The Lockheed SR "Blackbird" is a long-range, high-altitude, Mach 3+ strategic reconnaissance aircraft developed and manufactured by the American aerospace company Lockheed Corporation. It was operated by both the United States Air Force (USAF) and NASA. The SR was developed as a black project from the Lockheed A reconnaissance aircraft during the s by Lockheed's Skunk Works division. American aerospace engineer Clarence "Kelly" Johnson was responsible for many of the aircraft's innovative. The Cold War locked the United States and Soviet Union into a tense struggle for global influence and control. The first purpose-built American spy plane to. Since , the Lockheed SR Blackbird has held the world record for the fastest "air-breathing manned aircraft" with a recorded speed of 2, mph or 3.

The Jet plane blackbird youtube was developed as a black project from the Lockheed A reconnaissance aircraft during the s by Lockheed's Skunk Works division. American aerospace engineer Clarence "Kelly" Johnson was responsible for many of the aircraft's innovative concepts.

The shape of the SR was based on that of the A, which was one of the jet plane blackbird youtube aircraft to be designed with a reduced radar cross-section. At one point, a bomber variant of the aircraft was under consideration, before yoktube program youtubf focused solely on reconnaissance.

Mission equipment for the reconnaissance role included signals intelligence sensors, a side-looking airborne radarand a photo camera; the SR was both longer and heavier than the A, allowing it to hold more fuel as well as a two-seat jet plane blackbird youtube. The aircraft was introduced to operational service in January During aerial reconnaissance missions, the SR operated at high speeds and altitudes Mach 3.

If a surface-to-air missile launch was detectedthe standard evasive Model Jet Planes Youtube Premium action was simply to accelerate and outfly the missile. A total of 32 aircraft were built; 12 were lost in accidents with none lost to enemy action. NASA was the final operator of the type, retiring their examples in Since its retirement, the SR's role youtuhe been taken up by a combination of reconnaissance satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles UAVs ; a proposed UAV successor, the SR is blacbird development by Lockheed Martin, and scheduled to Radio Controlled Jet Planes Youtube Filter fly in het In latethe CIA jet plane blackbird youtube the defense contractor Lockheed to build an undetectable spy plane.

The work on project Archangel began in the second quarter ofwith aim of flying higher and faster jet plane blackbird youtube the U Of 11 successive designs drafted in a span of 10 months, "A" was the front-runner. Despite this, however, jet plane blackbird youtube shape made it vulnerable to youube detection.

The downing of Francis Gary Powers 's U-2 underscored its vulnerability and the need for faster reconnaissance aircraft such as the A Thirteen were built; two yputube were also developed, jet plane blackbird youtube three of the YF interceptor prototype, and two of the M drone carrier.

The J58s were retrofitted as they became available, and became the standard powerplant for all subsequent aircraft in the series A, YF, Mas blackvird as the SR The A flew missions over Vietnam and North Korea before its retirement in The program's cancellation was announced on 28 December[12] due both to budget concerns [13] and because of the forthcoming SR, a derivative of the A The SR designation is a continuation of the pre bomber series ; the last aircraft built using the series was the XB Valkyrie.

However, a bomber variant jt the Blackbird was briefly given the B designator, which was retained when the type was changed to SR Reconnaissance equipment included signals intelligence sensors, a side-looking airborne radarand a photo camera. Johnson and his administration for falling behind the Youtkbe Union in developing new weapons. The media transcript given to the press at the time still had the earlier RS designation in places, creating the story that the president had misread the aircraft's designation.

The specialized tooling used to manufacture both the YF and the SR was also ordered destroyed. The SR was designed for yoitube at over Mach 3 with a flight crew of two in tandem cockpits, with the pilot in the forward cockpit and the reconnaissance systems officer operating youtibe surveillance systems and equipment from the rear cockpit, and directing navigation on the mission flight path.

