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03.02.2021Module ma. A Pattern making may be defined as replica model of the desired casting which, when packed in a suitable moulding material, produces a msc called mould.
This cavity when filled with molten metal, produces the desired casting after solidification of the poured metal. The ways in which a pattern differs from an actual component are. It carries additional allowance over those portions which are to be machined. Machining allowance 2. When a pattern is withdrawn from a mould it may injure the edges. To avoid this danger the pattern is made with slight tapes inward on the vertical surfaces.
Draft allowance 3. It carries an additional allowance to compensate for metal shrinkage. Shrinkage allowance 4. It carries the necessary draft to enable its easy removal from the sand mass shake or rapping allowance 5. Some castings tend to pdc or distort on cooling. To compensate the carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac is made with certain distortion allowances. Distortion or camber allowance 6. It carries additional projections called core prints, to produce seats for cores.
The acrpentry considerations which a pattern maker is to make in order to plan the successfully to yield desired results are the following.
Number of casting to be made from the same pattern 2. The appearance and surface finish of the casting to be produced 3. Facility and ease in moulding 4. Method of withdrawal of the pattern from the mould. It is the common material used for pattern making because the following advantages.
Disadvantage of wood. The wood selected for pattern making should be straight grained, free from knots and other natural defects. It should be properly seasoned before use. Common woods used are Deodar, Carpetry, shisham and Mahogany.
Metals have a much longer life than wooden patterns. They carry the following disadvantage. Metals used shpo pattern making are the gindi. A Brass:Commonly used metal for small patterns particularly in bench and maac moulding.
It has a high strength, high resistance to corrosion, sand abrasion,takes a good surface finish and can be cast into any shape. B Cast iron: It is cheap and can carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac casted into any shape.
It has a good machinability, high resistance to sand abrasion, good strength. Its excessive weight is a great drawback with it. C Aluminium and its alloy: Larger patterns of metal are usually made from aluminium or its alloys because of their light weight and low cost.
They can be cast into any shape and syop to give a good surface finish. They have a high resistance to corrosion. Plastics and gypsum cement known as plaster of paris are also used for making patterns and core boxes because of their light weight, high strength resistance to wear and corrosion, moisture,surface finish and reasonable cost.
The selection of carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac material for making the pattern is depend on the following factor. Number of casting to be made. Method of moulding to be used. It may be hand or machine.
Type of casting method to be used. Degree of accuracy in dimension and quality of surface finish required on the casting. Design of casting. The hini of pattern to be used for a particular casting depends upon many factors like the bulk of casting, type of moulding process, number of castings required and the anticipated difficulty of moulding of the typical shape.
The following types of patterns are commonly used. Single piece pattern. Two piece pattern or split pattern. Multi piece pattern. Match plate patterns. Sweep pattern. Pattern with loose pieces. Follow board pattern. Gated patterns. Cope and drag patterns.
Skeleton patterns. Single piece carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac :This pattern is made in one piece and carries no joint, partition of loose pieces. It is simplest pattern. Depending upon the shape, it can be moulded in one or two boxes.
This pattern is the cheapest but its use can be limited extent of production only. Because its involve large numbers of manual operation.
Two piece pattern or split pattern :When pattern making is difficult by single pattern. For such casting two piece pattern are employed. They Carpentry Shop Pdf Qualification are made in two part which carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac joined at the parting line. While moulding, one carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac of the pattern is contained by the drag and other by the cope.
Multi carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac pattern :Casting having a more complicated design than above require the pattern in more than two parts in order to facilitate an easy moulding and withdrawal of pattern.
These pattern may consist of three, four of more number of parts depending on their design. Match plate patterns :This patterns are used where a rapid production of small and accurate casting is desired on a large scale.
Their construction cost is quite high, but the same is easily compensated by a high rate of production, greater dimensional accuracy and minimum requirement for machining in the casting. These pattern are made in two pieces, one piece mounted on one side and the other on the other side of a plate. The plate may be of wood, steel or aluminium. Aluminium is preferred due to its lightness and cheapness. Sweep pattern :Sweeps can be advantageously used for preparing moulds of large symmetrical carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac, particularly of carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac cross section.
This effects a large saving in time, labour and material. The equipment consists of a base, suitably placed in the sand mass, a vertical spindle and a wooden template, called sweep. The sweep is rotated about the spindle to form the cavity. Then sweep and spindle are removed, leaving the base in the sand. Separately prepared core is placed in the mould, gates cut and the mould is ready for pouring.
Pattern with catpentry pieces :some pattern are made to have loose pieces carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac order to enable their easy withdrawal from the mould. These pieces form an integral part of the pattern during moulding. After mould is complete, the pattern is withdrawal leaving the pieces in the carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac which are later withdrawal separately through the cavity formed by the pattern.
Follow board pattern :A follow board is a wooden board used to support a pattern during moulding. Such single piece patterns which have an odd shape or very thin wall require a follow hiindi. The follow board carries a projection conforming to the inside shape of the thin walled pattern to support it during moulding. If such support is not provided the pattern may get broken due to less wall thickness during ramming.
Gate Pattern :Groups of patterns with gate formers attached to the pattern proper are called gated patterns; may be made of Carpentry Shop Description Machine wood or metal and are used for mase production of small castings. Cope and Drag Pattern :For production large heavy castings, difficult to handle by single person. Separate cope and drag patterns are used to ease this difficulty. They are made in halves, split in convenient joint line. Skeleton Pattern :Patterns for very large castings would require tremendons amount of timber fora full pattern.
In such cases a frame work farming a skeleton pattern may be employed to give general contains and size of the desired castings. Foundry or casting is a process of forming metallic products by melting the metal, pouring it into a cavity known as the mould and allowing it to solidify. Foundry engineering deals with the process of making casting in mould prepared by hinei. The principal material used in the foundry shop for moulding is the sand.
For mould preparation special hand tools, mould boxes flasks and mechanical tools and equipments are used. Cores are Carpentry Shop Slideshare Pdf separate shapes of sand that are generally required to form the hollow interiors carpentry shop pdf in hindi mac the casting or a hole through the casting. The care is left in the mould in casting and is removed after the casting moulding sands. The main ingredients of moulding sands are i Silica sand grains ii Clay, iii Moisture and iv Miscellaneous materials like iron oxide, lime stone, soda and potash.
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