Cabinet & Furniture Hinges. Select the department you want to search in. Cabinet & Furniture Hinges All Departments Deals Audible Books & Originals Alexa Skills Amazon Devices Amazon Pharmacy Amazon Warehouse Appliances Apps & Games Arts, Crafts & Sewing Automotive Parts & Accessories Baby Beauty & Personal Care Books CDs & Vinyl Cell Phones & Accessories Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry Women Men Girls Boys Baby Under $10 Amazon Explore Collectibles & Fine Art Computers Courses Credit and Payment Cards Digital Educational Resources Digital Music Electronic. Notice the small bar near the hinge pivot mechanism. This bar will locate the Mounting Plate groove into its forward position.  The Easy way to install Cabinet Doors using Blum Hinges - Mad Nerd Workshop. 4, blum cabinet hinges products are offered for sale by suppliers on www.- , of which kitchen cabinets accounts for 13%, furniture hinges accounts for 1%. A wide variety of blum cabinet hinges options are available to you, such as classic, antique, and modern. You can also choose from artificial quartz blum cabinet hinges, as well as from solid wood blum cabinet hinges, and whether blum cabinet hinges is backsplash, or drawer basket. There are 3, suppliers who sells blum cabinet hinges on www.- , mainly located in Asia. The top countries of suppliers are China, Vietnam, from wh. Thin white security straps around cardboard cut into cabinet surface and damaged paint. The sides, shelves, and backs will always have plywood. A distinction must be made between the balance of power as a fact and the balance of power as a system. The right of each signatory to choose its own domestic structure and religious orientation free from intervention was affirmed, while novel clauses ensured that minority lbum could practice their faith in peace and be free from the blum cabinet hinges near me vision of blum cabinet hinges near me vision conversion. Diplomatic exchanges, including the stationing of resident representatives in the capitals of fellow states a practice followed before then generally only by Caninetwere designed to regulate relations and promote the arts of peace. Which Crestwood gision this? Or some other manufacturer named Crestwood?

I don't know why anyone would buy their kitchen anywhere else. Barbara from London 'Please find attached photos of finished kitchen. We are very pleased with the kitchen - it is of beautiful quality and is everything we could have wished for.

Our order was for the units only - we purchased accessories and worktops elsewhere. We would certainly recommend DIY kitchens - the experience and service has been excellent. We wanted to find a cheaper way to get a bespoke kitchen, and couldn't believe all the options available to us from DIY kitchens.

Our fitter commented on the high quality of the units and all the fixings, and we are so happy with the end result. We found DIY kitchens on a discussion forum on moneysavingexpert. We felt like this was the perfect way to create our new kitchen! Julie From Southampton ' I found DIY kitchens through social media, paid a visit to their showroom, which was a very long day out but well worth it to see all the fabulous ranges.

Ordering the kitchens from DIY kitchens was really simple other than me changing my mind on things a few times as I had already planned out with the help of my friendly fitter.

The bespoke colour matching really made the difference as I knew I wanted something a little different and something that was personal to me. The quality of the units is excellent, a really good standard for the price point and I have been so pleased with the quartz worktop, from a painless installation to now have a easy to clean and use kitchen. I just wish I had done it sooner! Lily the cat loves sitting on top of the fridge as you can see and I see my children far more now they can sit in the kitchen!

Andy from Kent 'In all of my nearly 40 years of experience, this is the most satisfying installation I have ever done. The units were exactly as ordered and the quality is just superb.

The attention to detail carried out by the team in the factory is excellent with only small adjustments necessary on occasion to have everything running perfectly, well done DIY Kitchens. I first heard of DIY Kitchens when my brother built his own house, since then this is the 4th kitchen I have installed for the family and they have all been a pleasure to do. After receiving quotes from builders and a well known high street kitchen manufacturer that were almost as much as the price we paid for the house albeit 25 years ago , we decided to tackle the job ourselves.

We checked out several suppliers and the big DIY warehouses but, after doing a Google search for kitchen suppliers, chose DIY kitchens because of the positive reviews and good choice of styles and colours. After experimenting with several layouts on the computer the unit dimensions on the DIY Kitchens website made it easy to create them in Google Sketchup , we ordered all the units and worktops, which arrived just before the lockdown.

Not being able to get materials, or specialist trades people like electricians or flooring layers, meant the job took far longer than it would normally have done but we are finally finished bar a few paint touch-ups etc. The odd damaged or missing item on the order was quickly replaced by DIY Kitchens without any quibble, and the fact that the units came ready assembled saved quite a bit of time.

An offset of the worktop was used to make a small matching cafe-style table with the addition of a cast metal base - a lovely place to sit and have a coffee while the cakes are baking.

Strangely, one of the most commented on features are the copper effect handles, which are really set off by the anthracite doors and drawer fronts, and were very reasonably priced. Either way you will save a packet and end up with a kitchen to be proud of. Stephanie from Carmanthenshire 'Here are some pictures of our completed kitchen. Thank you for all your help in the design, order and after sales.

Mike from Devon 'Quality of kitchen units were very good, very happy with everything. Aparna from Hertfordshire 'The process of buying a kitchen from DIY Kitchens has been fantastic, we had already gone with another highstreet retailer and paid an advance to them.

But, with them I knew I was making some compromises. We are South Indian and use various types of beans, lentils, different flours etc, so loved the walk-in larder. The main reason to go for DIY kitchens was that I could customise the entire kitchen to my needs.

The kitchen came all assembled and it was so easy to assemble. Good quality kitchen, without costing an arm and a leg. We are pleased with the quality and any issues we've had have been quickly sorted.

DIY kitchens were recommend by our nephew. We love it! We certainly felt like we made a decent saving by using an online kitchen company opposed to a high street giant.

We were told about DIY kitchens by two seperate sets of friends, both had their kitchens from you, they thoroughly recommended them, so we thought we would give it a try and we are so glad we did! The grid you sent with the pack helped us to work out what we could comfortably fit into our space and this was definitely the bit we were most daunted by! But our builder helped check and double check our choices so that really helped.

We've had loads of nice comments from family and friends and it's completely transformed the way our whole family live That's Hugo in the pic 2. Rob from Leeds 'Here are some kitchen pics. There's a before, during and after shots. Still pleased with the quality of the units a year on. All working well and running smooth. Elaine from Lancashire 'We love our kitchen, everything is good quality, looks expensive although was very competitively prices, we love the colour and the wood worktop is striking!

The service we received when looking around the showroom was fantastic and lots of advice when ordering! The after sales was also excellent and any queries answered immediately!

