Concord lumber is very convenient and the red oak they sell is honestly the best red oak I have seen in New England. I goto Concord Lumber on a daily basis and the service in the front is alright Read more. 03/01/  The staff at Concord Lumber is happy to help homeowners and pros with their construction needs, as they have been doing for over 70 years. In addition to lumber, plywood, siding and roofing for your new home or remodeling project, we stock cedar, fir, mahogany, and ACQ treated decking. Quarter sawn white oak floors throughout first and second floor. Double staircases to the second floor, lead to the master suite, an adult retreat with huge walk-in closet and luxurious bath, a white marble and subway tile Jack and Jill bath adjoining two large sunny bedrooms and a fourth bedroom suite. Each with generous closet space. The large second floor gym with attached bath and wet bar are set up for flexible space. Lower level and third floor semi-built out with potential additional living space, not included in the square footage. All you need to set up your own family retreat in a hi. Chords: F, Eb, Bb, C. Chords for Gorky Park - All Roads. Chordify is your #1 platform for chords.  Overview. improve. Simplify chords. Tap the video and start jamming! - transpose. capo. song. Chords. Exception: A top landing is not required where a stairway of not more than two risers is located on the exterior side of the door, provided that the door does not swing over the stairway. The use of a volute, turnout, rowd easing or starting newel shall be allowed over the lowest tread. Horizontally at intervals not exceeding 10 feet mm. Wired glass. Foam plastic insulation shall comply with Section R 60 Oak Road Concord Ma Ltd Where access through the 60 oak road concord ma chords is to a closet or oal area 3 feet mm or less in depth.

Where not otherwise specified, the wind loads listed in Table R Asphalt shingles shall be designed for wind speeds in accordance with Section R A continuous load path shall be provided to transmit the applicable uplift forces in Section R The wind provisions of this code CMR See Table R For structural insulated panels , the wind provisions of this code CMR For cold-formed steel light-frame construction , the wind provisions of this code CMR In regions where wind design is required , the design of buildings for wind loads shall be in accordance with Figure R International Building Code.

The elements of design not addressed by the methods in Items 1 section R Component and cladding pressures shall be used for the design of elements that do not qualify as main windforce-resisting systems.

Main windforce-resisting system pressures shall be used for the design of elements assigned to provide support and stability for the overall sunroom. Category I: A thermally isolated sunroom with walls that are open or enclosed with insect screening or 0. The space is nonhabitable and unconditioned.

Category II: A thermally isolated sunroom with enclosed walls. The openings are enclosed with translucent or transparent plastic or glass. Category III: A thermally isolated sunroom with enclosed walls. The sunroom fenestration complies with additional requirements for air infiltration resistance and water penetration resistance. Category IV: A thermally isolated sunroom with enclosed walls. The sunroom is designed to be heated or cooled by a separate temperature control or system and is thermally isolated from the primary structure.

The sunroom fenestration complies with additional requirements for water penetration resistance, air infiltration resistance and thermal performance. The space is nonhabitable and conditioned. Category V: A sunroom with enclosed walls. The sunroom is designed to be heated or cooled and is open to the main structure.

The space is habitable and conditioned. Exterior glazing in buildings located in windborne debris regions shall be protected from windborne debris. Panels shall be precut and attached to the framing surrounding the opening containing the product with the glazed opening. Panels shall be predrilled as required for the anchorage method and shall be secured with the attachment hardware provided.

Attachments shall be designed to resist the component and cladding loads determined in accordance with either Table R Attachment in accordance with Table R The text of Section 2. The coastline shall be measured from the mean high water mark. Where referenced documents are based on nominal design wind speeds and do not provide the means for conversion between ultimate design wind speeds and nominal design wind speeds, the ultimate design wind speeds, V ult , of Figure R Linear interpolation is permitted.

For each wind direction considered, an exposure category that adequately reflects the characteristics of ground surface irregularities shall be determined for the site at which the building or structure is to be constructed. For a site located in the transition zone between categories, the category resulting in the largest wind forces shall apply.

Account shall be taken of variations in ground surface roughness that arise from natural topography and vegetation as well as from constructed features. For a site where multiple detached one- and two-family dwellings , townhouses or other structures are to be constructed as part of a subdivision or master-planned community, or are otherwise designated as a developed area by the authority having jurisdiction , the exposure category for an individual structure shall be based upon the site conditions that will exist at the time when all adjacent structures on the site have been constructed, provided that their construction is expected to begin within one year of the start of construction for the structure for which the exposure category is determined.

For any given wind direction, the exposure in which a specific building or other structure is sited shall be assessed as being one of the following categories: Exposure B. Urban and suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of single-family dwellings or larger.

Exposure B shall be assumed unless the site meets the definition of another type exposure. Exposure C. Open terrain with scattered obstructions, including surface undulations or other irregularities, having heights generally less than 30 feet mm extending more than 1, feet m from the building site in any quadrant.

This exposure shall also apply to any building located within Exposure B type terrain where the building is directly adjacent to open areas of Exposure C type terrain in any quadrant for a distance of more than feet m. This category includes flat, open country and grasslands.

