuring a Multi-Monitor Simulator for more details.

To configure the sound, move your mouse to the top of the screen and click on the settings icon, then Sound. On the right side, ATC sound and text can be turned off or on. This window will also check the status of speech synthesis software used for ATIS. To change the language used throughout X-Plane, move your mouse to the top of the screen causing the menu to appear and click the Settings icon.

We regularly release new updates to the simulator that contain feature enhancements, bug fixes, stability improvements, aircraft and resource updates, flight model improvements, and even new feature additions.

This means that if you purchase the Version 11 discs, you will get the Version Of course, you do not have to take advantage of these updates, but it is recommended that you do so.

This means that they may create incompatibilities or create other problems that would not be experienced in the stable releases. The advantage to doing so is that these users get access to the latest enhancements to the software. The downside is that there is a greater risk of encountering problems with third-party models or other general bugs. These features include:. If your computer is not running a firewall, of course, this is of no concern to you.

Unlock the pane by clicking the lock in the lower-left corner and enter the administrator username and password. X-Plane can be modified in a number of ways. You can add aircraft or custom scenery, or you can download plug-ins that can radically alter the functionality of the simulator. The X-Plane Developer site has a wealth of information on creating both scenery and aircraft, and the X-Plane SDK site has documentation on developing plug-ins.

The Plane Maker manual will prove especially useful for users creating aircraft files, while those developing scenery should keep the WorldEditor manual handy. Perhaps the easiest place to find new aircraft is on X-Plane.

When downloading a custom aircraft, it will typically be in a compressed folder usually a ZIP file that contains the airplane and all its various paint jobs, airfoils, custom sounds, and instrument panels.

Once the compressed folder is downloaded, you should be able to double-click on it to open or expand it on Macintosh, Windows, or Linux computers. From here, the folder can be dragged and dropped into the Aircraft folder. For instance, for a newly downloaded Piper J—3 Cub, the folder path in Windows might look like this:. When you start a new flight, your aircraft will show up in the aircraft grid of the Flight Configuration screen.

Bind them to a button or key according to the instructions in Configuring Flight Controls. Of course, users can also upload their own aircraft to X-Plane. We place no copyright restrictions of any sort on aircraft made by users with Plane Maker, and these custom aircraft may be uploaded and shared or sold at will. Custom scenery packages, too, can be found on the X-Plane. These may be downloaded and installed at will.

This file determines the order in which scenery packs load, with files at the top of the list overriding those lower down. Additionally, the XAddonManager utility may be helpful for managing a large amount of custom scenery or downloaded objects. The Airport Scenery Gateway is a community-driven effort to collect airport data into a global airport database. The latest Gateway scenery will be provided automatically via updates.

You may also add scenery from the Airport Scenery Gateway before that happens, but note that if you do so, it will suppress any later Global Airport updates to that same airport. For additional information or to register as an artist, check out the Airport Scenery Gateway homepage or the Airport Scenery Gateway reference article.

People write plug-ins to do all sorts of interesting things like hang weights on the dashboard that move around accurately, run little tugs around to push your airplane on the ground, or draw interesting terrain visualization systems, among other things. Once again, X-Plane.

X-Plane, of course, is a flight simulator. A typical flight consists of some, if not all, of the following steps:. In addition, you might take advantage of a number of features of the simulator either before or during a flight. Here you can pick from four options to get flying. You can also quit from this screen, or adjust your settings. Load Saved Flight will allow you to load one of your saved replay or situation files see the section Creating a Reusable Situation for more details.

Click the button to be taken to the Flight Configuration screen. Note that if you return to the Main Menu found under the File menu after starting any flight, the name of some options will have changed slightly. You can Resume Current Flight or choose Flight Configuration to modify your current flight or create a new one.

Figure 5. It can place your aircraft on a runway or apron, or it can start you in the air on a 3 or 10 nautical mile approach to a runway. This screen is divided into three parts. In the top left is a larger version of the airport selection on the previous screen.

Note that if the aircraft is moved to an area that does not have any scenery installed, it will end up on a runway which is hovering above the ocean down below. You do not have to choose a location for your flight using the list of world airports. You can also choose from a number of special starts in this screen, such as a carrier cat shot, oil rig approach, or the space shuttle landings.

The first, and easiest, way to set the weather is using the slider on the Flight Configuration screen. Eight options are available, with the cloud cover getting increasingly heavy as you drag the slider right. Click the Customize button for much finer control over the weather. It may be easiest to start with the closest type of weather you want with the slider, then go to the Weather Settings screen to tweak the individual settings. The Weather Settings screen allows you to specify the exact weather you want.