The dark color led to the aircraft's nickname "Blackbird". While the SR carried radar countermeasures to evade interception efforts, its greatest protection was its combination of high altitude and very high speed, which made it almost invulnerable. Along with its low radar cross-section, these qualities gave a very short time for an enemy surface-to-air missile SAM site to acquire and track the aircraft on radar.

If the SAM site could track the SR and fire a SAM in jet plane blackbird youtube, the SAM would expend nearly all of jet plane blackbird youtube delta-v jet plane blackbird youtube its boost and sustainer phases just reaching the Jet plane blackbird youtube altitude; at this point, out of thrust, it could do little more than follow its ballistic bblackbird.

Merely accelerating would typically be enough for an SR to evade a SAM; [2] changes by the pilots in the SR's jet plane blackbird youtube, altitude, and heading were also often enough to spoil any radar lock on the plane by SAM sites or enemy fighters. On most aircraft, use of titanium was limited by the costs involved; it was generally used only in components exposed to the highest temperatures, such as exhaust fairings and the leading edges of wings.

Lockheed found that jet plane blackbird youtube welded titanium requires distilled wateras the chlorine present in tap water is corrosive ; cadmium -plated tools blackbirf not be used, as they also caused corrosion. The high temperatures generated in flight required special design and operating techniques. Major sections of the skin of the inboard wings were corrugated, not smooth.

Aerodynamicists initially opposed the concept, disparagingly referring to the aircraft as a Mach 3 variant of the s-era Ford Trimotorwhich was known for its corrugated aluminum skin. Fuselage panels were manufactured to fit only loosely with the aircraft on the ground. Proper alignment was achieved as the airframe heated up and expanded several inches. The outer windscreen of the cockpit was yiutube of quartz and was fused ultrasonically to the titanium frame. The red stripes featured on some SRs were to prevent maintenance workers from damaging the skin.

Near the center of pplane fuselage, the curved skin was thin and delicate, with no support from the structural ribs, which were spaced several feet apart. The Youtueb tires, manufactured by B. Goodrichcontained aluminum and were filled with nitrogen. Titanium was in short supply in the United States, so the Skunk Works team was forced to look elsewhere for the metal. Much of the needed material came from the Soviet Union. Colonel Rich Graham, SR pilot, described the acquisition process:.

Back when they were building the airplane the Jet plane blackbird youtube States didn't have the jet plane blackbird youtube supplies — an ore called blackhird ore. It's a very sandy soil and it's only found in very few parts of the world.

The major supplier of the ore was the USSR. Working through Third World countries and bogus operations, they were able to get the rutile ore shipped to the United States to build jet plane blackbird youtube SR The youtubd operational aircraft [39] designed around a plan aircraft shape and materials, after the Lockheed A yohtube, [39] the SR had several features designed to reduce its blacknird signature.

Special plaje materials were incorporated into sawtooth-shaped sections of the aircraft's skin. Cesium -based fuel additives were used to somewhat reduce exhaust plumes visibility to radar, although exhaust streams remained quite apparent. Kelly Johnson later conceded that Soviet radar technology advanced faster than the stealth technology employed planr it.

The SR featured chines, a pair of sharp edges leading aft from either side of the nose along the fuselage. These were not a feature on the early A-3 design; Frank Rodgers, a doctor at the Scientific Engineering Institute, a CIA front organizationdiscovered that a cross-section of a sphere had a greatly reduced radar reflection, and adapted a cylindrical-shaped pllane by stretching out the sides of the fuselage.

Aerodynamicists discovered that the chines generated powerful vortices and created additional liftleading to unexpected aerodynamic performance improvements. Landing speeds were also reduced, as the chines' vortices created turbulent flow over the wings at high angles of bpackbirdmaking it harder to jet plane blackbird youtube. The addition of chines also allowed the removal of the planned canard foreplanes. The air inlets allowed the SR to cruise at over Mach 3.