Exposure D. Flat, unobstructed areas exposed to wind flowing over open water, smooth mud flats, salt flats and unbroken ice for a distance of not less than 5, feet m. This exposure shall apply only to those buildings and other structures exposed to the wind coming from over the unobstructed area. Exposure D extends downwind from the edge of the unobstructed area a distance of feet m or 20 times the height of the building or structure, whichever is greater.

In areas designated in Table R In these designated areas, topographic wind effects shall apply only to buildings sited on the top half of an isolated hill , ridge or escarpment where all of the following conditions exist: The average slope of the top half of the hill , ridge or escarpment is 10 percent or greater.

The hill , ridge or escarpment is 60 feet 18 mm or greater in height for Exposure B, 30 feet mm or greater in height for Exposure C, and 15 feet mm or greater in height for Exposure D. The hill , ridge or escarpment is isolated or unobstructed by other topographic features of similar height in the upwind direction for a distance measured from its high point of times its height or 2 miles 3.

The hill , ridge or escarpment protrudes by a factor of two or more above the height of other upwind topographic features located in any quadrant within a radius of 2 miles 3. Structures located on the top half of isolated hills , ridges or escarpments meeting the conditions of Section R On the high side of an escarpment , the increased basic wind speed shall extend horizontally downwind from the edge of the escarpment 1.

Table applies to a feature height of feet or less and dwellings sited a distance equal or greater than half the feature height. Where the ultimate design wind speed as modified by Table R Buildings shall be assigned a seismic design category in accordance with Figure R The seismic design categories and corresponding short-period design spectral response accelerations, S DS shown in Figure R If soil conditions are other than Site Class D, the short-period design spectral response accelerations, S DS , for a site can be determined in accordance with Section The value of S DS determined in accordance with Section Buildings located in Seismic Design Category E that conform to the following additional restrictions are permitted to be constructed in accordance with the provisions for Seismic Design Category D 2 of this code: All exterior shear wall lines or braced wall panels are in one plane vertically from the foundation to the uppermost story.

Floors shall not cantilever past the exterior walls. The building is within the requirements of Section R Structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C shall conform to the requirements of this section. Average dead loads shall not exceed 15 pounds per square foot Pa for the combined roof and ceiling assemblies on a horizontal projection or 10 pounds per square foot Pa for floor assemblies, except as further limited by Section R Dead loads for walls above grade shall not exceed: Fifteen pounds per square foot Pa for exterior light-frame wood walls.

Fourteen pounds per square foot Pa for exterior light-frame cold-formed steel walls. Ten pounds per square foot Pa for interior light-frame wood walls. Five pounds per square foot Pa for interior light-frame cold-formed steel walls. Eighty pounds per square foot Pa for 8-inch-thick mm masonry walls. Eighty-five pounds per square foot Pa for 6-inch-thick mm concrete walls.

Ten pounds per square foot Pa for SIP walls. Exceptions: Roof and ceiling dead loads not exceeding 25 pounds per square foot Pa shall be permitted provided that the wall bracing amounts in Section R Light-frame walls with stone or masonry veneer shall be permitted in accordance with the provisions of Sections R Fireplaces and chimneys shall be permitted in accordance with Chapter Anchored stone and masonry veneer shall comply with the requirements of Sections R Masonry construction shall comply with the requirements of Section R Detached one- and two-family dwellings with exterior above- grade concrete walls shall comply with the requirements of Section R , PCA or shall be designed in accordance with ACI Townhouses with above- grade exterior concrete walls shall comply with the requirements of PCA or shall be designed in accordance with ACI The seismic provisions of this code shall not be used for irregular structures located in Seismic Design Categories C, D 0 , D 1 and D 2.

Irregular portions of structures shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice to the extent the irregular features affect the performance of the remaining structural system. Where the forces associated with the irregularity are resisted by a structural system designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice, design of the remainder of the building shall be permitted using the provisions of this code.

A building or portion of a building shall be considered to be irregular where one or more of the following conditions occur: Where exterior shear wall lines or braced wall panels are not in one plane vertically from the foundation to the uppermost story in which they are required.

Exception: For wood light-frame construction , floors with cantilevers or setbacks not exceeding four times the nominal depth of the wood floor joists are permitted to support braced wall panels that are out of plane with braced wall panels below provided that: Floor joists are nominal 2 inches by 10 inches 51 mm by mm or larger and spaced not more than 16 inches mm on center.

The ratio of the back span to the cantilever is not less than 2 to 1. Floor joists at ends of braced wall panels are doubled. For wood-frame construction, a continuous rim joist is connected to ends of cantilever joists. When spliced, the rim joists shall be spliced using a galvanized metal tie not less than 0.

Exception: Portions of floors that do not support shear walls or braced wall panels above, or roofs, shall be permitted to extend not more than 6 feet mm beyond a shear wall or braced wall line. Exception: For wood light-frame wall construction, one end of a braced wall panel shall be permitted to extend more than 1 foot mm over an opening not more than 8 feet mm in width in the wall below provided that the opening includes a header in accordance with the following: The building width, loading condition and framing member species limitations of Table R Exceptions: Framing supported directly by continuous foundations at the perimeter of the building.