The largest portion of the screen is for the weather map, which displays the clouds and wind layers in relation to each other. You can use the Preset Conditions drop down menu to set some preset weather conditions to start designing your custom weather from:. This puts no wind or cloud layers in the weather map, and the visibility slider is set to 25 statute miles. VFR sets the weather to good visual flight rule conditions—clear, sunny skies with no wind and visibility at 7sm.

Marginal VFR sets the weather marginal VFR flying conditions, with about five miles of visibility and a 1, foot ceiling. Non-Precision Approach sets the weather for a non-precision approach, with a 3 mile visibility and a foot ceiling.

These are extremely low instrument conditions, with basically zero ceiling and visibility. Stormy sets the weather to about IFR-I level ceiling and visibility conditions with heavy precipitation and storms, of course. Note that each layer you add will be placed above any existing layers of the same type, so it will be most efficient to design your weather from the bottom up. The weather map is very tactile—you can grab the icons and drag them up and down, and some cloud types allow you to adjust their edges to make them wider or narrower.

Click on a layer to adjust additional settings in the Layer Properties column on the left side of the window. Cloud layers can be set to cirrus, various amounts of cumulus, and stratus. You can adjust the heights of the clouds by using the sliders, or typing in the boxes for the most precision.

These heights are measured in feet above mean sea level MSL. The altitude, speed, turbulence, gust, and shear of wind layers can also be adjusted by dragging the sliders or specifying a number in the boxes. You can click and drag near the edge of the direction circle to make the wind come from that direction. In the right side of the Weather Settings window are the setting sliders for atmospheric conditions. Here you can also change the units of measure, such as switch the temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius for example.

The Set visibility drop down and slider adjusts what its name suggests, measured in statute miles for atmospheric visibility or feet for runway visual range. The precipitation slider sets the level of precipitation. Depending on the temperature around the airplane and in the clouds where it is formed, this will be in the form of rain, hail, or snow.

The storminess slider adjusts the tendency for convective activity. The weather radar map in the lower-right of the window shows where the cells are forming. Flying into these cells results in heavy precipitation and extreme turbulence. The turbulence is great enough that in reality, airplanes can fly into thunderstorms in one piece and come out in many smaller pieces. Taking helicopters into these icing and thunderstorm situations is interesting because their very high wing-loading on their rotor and the fact that the rotor is free teetering causes them to have a pretty smooth ride in turbulence.

They are still not indestructible, though, and they are subject to icing on their blades just like an airplane. Next, the temperature at the nearest airport and the barometric pressure air pressure at sea level can be set.

These controls are mainly used when flying gliders. Try setting the wind at 30 knots or better at a right angle to a mountain range and running along the upwind side of the mountain range in a glider—you should be able to stay aloft on the climbing air if you stay pretty low.

Drift to the downwind side of the mountain, though, and an unstoppable descent is assured! Changing the wave height, in feet, will also modify the wave length and speed. To enable this, first open the Customize Weather screen from Flight Configuration.

If you want to download weather at some other time, you can always come back to this window and press the Refresh button. For custom weather, create a custom text file that list the reporting station name as MDEG. Then add the longitude, latitude, and elevation. X-Plane has 16 weather envelopes spanning the area around the flying region.

Each bucket is about 1. This file will load custom winds at 10, ft and 34, ft into X-Plane, so you have winds aloft for both light planes and airliners, with interpolation for turboprops that fly in between.

Each of the numbers after the latitude represent the direction, speed and temperature. Add additional columns of wind information to correspond to specific altitudes: , , , , , , , , and 39, feet. Note that you may leave a lower altitude column blank if the location is already above that altitude, but you must enter a full winds-aloft report for all of the altitudes.

At feet, the wind direction is , with a speed of 10 knots. Continue on in this manner when you are adding custom winds or interpreting the report. The simplest way of setting the time of day is by dragging the slider in the bottom right of the Flight Configuration screen.

Click on the Customize button to change the date, time or GMT offset by using the drop down menus. For instance, there are fewer daylight hours in December than in June in North America, as in the real world. The Cessna is an excellent choice in this regard, a fact attested to by the millions of real-world pilots trained in this model. If you are not using flight controls, you will have to fly with the mouse. This means that the mouse is free to move anywhere without impacting the flight controls.

To grab the stick and thus take control of the aircraft , click the left mouse button in the vicinity of the little white cross and a white box will appear around the cross. The mouse button should not be held down, only clicked once to turn the box on i. Thus, moving the mouse directly below the cross will command some up elevator causing the plane to climb and will not impose any roll commands which should keep the aircraft from changing its bank.