We would have and will continue to recommend diy kitchens! We heard about you via our builder, he also recommended we look around the showroom, we did and it was well worth the couple of hours drive to it. David from Deptford 'Quality of doors and units - excellent. Will definitely use again although I am retired. I installed this kitchen in my daughter's flat.

The before pictures are tagged by date as they were taken on a phone. The after pictures were taken with a fish-eye lens with some stitching as the kitchen is VERY small. The new kitchen is slightly larger than before as a cloakroom was incorporated.

The sink is mounted on an adapted oven housing to fit in the space and the vertical pull-out was cut down to fit the available width for a spice rack. Su from East Grinstead 'I have attached four photos plus an old one.

We had a wall from the dining room to the kitchen removed which opened up the feel of the kitchen completely as well as blocking in the window and door which was in the corner. The floor space is the same but it feels so much more now. The hob, sink and fridge are in the same locations as before, but by moving the oven and getting two ovens located next to the fridge freezer enabled me to have the pan drawers under the hob.

We opted for plain units, as I do not like dust catcher ridges and my husband wanted green, we also chose a lighter interior. We only purchased the units and fridge freezer, from yourselves, we sourced the Corian work tops and other items elsewhere. We are very pleased with the quality of the units. You were recommended to us by a friend who has rental properties and has used you more than once for the refurbishments of the properties.

The downside for us is that you have to know exactly what you want so we did not get it all correct first time. As well as being a lovely kitchen we definitely saved money with you. Greg from Kent 'Hi, I thought I'd send these photos, as the kitchen turned out really well.

The quality is good and I'm really glad I went for the painted finish, as it's versatile, and I made an error which required the larder unit to be modified, which we were able to do as I'd ordered some paint for an mdf panel which finishes the side of the wine rack. I'm glad I went for the curved units and also the curved corner posts, which I thought were somewhat overpriced, but lovely softening details they are.

Good array of options and good service, very happy overall, the kitchen is fantastic and a pleasure to use. Peter from London 'I was left in no doubt it was solid wood after getting it up three flights of stairs, but you can really tell the difference.

Everything is excellent quality, super smooth and feels built to last. My friend got one and we shamelessly copied them. Staff couldn't be more helpful and were extremely patient with the number of times I visited and revamped my design. I had a few teething problems with the finish on a couple of doors but they were soon rectified in a professional manner.

Would highly recommend DIYK. My fitter was also very impressed and said they were the best units he had ever fitted. Aga from Penarth 'So pleased with my Carrera Bespoke kitchen! We were beyond impressed with everything from packaging to quality of carcasses, finish, hinges and overall neatness of the product. The pre assembled units as standard were a total winner, we have never done it before yet we were able to install everything ourselves in just a few days.

Miles from Cheltenham 'The service provided was excellent, all problems were quickly resolved. The units themselves were of similar quality to other units that family members have purchased from another company who also use Egger board construction. Theirs however were 3 times the price! The unit build quality was great and the delivery service also very good. For my kitchen we achieved the floor to ceiling look by cutting down the mm legs on a saw.

We then routed out the base units to accommodate an Ostermann handless rail profile under the worktop as can be seen. This means no handles are required. The units also have Blum Tip on drilled into them to allow push to open to be available.

The draw fronts were cut down and re-edge banded so that a rail could be housed in between the the bottom and middle draw. This means there are also no handles required on the drawers. Splashbacks in grey with changeable colour led strip lighting housed behind a strip of cornice. The only thing I would change is the oven cupboards. There is no need for the small door front under the oven if the top cupboard had been made slightly larger this would not be needed.

Steve from East Sussex 'The overall impression that the replacement kitchen gives is one of very clean and simple lines and offer a bang-up-to-date appearance, smart and classy while having not depleted the bank account. With a top quality sink set into the Duropal worktop this looks like a considerably more expensive kitchen than it was.

Very pleasing and the units certainly come with a high recommendation. The joy of pre-assembled cabinets and fitments cannot be over emphasised!

It makes the kitchen a joy to fit. Ian from Woking 'Carrera grey kitchen, fitted by myself. Excellent quality units, solid, great finish. Darren from Benwick 'I enjoyed the fact that I was able to totally design my own kitchen. The website was easy to use and showed all the kitchen combinations in detail.

The ordering process was easy and the after order service - excellent! Delivery was when arranged and professional and the fact all units were built was a nice little bonus.

I had help in fitting the kitchen and the end result is so much better than we ever imagined. DIY Kitchens was recommended to me by a friend and I would recommend them to anyone else I know - the products and service in my opinion are second to none. The fact that all doors, drawers etc arrive already fitted to the units not only saved time but also made it easier to identify each unit and were it was to be fitted.

As I fitted the kitchen myself never fitted one before! Our doors are the Luca integrated handle style which we chose for their clean lines, the handle groove is deeper than some we had seen making them easy to open.

The paint finish is fantastic and gives the kitchen a lovely quality feel. We heard of DIY kitchens through a family member who had visited your showroom and recommended we take a look. It was helpful to see so many different styles and kitchen layouts in one place and all the staff were helpful. Andrew from Bradford 'I have attached some photos of the finished kitchen that you are welcome to use on your website.

We love the calming colour of the Carrera Sage units. They are easy to keep clean and we liked that the colour and design was different to most kitchens you see on display while still combining easily with appliance, worktop and floor options. The units and fittings are well made and everyone who sees them thinks we have spent a fortune on the kitchen.

Lara from Bristol 'Thank you so much for all your support when planning my kitchen. We are over the moon with the final kitchen, great quality and easy to fit. Here some pictures of the outcome. Please pass on our thanks to all the staff for a first rate job from order to delivery. Please thank Jon in the sales room who patiently helped with my original order and my subsequent request for a few more items that I had failed to request originally.

Gabriela from Luton 'Here are some pictures of my diy kitchen I just finished yesterday! Martha from Holfirth 'Just wanted to send you some photos of our finished kitchen, which we are thrilled with. Feel free to share!

Our joiner fits a lot of kitchens but hasn't come across your company before. He is really impressed with the quality of the units and the service we have received and is very likely to recommend you to his other customers from now on. Great service! Wendy from Tullibody 'Some pictures of my newly installed kitchen from DIY Kitchens, great quality and great to deal with.

Tracy from West Midlands 'Our kitchen. April We are thrilled with how it turned our. Great quality and great customer service. Have recommended to several friends. We found DIY kitchens just through google search. We took a ride up to showroom Aug bank hols to look at a driftwood style kitchen.

