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02.12.2020When Randal Miles woke up from a nap during his flight from Los Angeles to Paris last week, he opened the interactive map on his seat-back screen to see how much longer he'd be in the air.
But the number that caught his eye was the jet's speed. The Norwegian jet was flying at mph—about mph faster than its standard cruising velocity. On Thursday, a Norwegian on the same route briefly hit an even faster mph for part of its trip, with a tailwind of mph. And on Friday, yet another Norwegian plane used the jet stream to set a new speed record for a subsonic transatlantic crossing. It beat British Airways' record by three minutes and outpaced the standard crossing by half an hour.
The Concorde still holds the ultimate jet planes normally fly in the lower part of the trip among commercial aircraft: 2 hours, 53 minutes. So how does a standard Boeing jet carrying a full complement of passengers and luggage fly so fast? By taking advantage of a particularly vigorous jet stream, a current of air rushing from west to east, across the Atlantic. During Norwegian's record-setting flight, that tailwind reached mph and pushed a Boeing that usually cruises at mph to mph.
Airlines have long made use of the transatlantic jet stream to save time and fuel when flying from the US to Europe. Controllers then aggregate those requests and set specific flight paths for the day that will keep everyone safe and as happy as possible. The results are known as North Atlantic Tracks. That rainbow in the middle marks wind speed, with red signifying the most intense part of the Jetstream. For the return trip, the airlines request paths and altitudes that limit the need to fight fierce headwinds, but those flights still take longer and burn more fuel.
OK, about that "subsonic" bit. You might know that the speed of sound at an altitude of 30, to 40, feet is roughly mph. Those nearmph figures represent ground speed—how fast the aircraft is moving over land. Their air speed, which factors out the mph wind boost, was closer to the 's standard Mach 0. The older Boeing can cruise at Mach 0. When talking supersonic, and breaking sound barriers, it's all jet planes normally fly in the lower part of the trip the speed of the air passing over the wings, which in this case was more like mph.
The hot and heavy jet stream isn't all good. The high winds can increase turbulence, which pilots must work to avoid to protect planes and the passengers on board. And while these fast flights provide a nice publicity bump for Norwegian, airlines typically opt for fuel efficiency over top speed.
They use the jet stream to surf a little and cut fuel consumption—like taking your foot off your car's gas pedal as you go downhill. An unexpectedly fast trip can actually just mean being kept in a holding pattern above the destination airport, or stuck on the ground, waiting for a landing slot or open gate. Airlines and airports operate on strict schedulesand showing up half an hour early isn't super cool.
Forecasts say the strong jet stream should last for a few more days, at least. But as climate change intensifies, atmospheric scientists are looking for possible deviations within the usually reliable river of wind that circles the planet. A recent study suggests the polar jet stream is fluctuating more than normal, but the long-term impact on the Atlantic jet stream which powers these fast flights remains TBD.
For now, passengers just have to relax and enjoy an especially quick or efficient hop across the pond—until it's time to head back. The age of supersonic travel may be coming back, with new planes and less boom. Jet planes normally fly in the lower part of the trip marked the 70th anniversary of the first ever supersonic flight.
Watch famed test pilot Chuck Yeager climb into the low slung cockpit of the Bell Jet planes normally fly in the lower part of the trip The passenger flight with the most bragging rights is probably still Delta's trip straight through hurricane Irmalike it was NBD. Featured Video. Before takeoff, jet engines must prove they're safe, reliable, and capable.
In episode two of WIRED's Flight Mode we step into the massive bunkers where engineers test and maintain these mighty beasts, all to keep you up in the air. Topics Aviation Airlines.
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