For wood light-frame construction , floors shall be permitted to be vertically offset when the floor framing is lapped or tied together as required by Section R Exception: Fireplaces , chimneys and masonry veneer as permitted by this code. Wood-framed buildings shall be limited to three stories above grade plane or the limits given in Table R Cold-formed, steel-framed buildings shall be limited to less than or equal to three stories above grade plane in accordance with AISI S Mezzanines as defined in Section R that comply with Section R shall not be considered as stories.

Structural insulated panel buildings shall be limited to two stories above grade plane. Buildings with exterior above- grade concrete walls shall comply with PCA or shall be designed in accordance with ACI Masonry chimneys shall be reinforced and anchored to the building in accordance with Sections R Water heaters shall be anchored against movement and overturning in accordance with Section M Buildings in Seismic Design Category E shall be designed to resist seismic loads in accordance with the International Building Code , except where the seismic design category is reclassified to a lower seismic design category in accordance with Section R Components of buildings not required to be designed to resist seismic loads shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions of this code.

Wood-framed construction, cold-formed, steel-framed construction and masonry and concrete construction, and structural insulated panel construction in regions with ground snow loads 70 pounds per square foot 3. Buildings in regions with ground snow loads greater than 70 pounds per square foot 3. Buildings and structures constructed in whole or in part in flood hazard areas including A O or V Zones or coastal dunes as established in Table R Buildings and structures that are located in more than one flood hazard area or coastal dune shall comply with the provisions associated with the most restrictive provisions of all those flood hazard area s and coastal dunes.

Buildings and structures located in whole or in part in identified floodways shall be designed and constructed in accordance with ASCE As an alternative to the requirements in Section R , ASCE 24 is permitted subject to the limitations of this code and the limitations therein.

The wind and seismic provisions of this code shall apply to buildings with story heights not exceeding the following: For wood wall framing, the story height shall not exceed 11 feet 7 inches mm and the laterally unsupported bearing wall stud height permitted by Table R For cold-formed steel wall framing, the story height shall be not more than 11 feet 7 inches mm and the unsupported bearing wall stud height shall be not more than 10 feet mm.

For masonry walls , the story height shall be not more than 13 feet 7 inches mm and the bearing wall clear height shall be not greater than 12 feet mm. Exception: An additional 8 feet mm of bearing wall clear height is permitted for gable 60 Oak Road Concord Ma Edition end walls. The actual weights of materials and construction shall be used for determining dead load with consideration for the dead load of fixed service equipment. The minimum uniformly distributed live load shall be as provided in Table R Elevated garage floors shall be capable of supporting a 2,pound load applied over a square-inch area.

Uninhabitable attics without storage are those where the clear height between joists and rafters is not more than 42 inches, or where there are not two or more adjacent trusses with web configurations capable of accommodating an assumed rectangle 42 inches in height by 24 inches in width, or greater, within the plane of the trusses.

This live load need not be assumed to act concurrently with any other live load requirements. Individual stair treads shall be designed for the uniformly distributed live load or a pound concentrated load acting over an area of 4 square inches, whichever produces the greater stresses. A single concentrated load applied in any direction at any point along the top. See Section R Guard in-fill components all those except the handrail , balusters and panel fillers shall be designed to withstand a horizontally applied normal load of 50 pounds on an area equal to 1 square foot.

This load need not be assumed to act concurrently with any other live load requirement. Uninhabitable attics with limited storage are those where the clear height between joists and rafters is 42 inches or greater, or where there are two or more adjacent trusses with web configurations capable of accommodating an assumed rectangle 42 inches in height by 24 inches in width, or greater, within the plane of the trusses.

The live load need only be applied to those portions of the joists or truss bottom chords where all of the following conditions are met: The attic area is accessible from an opening not less than 20 inches in width by 30 inches in length that is located where the clear height in the attic is not less than 30 inches. The slopes of the joists or truss bottom chords are not greater than 2 inches vertical to 12 units horizontal. Required insulation depth is less than the joist or truss bottom chord member depth.

The remaining portions of the joists or truss bottom chords shall be designed for a uniformly distributed concurrent live load of not less than 10 pounds per square foot. Glazing used in handrail assemblies and guards shall be designed with a safety factor of 4. The safety factor shall be applied to each of the concentrated loads applied to the top of the rail, and to the load on the in-fill components. These loads shall be determined independent of one another, and loads are assumed not to occur with any other live load.

The roof shall be designed for the live load indicated in Table R The allowable deflection of any structural member under the live load listed in Sections R For the purpose of the determining deflection limits herein, the wind load shall be permitted to be taken as 0.

For cantilever members, L shall be taken as twice the length of the cantilever. Refer to Section R For the purposes of this code, dimensions of lumber specified shall be deemed to be nominal dimensions unless specifically designated as actual dimensions.

Section R Fire-Resistant Construction. Construction, projections, openings and penetrations of exterior walls of dwellings and accessory buildings shall comply with Table R Exceptions: Walls , projections, openings or penetrations in walls perpendicular to the line used to determine the fire separation distance. Walls of dwellings and accessory structures located on the same lot.

Detached tool sheds and storage sheds, playhouses and similar structures exempted from permits are not required to provide wall protection based on location on the lot. Projections beyond the exterior wall shall not extend over the lot line. Detached garages accessory to a dwelling located within 2 feet mm of a lot line are permitted to have roof eave projections not exceeding 4 inches mm.