Saw a kitchen on display cento wenge. This is the result The chairs are called Eames repro chairs and we got them from an online company called Pash living. Great price and value. Lovely quality kitchen.

Excellent support from the team to help me to plan the kitchen myself. I felt I was able to ask any questions via email even obvious stuff I just needed reassurance about. Due to the wide range of sizes and styles I was able to get the most from my small kitchen, which was important to me.

The door sample service is really useful too. Everything seemed really intuitive and easy to understand. Rebecca from Norfolk 'Thanks for all your help. Our son is about to order his kitchen from you. Lee from Seaford 'I am pleased to include some pictures of our completed kitchen. The kitchen units, worktops and the appliances we purchased were of a very high quality. Our kitchen fitter was also impressed with the build quality of the product.

We found DIY Kitchens when searching on-line during the planning stage for our kitchen. I have also included a picture of our dog Buzz who also loves our new kitchen. We are so pleased with this. Great kitchen, great price, great quality.

Feel free to upload to your social channels. I thought I would share with you the kitchen that has been designed with your wonderful products! I'm so pleased with the look and have nothing but endless wonderful comments about the space we've created! I've attached some photos and also linked to my blog too.

I'm going to post about the excellent customer service received form you and the team next week as my readers are really keen to hear more! Fleur from Taplow 'I'm really pleased with my new kitchen - the quality outstanding , service and delivery exceptional. I attach a couple of pics so that you can see how I have integrated it within my existing brown wooden kitchen. Previously the kitchen was all brown which i found depressing.

By replacing the base units with diy-kitchens white ones, new Duropal worktop, Franke 1. I am so pleased. Anything that is not perfect about it was in the fitting, not the units! Karen from Normanton 'We heard about DIY kitchens from the daughter of our Architect who was drawing up the plans for our new kitchen extension.

My brother in law recommended DIY, we visited the showroom met with Josh who was really helpful and gave us a great insight into the ordering process.

We were shocked with how reasonable the quote was which then allowed us to upgrade our laminate worktops to 30ml granite. The quality of the kitchen is fantastic, so easy to assemble and delivered all ready together.

Rachel from Cambridge 'Please find attached images of our Cento kitchen. Nicola from Lancs 'Finally, after taking 4 weeks to find the right tiles we are done. Absolutely love it! Thank you! We kept it simple and white and after much deliberation chose the Blanco Zeus Extreme Silestone for our counter tops, which is more expensive than some, but gives a lovely clean, crisp finish. Customer service before and after was excellent, and the whole kitchen seemed extremely good value for money.

We particularly love the pan drawers and the two undercounter cupboards with pull-out wire baskets, which are really good quality, very robust and glide effortlessly in and out. We fitted the kitchen ourselves and so were able to adapt things a little as we went - we added plinth drawers, having ordered some extra drawer fronts, and we added an internal drawer in the space above the bins in the pull out bin cupboard which has worked really well - perhaps that could be a design feature DIY kitchens could incorporate in the future.

We also changed the doors on the top cupboards of the towers. We got rid of the fillers and just had bigger doors instead, and made them so that they opened to the side rather than opening upwards. The one big mistake in our design was not thinking carefully enough about which way the cupboard doors should open, we were able to change a couple but not all, so really think through how your kitchen will work.

We had never heard of DIY kitchens until a chance conversation, but now recommend them highly to anyone thinking about changing their kitchen. Trudie from Sandhurst 'Overall Impressions: Solid, stylish, easy to install. Tony from Cardiff 'The quality of the units is up there with the high end standard of kitchens that you would find in most Independent kitchen retailers.

Construction is solid - pre assembled with glued dowels not cam fixings like most DIY stores and the components for hinges, drawers ect are made by either Blum, Kessebohmer or Hafele all good quality industry recognised manufacturers. The DIY kitchens website it most user friendly - easy to navigate and lots of useful tips and downloads - including the kitchen planner which is really helpful in allowing you to cut and lay out a plan of your kitchen.

Our fitter commented on the quality of the units and could not believe the price we paid for them - especially as we went for painted doors and complementary painted end panels. The aftercare team were superb in dealing with our issues, apologised unreservedly and arranged a courier delivery for the replacements.

I would not hesitate recommend DIY kitchens for both the quality of their end product and the pre and after sales service they provide. Stewart from Tockwith 'The kitchen is very solidly made and has a good quality finish Grey looks great! Basically, it looks like it cost many times more than it actually did. In pursuit of this ideology, all monarchies were by definition treated as enemies; because they would not give up power without resisting, the Revolution, to prevail, had to turn itself into a crusading international movement to achieve world peace by imposing its principles.

The Revolution based itself on a proposition similar to that made by Islam a millennium before, and Communism in the twentieth century: the impossibility of permanent coexistence between countries of different religious or political conceptions of truth, and the transformation of international affairs into a global contest of ideologies to be fought by any available means and by mobilizing all elements of society.

The concept of an international order with prescribed limits of state action was overthrown in favor of a permanent revolution that knew only total victory or defeat. In November , the French National Assembly threw down the gauntlet to Europe with a pair of extraordinary decrees. It also declared war on Austria and invaded the Netherlands.

In December , an even more radical decree was issued with an even more universal application. To achieve such vast and universal objectives, the leaders of the French Revolution strove to cleanse their country of all possibility of domestic opposition.

Two centuries later, comparable motivations underlay the Russian purges of the s and the Chinese Cultural Revolution in the s and s.

Eventually, order was restored, as it must be if a state is not to disintegrate. The essence of the Great Man was his refusal to acknowledge traditional limits and his insistence on reordering the world by his own authority. The Revolution no longer made the leader; the leader defined the Revolution. As he tamed the Revolution, Napoleon also made himself its guarantor.

But he also saw himself—and not without reason—as the capstone of the Enlightenment. He created the Napoleonic Code, on which the laws that still prevail in France and other European countries are based. He was tolerant of religious diversity and encouraged rationalism in government, with the end of improving the lot of the French people.

It was as the simultaneous incarnation of the Revolution and expression of the Enlightenment that Napoleon set about to achieve the domination and unification of Europe. By , under his brilliant military leadership, his armies crushed all opposition in Western and Central Europe, enabling him to redraw the map of the Continent as a geopolitical design.

He annexed key territories to France and established satellite republics in others, many of them governed by relatives or French marshals. A uniform legal code was established throughout Europe.

