Part 5 of When assembling the box it is very important to glue all joints. Grab the other 2 panels that you have left and attach them to the top of the pointed pieces with nails. Flux the work build a box dimensions. Fields are listed by table or folder.

Construction is very simple. Once you know the volume of enclosure a single speaker requires, you can reduce the internal air volume to one half the original specification. The woofers can be mounted into the enclosure face to face with the outward woofer wired out of phase with the woofer that has its magnet inside the enclosure.

The woofers can also be coupled with airspace between them in either a face to face, magnet to magnet, or face to magnet. The other advantage of mounting woofers face to face or magnet to magnet, it will smooth out the non-linearity properties of a speaker.

With older speaker designs, the pushing force was sometimes not as strong as the pulling force. This created distortion because it would not accurately reproduce the signal the speaker received.

This type of enclosure is no longer very popular because of the woofer technology that we currently use. Some of the woofers today require very little airspace to produce great sounding, deep bass eliminating the need to cut the box volume in half. Kicker combined the electrical and mechanical properties of two woofers into the single Kicker Solobaric woofer.

When building Youtube Build A Steam Box 05 an enclosure, the enclosure's walls should be as rigid as possible. Any flexing in the enclosure will drastically decrease your speakers' performance. Also, all of the joints and walls in a speaker enclosure should be airtight, including screw holes and wire holes. Any leaks or flexing will cause cancellation, resulting in reduced output.

Enclosures should be built with very dense and heavy wood. We recommend MDF medium density fiberboard or Medite high density fiberboard , They are rigid, heavy and not porous like some particle boards.

Most enclosures are built for multiple drivers and require separate chambers for each driver. Dividers are a very important part of box building because they create strength in the box and provide an airtight seal between the speakers.

Keep in mind that no two things are created equally even speakers of the same size and model! When assembling the box it is very important to glue all joints. Screws or staples should be placed approximately every 4" 10cm.

Drywall screws work better if they are counter-sunk. Countersinking makes it easy to fill over the screw heads for paint or carpet, and improves the appearance of the enclosure. A quality air stapler has been proven to be a good substitute for counter-sunk drywall screws. Don't forget the wood glue.

This is much faster and smoother than using screws. Glue joints all the way across the wall to provide an airtight seal. We recommend Titebond or Elmer's Wood Glue. It is always a good idea to use corner braces, also called glue blocks, on each joint in an enclosure. Corner braces are usually made from left-over enclosure wood and measure approximately 1" 2. The braces should be glued and screwed or stapled to the walls and caulked on both edges where they meet the walls.

Use a silicone caulk to ensure the airtight seal. Don't use "bathroom tile" type caulk, it won't do the job! Not all corner braces will be the length of the wall they're attached to. For example, if a wall's length is 36" 1 m , but there is already a corner brace on the adjacent wall, we'd need to deduct one inch 2. Deduct two inches 5cm from a brace's length if there are braces on both adjacent walls.

When adding braces to an enclosure always add the displacement of the extra wood to the gross box volume as it is designed. Another type of brace, called a cross brace, should be used in any span that is 12" 30cm or more to prevent panel vibration.

The most common application will be from the front baffle to the rear wall and between the top and bottom walls. The brace will contact the enclosure only on its ends where it should be glued and screwed or stapled.

Place the brace slightly off center for maximum rigidity. A perfectly centered cross brace can actually increase cabinet flex and resonance at a higher, more audible frequency. The fundamental Thiele-Small calculations can be performed using a scientific calculator and a little knowledge of algebra. However, it is important to note that the basic calculations have some factors averaged or removed for simplicity, and the answers they give are only approximate.

Your best bet is to use known enclosure design data such as given here, or to use a computer program such as LEAP 4. When you have completed your enclosure, it is important to make sure the speaker is at least close to your design specs. If you did the calculations by hand or with a simple computer program any program that requires only Qts, Vas, and Fs for enclosure performance calculations is simple , you will definitely want to measure tuning frequency because the vent dimensions given by the calculations could be off enough to reduce the speaker's performance.

Be sure to measure the tuning with the enclosure in the vehicle, the acoustic environment of the speaker can also affect its tuning.