Foundation vents installed in compliance with this code are permitted. Roof eave fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the eave if fireblocking is provided from the wall top plate to the underside of the roof sheathing. Roof eave fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the eave provided that gable vent openings are not installed.

For residential subdivisions where all dwellings are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section P NFPA 13D , the fire separation distance for nonrated exterior walls and rated projections shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 zero feet, and unlimited unprotected openings and penetrations shall be permitted, where the adjoining lot provides an open setback yard that is 6 six feet or more in width on the opposite side of the property line.

The roof eave fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the eave if fireblocking is provided from the wall top plate to the underside of the roof sheathing. The roof eave fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the eave provided that gable vent openings are not installed. Common walls separating townhouses shall be assigned a fire-resistance rating in accordance with Section R The common wall shared by two townhouses shall be constructed without plumbing or mechanical equipment , ducts or vents in the cavity of the common wall.

The wall shall be rated for fire exposure from both sides and shall extend to and be tight against exterior walls and the underside of the roof sheathing. Electrical installations shall be in accordance with Chapters 34 through Penetrations of the membrane of common walls for electrical outlet boxes shall be in accordance with Section R The fire-resistance-rated wall or assembly separating townhouses shall be continuous from the foundation to the underside of the roof sheathing, deck or slab.

The fire-resistance rating shall extend the full length of the wall or assembly, including wall extensions through and separating attached enclosed accessory structures.

Parapets constructed in accordance with Section R Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are at different elevations and the higher roof is not more than 30 inches mm above the lower roof, the parapet shall extend not less than 30 inches mm above the lower roof surface.

Parapets shall have the same fire-resistance rating as that required for the supporting wall or walls. On any side adjacent to a roof surface, the parapet shall have noncombustible faces for the uppermost 18 inches mm , to include counterflashing and coping materials.

Where the roof slopes toward a parapet at slopes greater than 2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal Each individual townhouse shall be structurally independent. Exceptions: Foundations supporting exterior walls or common walls. Structural roof and wall sheathing from each unit fastened to the common wall framing. Nonstructural wall and roof coverings. Flashing at termination of roof covering over common wall. Townhouses separated by a common wall as provided in Section R Dwelling units in two-family dwellings shall be separated from each other by wall and floor assemblies having not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance rating where tested in accordance with ASTM E or UL Where floor assemblies are required to be fire-resistance rated by Section R Penetrations of wall or floor-ceiling assemblies required to be fire-resistance rated in accordance with Section R Through penetrations of fire-resistance-rated wall or floor assemblies shall comply with Section R Exception: Where the penetrating items are steel, ferrous or copper pipes, tubes or conduits, the annular space shall be protected as follows: In concrete or masonry wall or floor assemblies, concrete , grout or mortar shall be permitted where installed to the full thickness of the wall or floor assembly or the thickness required to maintain the fire-resistance rating, provided that both of the following are complied with: The nominal diameter of the penetrating item is not more than 6 inches mm.

The area of the opening through the wall does not exceed square inches 92 mm 2. The material used to fill the annular space shall prevent the passage of flame and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste where subjected to ASTM E or UL time temperature fire conditions under a positive pressure differential of not less than 0.

Penetrations shall be installed as tested in the approved fire-resistance-rated assembly. Penetrations shall be protected by an approved penetration firestop system installed as tested in accordance with ASTM E or UL , with a positive pressure differential of not less than 0. Membrane penetrations shall comply with Section R Where walls are required to have a fire-resistance rating, recessed fixtures shall be installed so that the required fire-resistance rating will not be reduced.

Exceptions: Membrane penetrations of not more than 2-hour fire-resistance-rated walls and partitions by steel electrical boxes that do not exceed 16 square inches 0. Such boxes on opposite sides of the wall shall be separated by one of the following: By a horizontal distance of not less than 24 inches mm where the wall or partition is constructed with individual noncommunicating stud cavities. By a horizontal distance of not less than the depth of the wall cavity where the wall cavity is filled with cellulose loose-fill, rockwool or slag mineral wool insulation.

By solid fireblocking in accordance with Section R By protecting both boxes with listed putty pads. By other listed materials and methods. Membrane penetrations by listed electrical boxes of any materials provided that the boxes have been tested for use in fire-resistance-rated assemblies and are installed in accordance with the instructions included in the listing.

Such boxes on opposite sides of the wall shall be separated by one of the following: By the horizontal distance specified in the listing of the electrical boxes. The annular space created by the penetration of a fire sprinkler provided that it is covered by a metal escutcheon plate.

Openings and penetrations through the walls or ceilings separating the dwelling from the garage shall be in accordance with Sections R Openings from a private garage directly into a room used for sleeping purposes shall not be permitted. Ducts in the garage and ducts penetrating the walls or ceilings separating the dwelling from the garage shall be constructed of a minimum No.