Thousands of instructions on matters economic and social were issued. Would Napoleon become the unifier of a continent divided since the fall of Rome? Two obstacles remained: England and Russia. As it would a century and a half later, England stood alone in Western Europe, aware that a peace with the conqueror would make it possible for a single power to organize the resources of the entire Continent and, sooner or later, overcome its rule of the oceans.

England waited behind the channel for Napoleon and a century and a half later, for Hitler to make a mistake that would enable it to reappear on the Continent militarily as a defender of the balance of power. Napoleon had grown up under the eighteenth-century dynastic system and, in a strange way, accepted its legitimacy. In it, as a Corsican of minor standing even in his hometown, he was illegitimate by definition, which meant that, at least in his own mind, the legitimacy of his rule depended on the permanence—and, indeed, the extent —of his conquests.

Whenever there remained a ruler independent of his will, Napoleon felt obliged to pursue him. Napoleon could not live in an international order; his ambition required an empire over at least the length and breadth of Europe, and for that his power fell just barely too short.

Not until Napoleon succumbed to the temptation to enter territories where local resources were insufficient for the support of a huge army—Spain and Russia—would he face defeat, first by overreaching himself, above all in Russia in , and then as the rest of Europe united against him in a belated vindication of Westphalian principles.

The defeat in Russia was by attrition. After the Battle of the Nations, Napoleon refused settlements that would have enabled him to keep some of his conquests. He feared that any formal acceptance of limits would destroy his only claim to legitimacy.

In this way, he was overthrown as much by his own insecurity as by Westphalian principles. The Napoleonic period marked the apotheosis of the Enlightenment. Inspired by the examples of Greece and Rome, its thinkers had equated enlightenment with the power of reason, which implied a diffusion of authority from the Church to secular elites.

Now these aspirations had been distilled further and concentrated on one leader as the expression of global power. It is indeed a wonderful sensation to see such an individual who, concentrated here at a single point, astride a horse, reaches Specialty Cabinet Hinges Near Me Login out over the world and masters it.

Its strength raised fundamental issues for the balance of power in Europe, and its aspirations threatened to make impossible a return to the prerevolutionary equilibrium.

The liberties of Europe and its concomitant system of order required the participation of an empire far larger than the rest of Europe together and autocratic to a degree without precedent in European history. Since then, Russia has played a unique role in international affairs: part of the balance of power in both Europe and Asia but contributing to the equilibrium of the international order only fitfully.

It has started more wars than any other contemporary major power, but it has also thwarted dominion of Europe by a single power, holding fast against Charles XII of Sweden, Napoleon, and Hitler when key continental elements of the balance had been overrun.

Its policy has pursued a special rhythm of its own over the centuries, expanding over a landmass spanning nearly every climate and civilization, interrupted occasionally for a time by the need to adjust its domestic structure to the vastness of the enterprise—only to return again, like a tide crossing a beach.

From Peter the Great to Vladimir Putin, circumstances have changed, but the rhythm has remained extraordinarily consistent.

Everything about Russia—its absolutism, its size, its globe-spanning ambitions and insecurities—stood as an implicit challenge to the traditional European concept of international order built on equilibrium and restraint. With Vikings to its north, the expanding Arab empire to its south, and raiding Turkic tribes to its east, Russia was permanently in the grip of conflating temptations and fears.

The most profound disjunction had come with the Mongol invasions of the thirteenth century, which subdued a politically divided Russia and razed Kiev. Two and a half centuries of Mongol suzerainty — and the subsequent struggle to restore a coherent state based around the Duchy of Moscow imposed on Russia an eastward orientation just as Western Europe was charting the new technological and intellectual vistas that would create the modern era.

Europe was coming to embrace its multipolarity as a mechanism tending toward balance, but Russia was learning its sense of geopolitics from the hard school of the steppe, where an array of nomadic hordes contended for resources on an open terrain with few fixed borders.

There raids for plunder and the enslavement of foreign civilians were regular occurrences, for some a way of life; independence was coterminous with the territory a people could physically defend. Russia affirmed its tie to Western culture but—even as it grew exponentially in size—came to see itself as a beleaguered outpost of civilization for which security could be found only through exerting its absolute will over its neighbors.

In the Westphalian concept of order, European statesmen came to identify security with a balance of power and with restraints on its exercise. The Peace of Westphalia saw international order as an intricate balancing mechanism; the Russian view cast it as a perpetual contest of wills, with Russia extending its domain at each phase to the absolute limit of its material resources.

Thus the American man of letters Henry Adams recorded the outlook of the Russian ambassador in Washington in by which point Russia had reached Korea : His political philosophy, like that of all Russians, seemed fixed on the single idea that Russia must roll —must, by her irresistible inertia, crush whatever stood in her way … When Russia rolled over a neighboring people, she absorbed their energies in her own movement of custom and race which neither Czar nor peasant could convert, or wished to convert, into any Western equivalent.

With no natural borders save the Arctic and Pacific oceans, Russia was in a position to gratify this impulse for several centuries—marching alternately into Central Asia, then the Caucasus, then the Balkans, then Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, and the Baltic Sea, to the Pacific Ocean and the Chinese and Japanese frontiers and for a time during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries across the Pacific into Alaskan and Californian settlements.

It expanded each year by an amount larger than the entire territory of many European states on average, , square kilometers annually from to When it was strong, Russia conducted itself with the domineering certainty of a superior power and insisted on formal shows of deference to its status. When it was weak, it masked its vulnerability through brooding invocations of vast inner reserves of strength.

In either case, it was a special challenge for Western capitals used to dealing with a somewhat more genteel style. Thus the world-conquering imperialism remained paired with a paradoxical sense of vulnerability—as if marching halfway across the world had generated more potential foes than additional security.

In this context, a distinctive Russian concept of political legitimacy took hold. A common Christian faith and a shared elite language French underscored a commonality of perspective with the West. Russia had joined the modern European state system under Czar Peter the Great in a manner unlike any other society. On both sides, it proved a wary embrace. Peter had been born in into a still essentially medieval Russia.

As a young ruler, he toured Western capitals, where he tested modern techniques and professional disciplines personally. Yet the suddenness of the transformation left Russia with the insecurities of a parvenu. This is clearly demonstrated by the following Observations. Nevertheless, like his successor reformers and revolutionaries, when his reign was over, his subjects and their descendants credited him for having driven them, however mercilessly, to achievements they had shown little evidence of seeking.

According to recent polls, Stalin too has acquired some of this recognition in contemporary Russian thinking. It is expedient so to be that the quick Dispatch of Affairs, sent from distant Parts, might make ample Amends for the Delay occasioned by the great Distance of the Places.