When designing an enclosure, it is best to follow what we call "The Design Sequence. The Design Sequence Determine size of enclosure. Calculate and subtract driver, brace and port if ported displacement from enclosure volume. Finalize driver selection. This is the easy part. Get a tape measure and get in the vehicle. Consult your customer on exactly how much space he or she is willing to forfeit for their system.

Measure this area and write down the height, length and width dimensions in inches. Now we'll learn how to calculate volume for a cabinet from the dimensions we just took. Let's say the space we have available is: 14" High x 41" Long x 14" Wide. What is and where did that come from?

Dividing by this figure converts total cubic Inches into total cubic feet. This is how the manufacturer usually lists specifications. External dimensions are what you have after measuring the space available in the vehicle. Internal dimensions are what you'll want to go by when selecting a speaker for the enclosure. What's the difference? The thickness of the wood used to build the box.

Displacement refers to the space used by things inside an enclosure that influence total volume and is mostly associated with the drivers in an enclosure. However, other factors will also influence an enclosure's total volume, like ports and bracing. To calculate exact enclosure volume, we'll need to consider port, bracing and speaker displacement.

Port Displacement: Calculating the amount of space taken by a port will test your memory of high school Geometry! First you'll need to know the port's dimensions. For an example we'll use a 12" long port with a 2" diameter. Now we need to calculate the area of a circle the same size as the port, 2" in this case. This is where Geometry comes in! The area of a circle is the radius squared multiplied by "pi" or 3.

So, to get the accurate volume of the enclosure, we'd need to deduct Brace Displacement: After figuring port displacement, brace displacement is relatively easy.

Braces are discussed in detail a little later so trust us for now. We'll use a 1" x 1" x 20" brace for an example. Piece of cake! Remember to do this for all braces in the enclosure, there may be quite a few of them!

Driver Displacement: The driver also takes up air space inside the enclosure. If you use Kicker speakers, we've made calculating driver displacement real simple for you, just look at the chart on appendix page The recommended enclosure volumes we give in the charts already have driver displacement deducted. If you use our speakers and go by that chart, you won't have to figure driver displacement. Let's get back to our example again. We currently havel.

This size box might work for a 12" driver or a 10" driver. Let's calculate driver displacement now to where we are. Now we'll look at braces. Two different types of braces are corner braces and cross braces. For this example, we are building a sealed enclosure in a simple rectangular box. We'll have twelve corner braces one for each joint , and six cross braces one for each wall. We have eight corner braces that are 1"x 1"x Each one uses Four of our corner braces are 1" x 1" x To create a hinge, secure the side with one nail or screw driven into each edge -- one through the front part A and one through the back part B to form a pivot point.

Position the hinge screws directly across from each other, enabling the door to open easily. Drill and countersink a screw hole along the center of the bottom edge. A single short screw will secure the door, yet allow easy access for cleaning. Cut a 3" x 4" hole into the center of the entrance guard part F. Round off the edges with a file and sandpaper, or use a round over bit in a router to create a finished edge.

Mount the entrance guard on to the Front part A. Mount the finished nesting box between 4' to 10' above the surface of the water. Consider adding a predator guard to the supporting post to help prevent raccoons from climbing up to wood duck house. Add 3" to 4" of pine shavings to the bottom of the finished nesting box.

Wood ducks do not bring materials into the box to create their nests. The shavings provide cushioning for the eggs as well as adding insulation. If there is not enough shavings, then the hen cannot cover her eggs. Too much shavings can elevate the eggs closer to the entrance hole and within the reach of a hungry raccoon. With the male's brightly colored plumage, the wood duck is arguably one of the most beautiful birds.

They are relatively common throughout their range in North America but due to their preference for marshy ponds and woodland streams, few people have the pleasure of seeing them in their native habitat. They nest in trees near ponds and stream, and they will even choose a site that is directly above the water. If suitable nesting sites are scarce near a water source, they may be forced to nest up to a mile away.

Their feet have strong claws that enables them to perch on tree branches. Wood ducks build their roosts in holes in trees or nesting boxes built for this purpose. This lucky YouTube contributor had 14 ducklings hatch from their nesting box. A day after they hatch, the ducklings leave the nest box, never to return again. Many different species of native birds make their nests in hollow tree cavities including chickadees, woodpeckers, owls, bluebirds and wood ducks.