Penetrations through the separation required in Section R The garage shall be separated as required by Table R Openings in garage walls shall comply with Section R Attachment of gypsum board shall comply with Table R The wall separation provisions of Table R For requirements for foam plastics, see Section R Flame spread and smoke developed indexes for wall and ceiling finishes shall be in accordance with Sections R Wall and ceiling finishes shall have a flame spread index of not greater than Wall and ceiling finishes shall have a smoke-developed index of not greater than As an alternative to having a flame spread index of not greater than and a smoke-developed index of not greater than where tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL , wall and ceiling finishes shall be permitted to be tested in accordance with NFPA Materials tested in accordance with NFPA shall meet the following criteria: The interior finish shall comply with the following: During the 40 kW exposure, flames shall not spread to the ceiling.

The flame shall not spread to the outer extremity of the sample on any wall or ceiling. Flashover, as defined in NFPA , shall not occur. The peak heat release rate throughout the test shall not exceed kW. The total smoke released throughout the test shall not exceed 1, m 2. Flame spread and smoke-developed index for insulation shall be in accordance with Sections R Insulation materials, including facings , such as vapor retarders and vapor-permeable membranes installed within floor-ceiling assemblies, roof-ceiling assemblies, wall assemblies, crawl spaces and attics shall have a flame spread index not to exceed 25 with an accompanying smoke-developed index not to exceed where tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL Exceptions: Where such materials are installed in concealed spaces, the flame spread index and smoke-developed index limitations do not apply to the facings , provided that the facing is installed in substantial contact with the unexposed surface of the ceiling, floor or wall finish.

Cellulosic fiber loose-fill insulation, which is not spray applied, complying with the requirements of Section R Foam plastic insulation shall comply with Section R Loose-fill insulation materials that cannot be mounted in the ASTM E84 or UL apparatus without a screen or artificial supports shall comply with the flame spread and smoke-developed limits of Section R Exposed insulation materials installed on attic floors shall have a critical radiant flux not less than 0.

In combustible construction, fireblocking shall be provided to cut off both vertical and horizontal concealed draft openings and to form an effective fire barrier between stories , and between a top story and the roof space. Fireblocking shall be provided in wood-framed construction in the following locations: In concealed spaces of stud walls and partitions, including furred spaces and parallel rows of studs or staggered studs, as follows: Vertically at the ceiling and floor levels.

Horizontally at intervals not exceeding 10 feet mm. At interconnections between concealed vertical and horizontal spaces such as occur at soffits, drop ceilings and cove ceilings. In concealed spaces between stair stringers at the top and bottom of the run.

Enclosed spaces under stairs shall comply with Section R At openings around vents , pipes, ducts, cables and wires at ceiling and floor level, with an approved material to resist the free passage of flame and products of combustion. For the fireblocking of chimneys and fireplaces , see Section R Fireblocking of cornices of a two-family dwelling is required at the line of dwelling unit separation. Except as provided in Section R Two-inch 51 mm nominal lumber.

Two thicknesses of 1-inch One-half-inch One-quarter-inch 6. Batts or blankets of mineral wool or glass fiber or other approved materials installed in such a manner as to be securely retained in place.

Batts or blankets of mineral or glass fiber or other approved nonrigid materials shall be permitted for compliance with the foot mm horizontal fireblocking in walls constructed using parallel rows of studs or staggered studs. Unfaced fiberglass batt insulation used as fireblocking shall fill the entire cross section of the wall cavity to a height of not less than 16 inches mm measured vertically. Where piping, conduit or similar obstructions are encountered, the insulation shall be packed tightly around the obstruction.

Loose-fill insulation material shall not be used as a fireblock unless specifically tested in the form and manner intended for use to demonstrate its ability to remain in place and to retard the spread of fire and hot gases. In combustible construction where there is usable space both above and below the concealed space of a floor-ceiling assembly, draftstops shall be installed so that the area of the concealed space does not exceed 1, square feet Draftstopping shall divide the concealed space into approximately equal areas.

Where the assembly is enclosed by a floor membrane above and a ceiling membrane below, draftstopping shall be provided in floor-ceiling assemblies under the following circumstances: Ceiling is suspended under the floor framing. Floor framing is constructed of truss-type open-web or perforated members.

Draftstopping shall be installed parallel to the floor framing members unless otherwise approved by the building official. The integrity of the draftstops shall be maintained. Penetrations or openings for ducts, vents , electrical outlets, lighting, devices, luminaires, wires, speakers, drainage, piping and similar openings or penetrations shall be permitted.

Exceptions: Floor assemblies located directly over a space protected by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section P, NFPA 13, 13R, or 13D, or other approved equivalent sprinkler system.

Floor assemblies located directly over a crawl space not intended for storage or fuel-fired appliances. Portions of floor assemblies shall be permitted to be unprotected where complying with the following: The aggregate area of the unprotected portions does not exceed 80 square feet 7.

Wood floor assemblies using dimension lumber or structural composite lumber equal to or greater than 2-inch by inch Combustible insulation shall be separated not less than 3 three inches 76 mm from recessed luminaires, fan motors , knob and tube wiring, and other heat-producing devices. Exception: Where heat-producing devices are listed for lesser clearances, combustible insulation complying with the listing requirements shall be separated in accordance with the conditions stipulated in the listing.

Recessed luminaires installed in the building thermal envelope shall meet the requirements of Section N Habitable rooms shall have an aggregate glazing area of not less than 8 percent of the floor area of such rooms.