Every other Form of Government whatsoever would not only have been prejudicial to Russia, but would even have proved its entire Ruin. Thus what in the West was regarded as arbitrary authoritarianism was presented in Russia as an elemental necessity, the precondition for functioning governance. The Czar, like the Chinese Emperor, was an absolute ruler endowed by tradition with mystical powers and overseeing a territory of continental expanse.

Yet the position of the Czar differed from that of his Chinese counterpart in one important respect. He favors the good and punishes the bad … [A] soft heart in a monarch is counted as a virtue only when it is tempered with the sense of duty to use sensible severity. Not unlike the United States in its own drive westward, Russia had imbued its conquests with the moral justification that it was spreading order and enlightenment into heathen lands with a lucrative trade in furs and minerals an incidental benefit.

Yet where the American vision inspired boundless optimism, the Russian experience ultimately based itself on stoic endurance. They are Scythians! What resoluteness! The barbarians! By the time the Congress of Vienna took place, Russia was arguably the most powerful country on the Continent. Its Czar Alexander, representing Russia personally at the Vienna peace conference, was unquestionably its most absolute ruler.

A man of deep, if changing, convictions, he had recently renewed his religious faith with a course of intensive Bible readings and spiritual consultations. For on behalf of its new vision of legitimacy, Russia brought a surfeit of power. Czar Alexander ended the Napoleonic Wars by marching to Paris at the head of his armies, and in celebration of victory he oversaw an unprecedented review of , Russian troops on the plains outside the French capital—a demonstration that could not fail to disquiet even allied nations.

In the space of twenty-five years, they had seen the rationality of the Enlightenment replaced by the passions of the Reign of Terror; the missionary spirit of the French Revolution transformed by the discipline of the conquering Bonapartist empire.

French power had waxed and waned. Many called Talleyrand an opportunist. Talleyrand would have argued that his goals were stability within France and peace in Europe and that he had taken whatever opportunities were available to achieve these goals. He had surely striven for positions to study the various elements of power and legitimacy at close hand without being unduly constrained by any of them.

Only a formidable personality could have projected himself into the center of so many great and conflicting events. The vanquished enemy would become an ally in the preservation of the European order in an alliance originally designed to contain it—a precedent followed at the end of World War II, when Germany was admitted to the Atlantic Alliance. It produced a consensus that peaceful evolutions within the existing order were preferable to alternatives; that the preservation of the system was more important than any single dispute that might arise within it; that differences should be settled by consultation rather than by war.

After World War I ended this vision, it became fashionable to attack the Congress of Vienna order as being excessively based on the balance of power, which by its inherent dynamic of cynical maneuvers drove the world into war. The British delegation asked the diplomatic historian C. Webster, who had written on the Congress of Vienna, to produce a treatise on how to avoid its mistakes. But that was true, if at all, only in the decade prior to World War I.

The statesmen who assembled in Vienna in were in a radically different situation from their predecessors who drafted the Peace of Westphalia.

The application of Westphalian principles was then expected to produce a balance of power to prevent, or at least mitigate, conflict. Over the course of the next nearly century and a half, this system had managed to constrain challengers to the equilibrium through the more or less spontaneous alignment of countervailing coalitions.

The negotiators at the Congress of Vienna faced the wreckage of this order. The balance of power had not been able to arrest the military momentum of the Revolution or of Napoleon. A new balance of power had to be constructed from the wreckage of the state system and of the Holy Roman Empire—whose remnants Napoleon had dissolved in , bringing to a close a thousand years of institutional continuity—and amidst new currents of nationalism unleashed by the occupation of most of the Continent by French armies.

That balance had to be capable of preventing a recurrence of the French expansionism that had produced near hegemony for France in Europe, even as the advent of Russia had brought a similar danger from the east. Hence the Central European balance also had to be reconstructed.

These were large and polyglot roughly present-day Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia, and southern Poland , and now of uncertain political cohesion. Several of the smaller German states whose opportunism had provided a certain elasticity to the diplomacy of the Westphalian system in the eighteenth century had been obliterated by the Napoleonic conquests. Their territory had to be redistributed in a manner compatible with a refound equilibrium.

The conduct of diplomacy at the Congress of Vienna was fundamentally different from twenty-first-century practice. Contemporary diplomats are in immediate real- time contact with their capitals. They receive minutely detailed instructions down to the texts of their presentations; their advice is sought on local conditions, much less frequently on matters of grand strategy. The diplomats at Vienna were weeks away from their capitals.

It took four days for a message from Vienna to reach Berlin so at least eight days to receive a reply to any request for guidance , three weeks for a message to reach Paris; London took a little longer. Instructions therefore had to be drafted in language general enough to cover changes in the situation, so the diplomats were instructed primarily on general concepts and long-term interests; with respect to day-to-day tactics, they were largely on their own.

And because one could never foresee which particular piece would be missing in any given instance, he was totally unpredictable. But they did not have congruent perceptions of what this would mean in practice. Their task was to achieve some reconciliation of perspectives shaped by substantially different historical experiences. Britain, safe from invasion behind the English Channel and with unique domestic institutions essentially impervious to developments on the Continent, defined order in terms of threats of hegemony on the Continent.

But the continental countries had a lower threshold for threats; their security could be impaired by territorial adjustments short of continental hegemony. Above all, unlike Britain, they felt vulnerable to domestic transformations in neighboring countries. The Congress of Vienna found it relatively easy to agree on a definition of the overall balance.

Already during the war—in —then British Prime Minister William Pitt had put forward a plan to rectify what he considered the weaknesses of the Westphalian settlement. The Westphalian treaties had kept Central Europe divided as a way to enhance French influence.

The obvious candidate to absorb these abolished principalities was Prussia, which originally preferred to annex contiguous Saxony but yielded to the entreaties of Austria and Britain to accept the Rhineland instead. This enlargement of Prussia placed a significant power on the border of France, creating a geostrategic reality that had not existed since the Peace of Westphalia. In that sense Germany has for much of history been either too weak or too strong for the peace of Europe.

The German Confederation was too divided to take offensive action yet cohesive enough to resist foreign invasions into its territory. This arrangement provided an obstacle to the invasion of Central Europe without constituting a threat to the two major powers on its flanks, Russia to the east and France to the west.

To protect the new overall territorial settlement, the Quadruple Alliance of Britain, Prussia, Austria, and Russia was formed. A territorial guarantee—which was what the Quadruple Alliance amounted to—did not have the same significance for each of the signatories.

