The rampie inside the belly of a single-aisle plane places each piece of luggage onto the belt, and their partner takes it off the belt and puts it into a baggage cart. Closer to departure, an aircraft tug will park right in front of the nose wheel. Defense News. Parking the plane. PageFigure

Hooking up the plane. The plane's engines provide thrust and electrical power while in flight, but all passenger planes have a small jet engine which generates electricity when the plane is parked -- an Auxiliary Power Unit, or APU. The APU is in the tail cone, and the pilots start it up to feed power to the plane's systems. But an APU uses costly fuel from the jet's tanks, so many airports provide a ground power system, or there's a generator cart parked at the gate.

Once the plane's access panel is opened and the connection is made with a heavy-duty cable and plug, the source of power is switched, and the engines are shut down.

Connecting the air-con. The APU also energizes the plane's climate control systems, hopefully keeping the cabin at a nice temperature while parked. Like ground power, some airports provide conditioned air through large-diameter flexible ducts that plug into a port on the belly of the plane.

Or you might see a truck-mounted unit doing the job, with a duct snaking to the plane. Large, wide-body aircraft need two air connections to keep the cabin comfortable. The passengers inside the plane have jumped up, and they're waiting impatiently in the aisle to get off -- right now.

If the gate is equipped, a passenger boarding bridge is positioned by the forward left-side doors. Otherwise, truck- or cart-mounted stairs roll up, and passengers experience the excitement of walking down the stairs and onto the ramp, being able to look back at their aircraft. Smaller regional jets and turboprops sit close to the ground, and have stairs built into the inside of the plane's doors, with just a couple of steps to the ramp.

Unloading the luggage and cargo. Pods filled with passengers' bags are handled by a purpose-built machine. On the right Jet Planes Landing And Taking Off Java side of the plane, the ramp team has swung into action. After opening the doors to the baggage and cargo holds, a belt-loader or a pod-loader is positioned, depending on the aircraft. The rampie inside the belly of a single-aisle plane places each piece of luggage onto the belt, and their partner takes it off the belt and puts it into a baggage cart.

The carts head to the baggage room, and the luggage is dropped onto a conveyor, hopefully showing up on a carousel soon after you've arrived. Wide-body planes carrying hundreds of passengers needed an efficient way of handling luggage and cargo, so baggage and cargo pods were developed back when jumbo jets first appeared. Pods are filled with passengers' bags, and handled by a purpose-built machine.

One rampie can operate it, and make the pods dance on the loader's platform or in a plane's holds by activating powered wheels. Stocking up with food. Catering trucks join the crowd outside the plane's fuselage. Rising on a scissor lift, the truck's box matches the height of the plane's galley doors.

The catering crew replaces used galley carts with newly stocked ones, each cart coded for a specific location in the galleys. To service the double-deck Airbus A mega-jet, catering trucks reach way up, to the upper galley doors. Cleaning the toilets. Perhaps it's not the most desirable ramp job, but somebody's got to empty the plane's lavatory holding tanks, and refill the fresh water system. Just like a recreational vehicle, this doesn't happen during every stop. The Harrier is usually flown in STOVL mode, which enables it to carry a higher fuel or weapon load over a given distance.

This gives aerodynamic lift as well as thrust lift and permits taking off with heavier loads and is more efficient. When landing the aircraft is much lighter due to the loss of propellant weight and a controlled vertical landing is possible. An important aspect of Harrier STOL operations aboard naval carriers is the "ski jump" raised forward deck, which gives the craft additional vertical momentum at takeoff. In the 21st century, unmanned drones are becoming increasingly commonplace.

Many of these have VTOL capability, especially the quadcopter type. SpaceX developed several prototypes of Falcon 9 to validate various low-altitude, low-velocity engineering aspects of its reusable launch system development program.

It made its eighth, and final, test flight on October 7, , flying to an altitude of metres 2, ft before making its eighth successful VTVL landing. On November 23, , Blue Origin 's New Shepard booster rocket made the first successful vertical landing following an uncrewed suborbital test flight that reached space.

The helicopter's form of VTOL allows it to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forwards, backwards, and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated areas where fixed-wing aircraft would usually not be able to take off or land.

The capability to efficiently hover for extended periods of time is due to the helicopter's relatively long, and hence efficient rotor blades, and allows a helicopter to accomplish tasks that fixed-wing aircraft and other forms of vertical takeoff and landing aircraft could not perform at least as well until Autogyros are also known as gyroplanes or gyrocopters. The rotor is unpowered and rotates freely in the airflow as the craft travels forward, so the craft needs a conventional powerplant to provide thrust.

An autogyro is not intrinsically capable of VTOL: for VTO the rotor must be spun up to speed by an auxiliary drive, and vertical landing requires precise control of rotor momentum and pitch. Gyrodynes are also known as compound helicopters or compound gyroplanes. A gyrodyne has the powered rotor of a helicopter with a separate forward thrust system of an autogyro. Apart from take-off and landing the rotor may be unpowered and autorotate. Designs may also include stub wings for added lift.

A cyclogyro or cyclocopter has a rotary wing whose axis and surfaces remain sideways across the airflow, as with a conventional wing. A convertiplane takes off under rotor lift like a helicopter, then transitions to fixed-wing lift in forward flight. A tiltrotor or proprotor tilts its propellers or rotors vertically for VTOL and then tilts them forwards for horizontal wing-borne flight, while the main wing remains fixed in place. Similar to tiltrotor concept, but with ducted fans.

As it can be seen in the Bell X A tiltwing has its propellers or rotors fixed to a conventional wing and tilts the whole assembly to transition between vertical and horizontal flight.

A tail-sitter sits vertically on its tail for takeoff and landing, then tilts the whole aircraft forward for horizontal flight. Thrust vectoring is a technique used for jet and rocket engines, where the direction of the engine exhaust is varied. In VTOL, the exhaust can be varied between vertical and horizontal thrust.

Similar to tiltrotor concept, but with turbojet or turbofan engines instead of ones with propellers. A lift jet is an auxiliary jet engine used to provide lift for VTOL operation, but may be shut down for normal wing-borne flight. Lift fan is an aircraft configuration in which lifting fans are located in large holes in an otherwise conventional fixed wing or fuselage. The aircraft takes off using the fans to provide lift, then transitions to fixed-wing lift in forward flight. Several experimental craft have been flown, but only the F Lightning II entered into production.

The craft is designed to direct the airflow downward to provide lift. F flight, transition to STOVL configuration, vertical take off, inflight re-fueling, vertical hover and landing. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For rocket vertical takeoff and landing, see VTVL.

Aircraft takeoff and landing done vertically. Main article: VTVL. Main article: Helicopter. Main article: Autogyro. Main article: Gyrodyne. Main article: Cyclogyro. Main article: Powered lift. Main article: Convertiplane.

Main article: Tiltrotor. Main article: Tiltwing. Main article: Tail-sitter. Main article: Thrust vectoring. Main article: Tiltjet. Main article: Lift jet. Main article: Lift fan. Play media. Aviation portal. Aviation Management: Global Perspectives.

ISBN Patent 1,, Retrieved; 10 July Retrieved Retrieved: May 24, Global India Publications. Retrieved: 24 May Retrieved 13 July Page , Figure Retrieved: 10 July Pegasus: The Heart of the Harrier. Retrieved 13 June Basics of Aeronautics. The Maritime Foundation. Retrieved 20 January Popular Science.

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