Natural ventilation shall be through windows, skylights, doors, louvers or other approved openings to the outdoor air. Such openings shall be provided with ready access or shall otherwise be readily controllable by the building occupants. The openable area to the outdoors shall be not less than 4 percent of the floor area being ventilated. Exceptions: The glazed areas need not be openable where the opening is not required by Section R and a whole-house mechanical ventilation system is installed in accordance with Section M The glazed areas need not be installed in rooms where Exception 1 is satisfied and artificial light is provided that is capable of producing an average illumination of 6 footcandles 65 lux over the area of the room at a height of 30 inches mm above the floor level.

Use of sunroom and patio covers, as defined in Section R , shall be permitted for natural ventilation if in excess of 40 percent of the exterior sunroom walls are open, or are enclosed only by insect screening. For the purpose of determining light and ventilation requirements, any room shall be considered to be a portion of an adjoining room where not less than one-half of the area of the common wall is open and unobstructed and provides an opening of not less than one-tenth of the floor area of the interior room and not less than 25 square feet 2.

Exception: Openings required for light or ventilation shall be permitted to open into a sunroom with thermal isolation or a patio cover, provided that there is an openable area between the adjoining room and the sunroom or patio cover of not less than one-tenth of the floor area of the interior room and not less than 20 square feet 2 m 2.

The minimum openable area to the outdoors shall be based upon the total floor area being ventilated. Bathrooms, water closet compartments and other similar rooms shall be provided with aggregate glazing area in windows of not less than 3 square feet 0. Exception: The glazed areas shall not be required where artificial light and a local exhaust system are provided. The minimum local exhaust rates shall be determined in accordance with Section M Exhaust air from the space shall be exhausted directly to the outdoors.

Mechanical ventilation in accordance with section M is required for all bathrooms with a shower or bathtub and rooms with a toilet. Where the air infiltration rate of a dwelling unit is 5 air changes per hour or less where tested with a blower door at a pressure of 0. Outdoor intake and exhaust openings shall be located in accordance with Sections R Mechanical and gravity outdoor air intake openings shall be located not less than 10 feet mm from any hazardous or noxious contaminant, such as vents , chimneys , plumbing vents , streets, alleys, parking lots and loading docks.

For the purpose of this section, the exhaust from dwelling unit toilet rooms, bathrooms and kitchens shall not be considered as hazardous or noxious. Exceptions: The foot mm separation is not required where the intake opening is located 3 feet mm or greater below the contaminant source.

Vents and chimneys serving fuel-burning appliances shall be terminated in accordance with the applicable provisions of Chapters 18 and Clothes dryer exhaust ducts shall be terminated in accordance with Section M Openings shall be protected against local weather conditions. Outdoor air exhaust and intake openings shall meet the provisions for exterior wall opening protectives in accordance with this code. Interior stairways shall be provided with an artificial light source to illuminate the landings and treads.

The light source shall be capable of illuminating treads and landings to levels of not less than 1 foot-candle 11 lux as measured at the center of treads and landings. There shall be a wall switch at each floor level to control the light source where the stairway has six or more risers.

Exception: A switch is not required where remote, central or automatic control of lighting is provided. Exterior stairways shall be provided with an artificial light source located at the top landing of the stairway.

Exterior stairways providing access to a basement from the outdoor grade level shall be provided with an artificial light source located at the bottom landing of the stairway. Required glazed openings shall open directly onto a street or public alley, or a yard or court located on the same lot as the building.

Exceptions: Required glazed openings that face into a roofed porch where the porch abuts a street, yard or court and the longer side of the porch is not less than 65 percent unobstructed and the ceiling height is not less than 7 feet mm.

Eave projections shall not be considered as obstructing the clear open space of a yard or court. Required glazed openings that face into the area under a deck, balcony, bay or floor cantilever where a clear vertical space not less than 36 inches mm in height is provided.

Required glazed openings shall be permitted to open into sunroom additions or patio covers that abut a street, yard or court if in excess of 40 percent of the exterior sunroom walls are open, or are enclosed only by insect screening, and the ceiling height of the sunroom is not less than 7 feet mm. Where the winter design temperature in Table R The installation of one or more portable space heaters shall not be used to achieve compliance with this section.

Section R Minimum Room Areas. Habitable rooms shall have a floor area of not less than 70 square feet 6. Exception: Kitchens. Habitable rooms shall be not less than 7 feet mm in any horizontal dimension. Portions of a room with a sloping ceiling measuring less than 5 feet mm or a furred ceiling measuring less than 7 feet mm from the finished floor to the finished ceiling shall not be considered as contributing to the minimum required habitable area for that room.

Section R Ceiling Height. Habitable space , and hallways and portions of basements containing these spaces shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 seven feet 2 , mm. Bathrooms, toilet rooms , and laundry rooms and habitable space in basements shall have a ceiling height of not less than 6 six feet , 8 eight inches 2 , mm.

Exceptions: For rooms with sloped ceilings, the required floor area of the room shall have a ceiling height of not less than 5 feet mm and not less than 50 percent of the required floor area shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet mm.

The ceiling height above bathroom and toilet room fixtures shall be such that the fixture is capable of being used for its intended purpose. A shower or tub equipped with a showerhead shall have a ceiling height of not less than 6 feet 8 inches mm above an area of not less than 30 inches mm by 30 inches mm at the showerhead.