The level of urgency with which threats were perceived varied significantly. Britain, protected by its command of the seas, felt confident in withholding definite commitments to contingencies and preferred waiting until a major threat from Europe took specific shape.

The continental countries had a narrower margin of safety, assessing that their survival might be at stake from actions far less dramatic than those causing Britain to take alarm. This was particularly the case in the face of revolution—that is, when the threat involved the issue of legitimacy. The conservative states sought to build bulwarks against a new wave of revolution; they aimed to include mechanisms for the preservation of legitimate order—by which they meant monarchical rule.

His partners saw in the Holy Alliance—subtly redesigned—a way to curb Russian exuberance. The right of intervention was limited because, as the eventual terms stipulated, it could be exercised only in concert; in this manner, Austria and Prussia retained a veto over the more exalted schemes of the Czar. Three tiers of institutions buttressed the Vienna system: the Quadruple Alliance to defeat challenges to the territorial order; the Holy Alliance to overcome threats to domestic institutions; and a concert of powers institutionalized through periodic diplomatic conferences of the heads of government of the alliances to define their common purposes or to deal with emerging crises.

This concert mechanism functioned like a precursor of the United Nations Security Council. Its conferences acted on a series of crises, attempting Blum Cabinet Hinges For Sale Quiz to distill a common course: the revolutions in Naples in and in Spain in —23 quelled by the Holy Alliance and France, respectively and the Greek revolution and war of independence of —32 ultimately supported by Britain, France, and Russia.

The Concert of Powers did not guarantee a unanimity of outlook, yet in each case a potentially explosive crisis was resolved without a major-power war. For most of the eighteenth century, armies had marched across that then-province of the Netherlands, in quest of the domination of Europe.

For Britain, whose global strategy was based on control of the oceans, the Scheldt River estuary, at the mouth of which lay the port of Antwerp across the channel from England, needed to be in the hands of a friendly country and under no circumstances of a major European state.

The new state agreed not to join military alliances or permit the stationing of foreign troops on its territory. This pledge in turn was guaranteed by the major powers, which thereby undertook the obligation to resist violations of Belgian neutrality. The internationally guaranteed status lasted for nearly a century; it was the trigger that brought England into World War I, when German troops forced a passage to France through Belgian territory.

The vitality of an international order is reflected in the balance it strikes between legitimacy and power and the relative emphasis given to each. Neither aspect is intended to arrest change; rather, in combination they seek to ensure that it occurs as a matter of evolution, not a raw contest of wills. If the balance between power and legitimacy is properly managed, actions will acquire a degree of spontaneity.

Demonstrations of power will be peripheral and largely symbolic; because the configuration of forces will be generally understood, no side will feel the need to call forth its full reserves. When that balance is destroyed, restraints disappear, and the field is open to the most expansive claims and the most implacable actors; chaos follows until a new system of order is established.

That balance was the signal achievement of the Congress of Vienna. The Quadruple Alliance deterred challenges to the territorial balance, and the memory of Napoleon kept France—suffering from revolutionary exhaustion—quiescent. And Austria, Prussia, and Russia, which on the principles of the balance of power should have been rivals, were in fact pursuing common policies: Austria and Russia in effect postponed their looming geopolitical conflict in the name of their shared fears of domestic upheaval.

The historian Jacques Barzun has described it another way: Underlying the theory was fact: the revolutionary and Napoleonic armies had redrawn the mental map of Europe. In place of the eighteenth century horizontal world of dynasties and cosmopolite upper classes, the West now consisted of vertical unities—nations, not wholly separate but unlike. Linguistic nationalisms made traditional empires—especially the Austro-Hungarian Empire—vulnerable to internal pressure as well as to the resentments of neighbors claiming national links with subjects of the empire.

The competition of the two great German powers in Central Europe for the allegiance of some thirty-five smaller states of the German Confederation was originally held in check by the need to defend Central Europe. Also, tradition generated a certain deference to the country whose ruler had been Holy Roman Emperor for half a millennium.

The Assembly of the German Confederation the combined ambassadors to the confederation of its thirty-seven members met in the Austrian Embassy in Frankfurt, and the Austrian ambassador acted as chairman. At the same time, Prussia was developing its own claim to eminence. With the passage of decades, the relative subordination of Prussian to Austrian policy became too chafing, and Prussia began to pursue a more confrontational course. The revolutions of were a Europe-wide conflagration affecting every major city.

As a rising middle class sought to force recalcitrant governments to accept liberal reform, the old aristocratic order felt the power of accelerating nationalisms. At first, the uprisings swept all before them, stretching from Poland in the east as far west as Colombia and Brazil an empire that had recently won its independence from Portugal, after serving as the seat of its exile government during the Napoleonic Wars.

The Holy Alliance had been designed to deal precisely with upheavals such as these. For the rest, the old order proved just strong enough to overcome the revolutionary challenge. But it never regained the self-confidence of the previous period.

Finally, the Crimean War of —56 broke up the unity of the conservative states —Austria, Prussia, and Russia—which had been one of the two key pillars of the Vienna international order. This combination had defended the existing institutions in revolutions; it had isolated France, the previous disturber of the peace. Now another Napoleon was probing for opportunities to assert himself in multiple directions.

The alignment indeed checked the Russian advance, but at the cost of increasingly brittle diplomacy. The conflict had begun not over the Crimea—which Russia had conquered from an Ottoman vassal in the eighteenth century—but over competing French and Russian claims to advance the rights of favored Christian communities in Jerusalem, then within Ottoman jurisdiction.

The demand— which amounted to a right of intervention in the affairs of a foreign state—was couched in the terms of universal moral principles but cut to the heart of Ottoman sovereignty. Ottoman refusal prompted a Russian military advance into the Balkans and naval hostilities in the Black Sea. After six months Britain and France, fearing the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and with it the European balance, entered the war on the Ottoman side.

The alliance systems of the Congress of Vienna were shattered as a consequence. Prussia stayed neutral. The effort to isolate Russia concluded by isolating Austria. Within two years, Napoleon invaded the Austrian possessions in Italy in support of Italian unification while Russia stood by.

Within Germany, Prussia gained freedom of maneuver. Within a decade Otto von Bismarck started Germany on the road to unification, excluding Austria from what had been its historical role as the standard-bearer of German statehood—again with Russian acquiescence. Austria learned too late that in international affairs a reputation for reliability is a more important asset than demonstrations of tactical cleverness.