Likewise, keeping the mouse lined up exactly with the cross but deflecting it to the right a bit will cause the plane to bank to the right without altering its pitch. If you are not familiar with flying an airplane or using X-Plane, check out Flight School for tutorials on many basic aviation concepts. To access Flight School, go to the main menu found under the File menu and click the button for Flight School.

To take off, the airplane must first be located at the end of a runway. Continue to advance the throttle and be ready to feed in some right yaw using the right rudder or the twist on the joystick, if applicable as the airplane accelerates. Please note that with Visual Studio, instead of the command tool approach of driver signing, you can also use the Visual Studio development environment also known as the IDE to sign a driver package.

Create an inf file for the driver package. Excerpt from Creating Test Certificates :. Create a self-signed test certificate named Contoso. This certificate uses the same name for the subject name and the certificate authority CA. Put a copy of the certificate in a certificate store that is named PrivateCertStore.

Putting the test certificate in PrivateCertStore keeps it separate from other certificates that may be on the system. The -r option creates a self-signed certificate with the same issuer and subject name. The -pe option specifies that the private key that is associated with the certificate can be exported. The -ss option specifies the name of the certificate store that contains the test certificate PrivateCertStore.

This name is used with the SignTool tool to identify the certificate. The certificate file is used to add the certificate to the Trusted Root Certification Authorities certificate store and the Trusted Publishers certificate store.

Excerpt from Viewing Test Certificates :. After the certificate is created and a copy is put in the certificate store, the Microsoft Management Console MMC Certificates snap-in can be used to view it. Do the following to view a certificate through the MMC Certificates snap-in:. In the left pane of the Certificates snap-in, expand the PrivateCertStore certificate store folder and double-click Certificates. The following screen shot shows the Certificates snap-in view of the PrivateCertStore certificate store folder.

To view the details about the Contoso. The following screen shot shows the details about the certificate. To enable trust, install this certificate in the Trusted Root Certification Authorities store. The certificate cannot be verified because Windows does not trust the issuing authority, "Contoso.

Create a catalog file. Use the inf2cat tool as shown below to create the catalog file. Additional comma separated OSes can be added selectively or all as shown below with no spaces. The updated inf2cat from the new 8. Within this directory, catalog files are created for those INF files that contain one or more CatalogFile directives.

The catalog file name is not restricted to 8. Inf2Cat creates the catalog file tstamd Similarly, the tool creates the catalog file toastx In case, only one catalog file is desired, then only one entry in the INF file as shown below will suffice. The inf2cat tool is very strict on checking each folder and sub-folder about the presence of every file which has an entry in the INF file.

There will be meaningful error messages on such missing entries. The cat file can be opened from explorer by double-clicking or right-clicking the file and selecting Open. Selecting a GUID value will display details including the driver files of the driver package and the OSes added as shown below:.

It is advisable that the cat file is checked to verify the inclusion of the driver files and the selected OSes. At any time if any driver file is added or removed, the INF file has been modified, the cat file must be recreated and signed again. Any omission here will cause installation errors which are reported on the setup log file setupapi.

Test-sign the tstamd Use the Contoso. For more information about how this certificate was created, see Creating Test Certificates. The sign command configures SignTool to sign the specified catalog file, tstamd Including a time stamp provides the necessary information for key revocation in case the signer's code signing private key is compromised. You can open the cat file as described before. Learn more. If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again.

If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. If nothing happens, download the GitHub extension for Visual Studio and try again. If you're new to the project, welcome! Please feel free to ask questions here. We encourage new frameworks and contributors to ask questions.

We're here to help! This project provides representative performance measures across a wide field of web application frameworks. With much help from the community, coverage is quite broad and we are happy to broaden it further with contributions. The current tests exercise plaintext responses, JSON serialization, database reads and writes via the object-relational mapper ORM , collections, sorting, server-side templates, and XSS counter-measures.

Future tests will exercise other components and greater computation. Read more and see the results of our tests on cloud and physical hardware.

For descriptions of the test types that we run, see the test requirements section. If you find yourself in a directory or file that you're not sure what the purpose is, checkout our file structure in our documentation, which will briefly explain the use of relevant directories and files. To get started developing you'll need to install docker or see our Quick Start Guide using vagrant.

The run script is pretty wordy, but each and every flag is required. If you are using windows, either adapt the docker command at the end of the. Get started developing quickly by utilizing vagrant with TFB. Git , Virtualbox and vagrant are required. Either on your computer, or once you open an SSH connection to your vagrant box, start the new test initialization wizard. Our official documentation can be found in the wiki.

If you find any errors or areas for improvement within the docs, feel free to open an issue in this repo.

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