Beams, girders, ducts or other obstructions in basements containing habitable space shall be permitted to project to within 6 feet 4 inches mm of the finished floor.

Portions of basements that do not contain habitable space or hallways shall have a ceiling height of not less than 6 feet 8 inches mm. Exception: At beams, girders, ducts or other obstructions, the ceiling height shall be not less than 6 feet 4 inches mm from the finished floor.

Section R Sanitation. Every dwelling unit shall be provided with a water closet , lavatory, and a bathtub or shower. Each dwelling unit shall be provided with a kitchen area and every kitchen area shall be provided with a sink.

Plumbing fixtures shall be connected to a sanitary sewer or to an approved private sewage disposal system. Plumbing fixtures shall be connected to an approved water supply.

Kitchen sinks, lavatories, bathtubs, showers, bidets, laundry tubs and washing machine outlets shall be provided with hot and cold water. Fixtures shall be spaced in accordance with Figure R Bathtub and shower floors and walls above bathtubs with installed shower heads and in shower compartments shall be finished with a nonabsorbent surface. Such wall surfaces shall extend to a height of not less than 6 feet mm above the floor.

Section R Glazing. Except as indicated in Section R The designation shall be acid etched, sandblasted, ceramic-fired, laser etched, embossed, or be of a type that once applied cannot be removed without being destroyed. A label shall be permitted in lieu of the manufacturer's designation.

Exceptions: For other than tempered glass , manufacturer's designations are not required provided that the building official approves the use of a certificate, affidavit or other evidence confirming compliance with this code. Tempered spandrel glass is permitted to be 60 Oak Road Concord Ma Yun identified by the manufacturer with a removable paper designation. See also M. Multi-pane assemblies having individual panes not exceeding 1 square foot 0.

Exposed glass edges shall be smooth. Wired glass with wire exposed on longitudinal edges shall not be used in jalousies or louvered windows. Individual glazed areas, including glass mirrors in hazardous locations such as those indicated as defined in Section R Exceptions: Louvered windows and jalousies shall comply with Section R Mirrors and other glass panels mounted or hung on a surface that provides a continuous backing support.

Glass unit masonry complying with Section R Glazing shall comply with the test criteria for Category II unless otherwise indicated in Table R Exception: Glazing not in doors or enclosures for hot tubs, whirlpools, saunas, steam rooms, bathtubs and showers shall be permitted to be tested in accordance with ANSI Z Glazing shall comply with the test criteria for Class A unless indicated in Table R Use is permitted only by the exception to Section R The locations specified in Sections R Glazing in fixed and operable panels of swinging, sliding and bifold doors shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

Exceptions: Glazed openings of a size through which a 3-inch- diameter 76 mm sphere is unable to pass. Decorative glazing. Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel adjacent to a door shall be considered to be a hazardous location where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 60 inches mm above the floor or walking surface and it meets either of the following conditions: Where the glazing is within 24 inches mm of either side of the door in the plane of the door in a closed position.

Where the glazing is on a wall perpendicular to the plane of the door in a closed position and within 24 inches mm of the hinge side of an in-swinging door. Exceptions: Decorative glazing. Where there is an intervening wall or other permanent barrier between the door and the glazing. Where access through the door is to a closet or storage area 3 feet mm or less in depth. Glazing in this application shall comply with Section R Glazing that is adjacent to the fixed panel of patio doors.

Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel that meets all of the following conditions shall be considered to be a hazardous location : The exposed area of an individual pane is larger than 9 square feet 0. Where a horizontal rail is installed on the accessible side s of the glazing 34 to 38 inches to mm above the walking surface.

Outboard panes in insulating glass units and other multiple glazed panels where the bottom edge of the glass is 25 feet mm or more above grade , a roof, walking surfaces or other horizontal [within 45 degrees 0. Glazing in guards and railings, including structural baluster panels and nonstructural in-fill panels, regardless of area or height above a walking surface shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

Glazing in walls , enclosures or fences containing or facing hot tubs, spas, whirlpools, saunas, steam rooms, bathtubs, showers and indoor or outdoor swimming pools where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 60 inches mm measured vertically above any standing or walking surface shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

This shall apply to single glazing and each pane in multiple glazing. Exception: Glazing that is more than 60 inches mm , measured horizontally and in a straight line, from the water's edge of a bathtub, hot tub, spa, whirlpool or swimming pool or from the edge of a shower, sauna or steam room. Glazing where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 36 inches mm above the plane of the adjacent walking surface of stairways , landings between flights of stairs and ramps shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

Exceptions: Where a rail is installed on the accessible side s of the glazing 34 to 38 inches to mm above the walking surface. Glazing 36 inches mm or more measured horizontally from the walking surface. Glazing adjacent to the landing at the bottom of a stairway where the glazing is less than 36 inches mm above the landing and within a inch mm horizontal arc less than degrees from the bottom tread nosing shall be considered to be a hazardous location.

Exception: The glazing is protected by a guard complying with Section R and the plane of the glass is more than 18 inches mm from the guard. Site-built windows shall comply with Section of the International Building Code. Skylights and sloped glazing shall comply with the following sections. The following types of glazing shall be permitted to be used: Laminated glass with not less than a 0.