Both have been viewed as archetypal conservatives. Both have been recorded as master manipulators of the balance of power, which they were. He was born in the Rhineland, near the border of France, educated in Strasbourg and Mainz. Metternich did not see Austria until his thirteenth year and did not live there until his seventeenth.

He was appointed Foreign Minister in and Chancellor in , serving until Fate had placed him in the top civilian position in an ancient empire at the beginning of its decline. Once considered among the strongest and best-governed countries in Europe, Austria was now vulnerable because its central location meant that every European tremor made the earth move there. Its polyglot nature made it vulnerable to the emerging wave of nationalism—a force practically unknown a generation earlier.

For Metternich, steadiness and reliability became the lodestar of his policy: Where everything is tottering it is above all necessary that something, no matter what, remain steadfast so that the lost can find a connection and the strayed a refuge.

A product of the Enlightenment, Metternich was shaped more by philosophers of the power of reason than by the proponents of the power of arms. Metternich rejected the restless search for presumed remedies to the immediate; he considered the search for truth the most important task of the statesman.

In his view, the belief that whatever was imaginable was also achievable was an illusion. Truth had to reflect an underlying reality of human nature and of the structure of society. Anything more sweeping in fact did violence to the ideals it claimed to fulfill. Bismarck, by comparison, was a scion of the provincial Prussian aristocracy, which was far poorer than its counterparts in the west of Germany and considerably less cosmopolitan.

While Metternich tried to vindicate continuity and to restore a universal idea, that of a European society, Bismarck challenged all the established wisdom of his period. Until he appeared on the scene, it had been taken for granted that German unity would come about—if at all—through a combination of nationalism and liberalism. To Metternich, order arose not so much from the pursuit of national interest as from the ability to connect it with that of other states: The great axioms of political science derive from the recognition of the true interests of all states; it is in the general interest that the guarantee of existence is to be found, while particular interests—the cultivation of which is considered political wisdom by restless and short-sighted men—have only a secondary importance.

Modern history demonstrates the application of the principle of solidarity and equilibrium … and of the united efforts of states … to force a return to the common law. Bismarck rejected the proposition that power could be restrained by superior principle. Ultimate decisions would depend strictly on considerations of utility. The European order as seen in the eighteenth century, as a great Newtonian clockwork of interlocking parts, had been replaced by the Darwinian world of the survival of the fittest.

With the conservative monarchies of the East divided in the aftermath of the Crimean War, France isolated on the Continent because of the memories evoked by its ruler, and Austria wavering between its national and its European roles, Bismarck saw an opportunity to bring about a German national state for the first time in history.

With a few daring strokes between and , he placed Prussia at the head of a united Germany and Germany in the center of a new system of order. What emerged after the unification of Germany was a dominant country, strong enough to defeat each neighbor individually and perhaps all the continental countries together. The bond of legitimacy had disappeared. Everything now depended on calculations of power.

The crushing defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War of —71, which Bismarck had adroitly provoked France into declaring, was attended by the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, a retributive indemnity, and the tactless proclamation of the German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors of Versailles in Bismarck understood that a potentially dominant power at the center of Europe faced the constant risk of inducing a coalition of all others, much like the coalition against Louis XIV in the eighteenth century and Napoleon in the early nineteenth.

Only the most restrained conduct could avoid incurring the collective antagonism of its neighbors. In a world of five, Bismarck counseled, it was always better to be in the party of three.

This involved a dizzying series of partly overlapping, partly conflicting alliances for example, an alliance with Austria and a Reinsurance Treaty with Russia with the aim of giving the other great powers—except the irreconcilable France—a greater interest to work with Germany than to coalesce against it.

The genius of the Westphalian system as adapted by the Congress of Vienna had been its fluidity and its pragmatism; ecumenical in its calculations, it was theoretically expandable to any region and could incorporate any combination of states. With Germany unified and France a fixed adversary, the system lost its flexibility.

But a country whose security depends on producing a genius in each generation sets itself a task no society has ever met.

Leo von Caprivi, the next Chancellor, complained that while Bismarck had been able to keep five balls in the air simultaneously, he had difficulty controlling two. Almost inevitably, France and Russia began exploring an alliance. Such realignments had happened several times before in the European kaleidoscope of shifting orders.

The novelty now was its institutionalized permanence. Diplomacy had lost its resilience; it had become a matter of life and death rather than incremental adjustment.

Because a switch in alliances might spell national disaster for the abandoned side, each ally was able to extort support from its partner regardless of its best convictions, thereby escalating all crises and linking them to each other. Diplomacy became an effort to tighten the internal bonds of each camp, leading to the perpetuation and reinforcement of all grievances. It did so not formally but de facto via staff talks, creating a moral obligation to fight at the side of the counterpart countries.

Military planning compounded the rigidity. The Franco-Prussian War was confined to the two adversaries. It had been conducted about a specific issue and served limited aims. By the turn of the twentieth century, military planners—drawing on what they took to be the lessons of mechanization and new methods of mobilization—began to aim for total victory in all-out war.

Thank you for taking the time to provide such an informative platform. I am looking at white shaker cabinets by Schrock. The designer says that she always recommends MDF doors when painted. What is your opinion of MDF vs hardwood for painted doors? Thank you Paul you have been very helpful! He did recommend Ted Wood but did say they are a bit higher priced than Kraftmaid.

We may have to compromise on that a bit to keep the cost close to the budget. Hi Linda, Tedd wood is a good line. Part of the problem with many cabinet companies is that they are in rural locations and because of the politics in these areas people are less Covid compliant. So the cabinet workforce is affected and the cabinet line suffers. I predict that with end is in sight that people in these rural communities will become even less careful than they were before.

We have begun to notice this in the lines we carry. Early on their workers were fine but in the last month or so several plants have had outbreaks. The lines in more metropolitan areas suffered early but have since recovered and put tough rules in place.

Ask the dealer about how things have been lately. One place recommended Ted Wood cabinets. Thank you for providing this very helpful guidance.

We see from your listing that Holiday is having supply issues. We are leaning towards the Haas in a stained Hickory. Although we are only replacing an old but effective layout, the Schlabach could provide some interesting and useful, although not mandatory custom features. We have only looked but not priced either Haas or Schlabach yet.

Cost is always a consideration but return on investment is not as critical as a year enjoyment of a much needed update before downsizing move. You rate the Haas poorly. Would you avoid Haas? Any knowledge or guidance on Schlabach? Hi Shirley, If you are looking for a color and Door style that Wolf makes and they have all the size cabinets you need for your design, you are giving up almost nothing getting Wolf.