As more woodland is lost to urban sprawl, it is becoming increasingly more difficult for cavity nesting birds to find suitable nesting sites to safely raise their young. Fortunately, many cavity nesting birds will readily move into a man-made nest box. Birds are very fussy when it comes to selecting a nesting site.

Every bird species its own nesting requirements including the size of the nest box, the size of the entrance hole, and the height of the entrance hole above the floor of the nest box. Before buying or building a birdhouse, decide which species of bird already inhabits your yard, and which type you want to attract to your birdhouse.

Then, build the birdhouse with their specific requirements in mind. This will significantly increase the chances that a pair of birds will take up residence in your handcrafted birdhouse.

Answer: Wood duck nest boxes can be placed over land or water. The house only needs to be about 6 feet above the ground, and should be mounted to a post that's protected by a predator guard. Answer: According to the Wood Duck Society, woods ducks in the southern states may begin nesting in late January.

However, some hens produce more than one brood per season. Putting out a nest box in mid-season might attract a late-nesting hen looking for a new place to raise another brood. Question: What are your thoughts on mounting a wood duck nest box directly on a tree? Answer: Wood duck nest boxes can be hung in trees, however, it is often better to mount the boxes to a post that's completely surrounded by water.

Hate getting eaten up by mosquitoes every night? Bats are great natural insect hunters, so they can actually cut down on the flying pests that plague your yard. One bat can eat up to 1, insects a night, so using them in your yard can really help you out! Geological Survey U. Dedicate a few hours to your bat box. Method 2 of Measure and cut 2 side panels out of untreated wood. Then, use a measuring tape to mark out 2 side panels that are both millimetres 5. Cut out the front, base, lid, and back.

Using the same piece of wood, grab your tape measure again and mark out the next 4 pieces. Then, use a saw to cut them out. The measurements are: [8] X Research source Front piece: millimetres 5. Back plate: millimetres 5. Base piece: millimetres 5. Lid piece: millimetres 5. Pain on 2 coats of water-based stain to the inside of the wood. Use a paint brush to paint a thin layer onto all of the sides of the wood that are going to face inwards; let it dry for about 1 hour, then paint on another layer.

You can find wood stains at most hardware stores. Screw the sides to the back plate. Line the side plates up with the center of the back plate, leaving an equal amount of room on the top and the bottom. Angle the diagonal sides of the side plates toward the top so they slope downwards toward you, then use 1 in 2. Attach the front and the base. Connect the front piece by lining it up with the flat part of the side pieces, then use the 1 in 2.

Set up the base piece so it connects with the front and sides, but leave a 15 millimetres 0. Then, use your screws to attach it on the 3 sides that connect with the rest of the box. Press the lid on top of the front plate and screw it down. Set your lid piece on top of the front plate and angle it so it hits the top of the back plate, then use nails to attach the lid to the front. Method 3 of Start by measuring out a front and a back piece that are both 36 inches 91 cm tall and 6.

When you reach the top 5 inches 13 cm of each piece, cut it into a point at the end. Mark out and cut the side panels and the roof panels. Working with the same piece of plywood, mark out 2 side panels that are both 31 inches 79 cm tall and 5. Then, mark out 2 roof panels that are 5 inches 13 cm tall and 7 inches 18 cm wide.

Use your saw to cut these pieces out and set them aside. Assemble the pieces by nailing together the front, back, and sides. Line up the front, back, and side pieces with the pointed tops facing upwards. Nail those boards together with 1 in 2. Angle the roof plates on top and nail them down. Grab the other 2 panels that you have left and attach them to the top of the pointed pieces with nails.

Make sure all your joints are super airtight to keep out the wind and rain. If you notice any gaps, use caulk to fill them before you move on. Roughen the outside of a 4 by 4 ft 1. Then, use sandpaper to roughen the outside of it so the bats have something to cling onto to get inside of the box. Mount the rocket box onto the top of the pole. Cut the top of your untreated wooden pole into a triangle so your box can sit on top of it. Slide the rocket box up over the top of the pole, then use nails to attach the top of the box to the top of the pole on the inside.

Make sure there is a space around the pole on the inside of the box so the bats can climb underneath and inside. Method 4 of Paint the exterior of the box to protect the wood.

If you want to keep your bat box around for a long time, slap a few coats of paint on the outside and wait for them to dry.

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