Fully tempered glass. Heat-strengthened glass. Wired glass. Approved rigid plastics. For fully tempered or heat-strengthened glass , a retaining screen meeting the requirements of Section R Where the inboard pane is fully tempered, heat-strengthened or wired glass , a retaining screen meeting the requirements of Section R Other panes in the multiple glazing shall be of any type listed in Section R Screens shall not be required where fully tempered glass is used as single glazing or the inboard pane in multiple glazing and either of the following conditions are met: Glass area 16 square feet 1.

Glass area greater than 16 square feet 1. Glass sloped 30 degrees 0. Any glazing material is permitted to be installed without screening in the sloped areas of greenhouses, provided that the greenhouse height at the ridge does not exceed 20 feet mm above grade. The screen and its fastenings shall be capable of supporting twice the weight of the glazing, be firmly and substantially fastened to the framing members, and have a mesh opening of not more than 1 inch by 1 inch 25 mm by 25 mm.

Unit skylights installed in a roof with a pitch flatter than three units vertical in 12 units horizontal percent slope shall be mounted on a curb extending not less than 4 inches mm above the plane of the roof unless otherwise specified in the manufacturer's installation instructions.

Structural wind load design pressures for glass -glazed unit skylights different than the size tested in accordance with Section R Components of the smaller unit shall be the same as those of the tested unit. Such calculated design pressures shall be validated by an additional test of the glass -glazed unit skylight having the highest allowable design pressure.

Section R Garages and Carports. Garage floor surfaces shall be of approved noncombustible material. The area of floor used for parking of automobiles or other vehicles shall be sloped to facilitate the movement of liquids to a drain or toward the main vehicle entry doorway. Carports shall be open on not less than two sides.

Carport floor surfaces shall be of approved noncombustible material. Carports not open on two or more sides shall be considered to be a garage and shall comply with the provisions of this section for garages. Exception: Asphalt surfaces shall be permitted at ground level in carports.

For buildings located in flood hazard areas or coastal dunes , as established by Table R Automatic garage door openers, if provided, shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL Private garages shall be protected by fire sprinklers where the garage wall has been designed based on Table R Garage sprinklers shall be residential sprinklers or quick-response sprinklers, designed to provide a density of 0.

Garage doors shall not be considered obstructions with respect to sprinkler placement. Basements , habitable attics and every sleeping room shall have not less than one operable emergency escape and rescue opening. Where basements contain one or more sleeping rooms, an emergency escape and rescue opening shall be required in each sleeping room.

Emergency escape and rescue openings shall open directly into a public way , or to a yard or court that opens to a public way. Exception: Storm shelters and basements used only to house mechanical equipment not exceeding a total floor area of square feet Emergency escape and rescue openings shall be operational from the inside of the room without the use of keys, tools or special knowledge. Window opening control devices complying with ASTM F shall be permitted for use on windows serving as a required emergency escape and rescue opening.

Emergency escape and rescue openings shall have minimum dimensions as specified in this section. Emergency and escape rescue openings shall have a net clear opening of not less than 5. The net clear opening dimensions required by this section shall be obtained by the normal operation of the emergency escape and rescue opening from the inside.

The net clear height opening shall be not less than 24 inches mm and the net clear width shall be not less than 20 inches mm. In such cases, the minimum net clear opening dimensions shall be 20 inches mm by 24 inches mm in either direction.

Where a window is provided as the emergency escape and rescue opening , it shall have a sill height of not more than 44 inches mm above the floor; where the sill height is below grade , it shall be provided with a window well in accordance with Section R The horizontal area of the window well shall be not less than 9 square feet 0. The area of the window well shall allow the emergency escape and rescue opening to be fully opened.

Exception: The ladder or steps required by Section R Window wells with a vertical depth greater than 44 inches mm shall be equipped with a permanently affixed ladder or steps usable with the window in the fully open position. Ladders or steps required by this section shall not be required to comply with Sections R Ladders or rungs shall have an inside width of not less than 12 inches mm , shall project not less than 3 inches 76 mm from the wall and shall be spaced not more than 18 inches mm on center vertically for the full height of the window well.

Window wells shall be designed for proper drainage by connecting to the building's foundation drainage system required by Section R Exception: A drainage system for window wells is not required where the foundation is on well-drained soil or sand-gravel mixture soils in accordance with the United Soil Classification System, Group I Soils, as detailed in Table R Emergency escape and rescue openings shall be permitted to be installed under decks and porches provided that the location of the deck allows the emergency escape and rescue openings to be fully opened and provides a path not less than 36 inches mm in height to a yard or court.

Replacement windows installed in buildings meeting the scope of this code shall be exempt from the maximum sill height requirements of Sections R The replacement window is of the same operating style as the existing window or a style that provides for an equal or greater window opening area than the existing window.

The replacement window is not part of a change of occupancy. Where a door is provided as the required emergency escape and rescue opening , it shall be permitted to be a side-hinged door or a slider. Where the opening is below the adjacent ground elevation, it shall be provided with a bulkhead enclosure.

The minimum net clear height opening for any door that serves as an emergency and escape rescue opening shall be in accordance with Section R Bulkhead enclosures shall provide direct access from the basement.

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