Make sure to get the standard construction and not the less expensive version. Wolf was the lowest almost too good to be true. Is it worth the trip? Which would you recommend? I would definitely go Vantage with those three choices. There is a Kraftmaid Vantage cabinet that we like and am trying to match.

He works with the dealer. Concerned with the durability of the Luxor frameless and have been reading about the HK supply issues. Or should I just find a dealer that carries Kraftmaid VAntage?

Any preference among the three? Hi Ann, Melamine on the interior of a cabinet is fine but never on the outside of a cabinet as it will fade over time when exposed to light. Always upgrade to plywood with frameless cabinetry when possible. We rate Eudora by Kith higher than Kitchencraft. However many brands are having delays due to Covid. Hi Laurel, Framed cabinetry should cost about the same as frameless in Dynasty.

Mixing a slab cabinet base and shaker uppers in two different types of wood in two different finishes is more than just unusual. Spending a lot of money on an expensive renovation and making style selections this unusual I would discourage.

Whatever you future plans might be they can change and you might regret your choices were you to need to sell your home. Be careful here. Do you know the time frame on delivery for Hanssem cabinets. Wow what an informative site! I am just about to pull the trigger on cabinets. Working with a designer but I want to make sure I understand.

We are looking at omega. She recommends frameless for a cleaner look,. Any way I thought the framed dynasty would be fine. Cabinet I am looking at are slab stained maple base and likely shaker oak upper but maybe alder since I am trying to stay on budget.

Speaking of budget. What should someone expect percentage wise to allocate to cabinets. Thanks in advance for any feedback. I have a quote from a KD who is suggesting Kitchen Craft cabinets. My other option is Eudora for approximately same price as Kitchen Craft.

What are your thoughts, particularly about melamine? Cabinet I am looking at are stained with maple base and likely oak upper but maybe alder since I am trying to stay on budget. Hi Wendy, You can easily modify the Shiloh cabinetry by adding bottom and top hanging rails to the wall cabinets making up for their poor engineering.

Kitchens look attractive and function well when you have the space to do the design you create. As kitchen designers we try disparately to encourage people not to put too much cabinetry in their spaces even though we sell cabinets and would make more money selling what the customers think they want. The pandemic has frayed some peoples nerves and more than a few of our recent customers have become vindictive when our designers were simply having their best interest at heart.

So glad I discovered your site. Reading through the responses it seems related mostly to the hanger rail. If that was replaced by installer, would you increase your rating significantly? I like the look of small glass door cabinet at the top with lighting, I understand it has limited function and would be mostly cosmetic.

Would those proportions look odd? Thanks so much for your help. Hi Denman, Upgraded to plywood the Bridgewood box is pretty much constructed as good as it gets for a frameless cabinet. There are some very inexpensive lines like CNC that make a really well constructed frameless cabinet. However they have only a tiny selection of doors and finishes.

We sell Bishop which is probably similar in price to Bridgewood and a little higher priced semi custom cabinet line. Brookhaven while a great cabinet I have concerns about the companies financial health. They went bankrupt and were out of business before being sold.

They reopened only a few days before the pandemic began so not the best time for a fresh start. When cabinet companies go bankrupt customers loose all their money and get no cabinets, so banking on Brookhaven could prove dangerous. Small kitchen gut and all will be new. Not a cook, single, dog. This information has been most helpful! What is the best company for frameless cabinetry that is mid-priced at most?

Thank you! Or would you recommend going with another cabinet line? Hi Respol, Right now I would stay away from Holiday. Their present problems are severe. Starmark and Medallion are doing fine to the best of my knowledge. Hi, first want to say this is an amazing resource and have already shared with other would-be kitchen remodelers. Am considering Starmark framed vs Medallion vs Holiday Kitchens.

Hi Jane, Bishop and Kraftmaid will be similar in price. But Kraftmaid Vantage is good too. All are good choices. The third option is Timberlake. Again my. Your recommendations are welcomed and very much appreciated. Paul, you gave a very high rating for a Crestwood Framed and Frameless in your cabinet ratings. Which Crestwood is this? Is this Crestwood Inc, out of Salina Kansas? Or the Crestwood line from Dura Supreme?

Or some other manufacturer named Crestwood? They also get poor reviews on Google although that could mean nothing. The bigger question is why buy cabinets here? The smart thing to do is to get a known named brand cabinet line from a respected cabinet dealer and to work with a good designer.

However the Kraftmaid are better constructed. If you will be in your home for many years probably. If you plan on selling in 5 or ten years probably not. Hello again Paul! Thanks so much for all of your great advice and wisdom! I am going to finally pull the trigger on shaker style cabinets with painted white on the perimeter of the kitchen and painted dark grey on the island.

In your opinion is there a difference between the quality and durability of the paint on the Kraftmaid Vantage versus Waypoint? With apples to apples layouts, the Kraftmaid Vantage is 4K higher in price than the Waypoint.

Is it worth the extra 4K to buy the Kraftmaid Vantage? Thanks so much! As long as cabinetry is upgraded to all plywood construction and soft close everything both these lines will have little difference construction wise.

Starmark has nicer looking stains and is more custom. But both finishes will be equally durable. Hi… Your blog has been extremely helpful. It looks like design is key and many cabinet manufacturers can get the job done. Any red flags picking Diamond Distinction vs.

Both are carried by our local kitchen designer but we could save by going with Diamond. The cabinets in these photos were under 15K and the look looks far more custom than having cabinetry not reach the ceiling. Thank you for your input about JSI. How about the Forevermark line? Would that be any better? Hi Jane, JSI is one of many very reasonable cabinet lines that is pretty well built.

I might not use this brand if I had an expensive home or 9 foot ceilings or other design challenges, but for a simple economical kitchen it is a good choice. Considering JSI for my renovation. Any cons that you know of? You seem to have given them a pretty good rating. Our ratings are a little less reliable due to the pandemic. I would always ask the dealer if there have been quality control issues or delivery time problems with any line.

Question regarding Crown Point. Within the past couple of years not exactly sure but recently , Crown Point introduced a more budget-friendly line — Crown Select. In comparing the the two, I did notice some slight differences in construction. Hi BZubal, I am not on the same page with you here. The cabinet dealers responsibility is to give you the correct undamaged cabinets. If things come damaged they must replace them free of charge.

Your responsibility is to know what you are ordering, pay for what you have had specially made for you, and then wait until any damaged products get redelivered if that is needed.

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