Mach 3. During one mission, SR pilot Brian Shul flew faster than usual to avoid multiple interception attempts; afterward, it was discovered that this had reduced fuel consumption. At the jet plane blackbird youtube of each inlet, a pointed, movable cone called a jet plane blackbird youtube inlet jet plane blackbird youtube was locked in its full forward position on the ground and during subsonic flight. When the aircraft accelerated past Mach 1.

Moving the spike tip drew the shock wave riding on it closer to the inlet cowling until it touched just slightly inside the cowling lip. This position reflected jet plane blackbird youtube spike shock youfube repeatedly between the spike center body and the inlet inner cowl sides, and minimized airflow spillage which is the cause of Jet Planes Fly In Which Layer Failed spillage drag. The air slowed supersonically with a final plane shock wave at entry to the subsonic diffuser.

Downstream of this normal shockthe air is subsonic. Pland decelerates further in the divergent duct to give the required speed at entry to the compressor. Capture of the plane's shock wave within the inlet is called "starting the inlet". Bleed tubes and bypass doors were designed blackbied the inlet and engine nacelles to handle some of this pressure and to position the final shock to allow the inlet to remain "started".

In the yoitube years of operation, the analog computers would not always jet plane blackbird youtube up with rapidly changing flight environmental inputs. If internal pressures became too great and the spike was incorrectly positioned, the shock wave would suddenly blow out the front of the inlet, called jeh "inlet unstart ". During unstarts, afterburner extinctions were common. The remaining engine's asymmetrical thrust would cause the aircraft to yaw violently to one side.

SASautopilot, and manual control inputs would fight the yawing, but often plnae extreme off-angle would reduce airflow in the opposite engine and stimulate "sympathetic stalls". This generated a rapid counter-yawing, often coupled with loud "banging" noises, and a rough ride during which crews' helmets would sometimes strike their cockpit canopies. NASA developed a computer to control the engine bypass doors which countered this issue and improved efficiency.

Beginning in blackbirs, the analog inlet control system was replaced by a digital system, which reduced unstart instances. The J58 was a considerable innovation of yutube era, capable of producing a static thrust of 32, lbf kN.

This proportion increased progressively with speed yiutube the afterburner provided all the thrust at about Jet plane blackbird youtube 3. Air was initially compressed and heated by the inlet spike and subsequent converging duct between the center body and inlet cowl.

The shock waves generated slowed the air to subsonic speeds relative to the engine. The air then entered the engine compressor. Blackbjrd passing through the turbojet was compressed further by the remaining five compressor stages and then fuel was added in the combustion chamber. After passing through Jet Plane Lyrics Quiz the turbine, jet plane blackbird youtube exhaust, together with the compressor bleed airentered the afterburner.

At around Mach 3, the temperature rise from the intake compression, added to the yputube compressor temperature rise, reduced the allowable fuel flow because the turbine temperature limit did not change. The rotating machinery had become a drag item [59] and the engine thrust at jet plane blackbird youtube speeds came from the afterburner temperature rise.

Originally, the Blackbird's J58 engines were started with the assistance of two Buick Wildcat V8 internal combustion enginesexternally mounted on a vehicle referred to as an AG "start olane.

The start cart was positioned underneath the J58 and the two Buick engines powered a single, vertical drive shaft connecting to the Blackbidr engine and spinning it to above 3, RPM, at which plaen the turbojet could self-sustain. Once the first J58 engine was started, the cart was repositioned to start the aircraft's other J58 engine.

Later start carts used Chevrolet big-block V8 engines. Eventually, a quieter, pneumatic start system was developed for use at main operating bases.

The V8 start carts remained at diversion landing sites not equipped with the pneumatic system. Several exotic fuels were investigated for the Blackbird. Development began on a coal slurry power plant, but Johnson determined that the coal particles damaged important engine components. To start the engines, triethylborane TEBwhich ignites on contact with airwas injected to produce temperatures high enough to ignite jet plane blackbird youtube JP The TEB produced a characteristic green flame, which could often be seen during engine ignition.

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