Through mortise-and-tenon joint. Stopblock: Pictres, this is a small block, clamped or temporarily-affixed to a fence or machine surface. Shop bun feet. Relief Cut. Straight-line ripping: A process for trueing one edge of a board that has no straight edge to work from.

Shoot an email to cknoff aimmedia. It has no voids. It can be used in conjunction with a similar dog on a bench vise to capture a workpiece between two points, holding it fast. When securing wood this way, avoid tightening the vise more than is necessary; you could bow the work. One extra benefit is that the shoulder on the tenon hides any imperfection in the mortise cut.

This joint can be used at the corners of frames and can be made to look more primitive by adding decorative and structural pegs. It requires practice to perfect by machine or by hand.

Low-angle versions excel at trimming end grain. It also has improved gluing surface in a cross-grain application. The strength is increased when the joint is placed in the center of a stile or rail because of the trapped second side.

While still used extensively, this joint is weak and difficult to align during glue-up. It can be set up as end-grain-to-face-grain, end-grain-to-long-grain or long-grain-to-long-grain. It is perhaps the most-used and most dropped tool when marking out joints.

The accessory, usually called a deadman, slides on a track parallel to the front edge of the workbench and it is drilled with a series of holes that accept pegs. The pegs can be moved up or down to support boards of various widths. And the deadman can be slid to accomodate different lengths.

Dominoes require a dedicated power tool for the mortises and, most often, mass produced tenons in various sizes for various applications. The hole in the mortise is in a slightly different location than the hole through the tenon. When you drive a peg through the two holes it pulls the tenon into the mortise, creating a locked mechanical joint. Drawboring is still widely used in timber framing, though it has fallen out of favor in furniture making. Ferrules are found where the metal part of a tool intersects its handle.

This is particularly useful when joining boards end-grain to end-grain, as in making continuous floorboards. Forstner bit n — A type of bit used to bore clean, flat-bottomed and generally larger holes. Neanderthal: A woodworker who prefers hand tools to power tools, occasionally to the exclusion of power tools from their shops altogether.

Ranging in consistency from heavy cream to almost peanut butter, gel stains are formulated to work well on vertical surfaces fewer runs and on woods that are difficult to stain, such as pine and poplar.

The thicker consistency of gel stains is supposed to prevent the stain from absorbing unevenly, which causes ugly blotching.

In each application, the groove captures the thinner piece in place without glue because the thin, solid-wood panel can expand and contract with changes in humidity. Typically the piece that does not show the joinery is used as the drawer front.

The groove for the panel is allowed to run through the end of the stile, simplifying the work. The haunch on the tenon fills the groove. High-Volume Low-Pressure adj — a type of sprayer system generally used for finishing in which a large volume or material is sprayed under low air pressure abbrev. It usually occurs when wood gets caught between the rip fence and the blade. Splitters — and a dose of common sense — can prevent these. The corner lap also called an end lap is better than a reinforced dowels or splines butt joint, but weaker than mortise-and-tenon joinery.

It can be at the corner called an end lap , in the middle of one piece called a Tlap or in the middle of two pieces called an X-lap. Still offering a tight corner, the lock miter provides greater gluing surface, strength and easier alignment. It adds strength and easy alignment for squaring the box. Medium Density Fiberboard n — An engineered panel product usually abbreviated as MDF consisting of wood fibers that are glued under heat and pressure.

First manufactured in by the founder of the Masonite Corp. The less common High Density Fiberboard weighs between 50 and 80 pounds per cubic foot. MDF has no grain structure and no voids. Most variants are susceptible to water damage. In some species, such as oak, the medullary rays can be quite large. When the tree is quartersawn, the rays become visible on the face of the board. The miter joint can be tricky to cut perfectly and align during glue-up. When used in a long-grain-to-long-grain application, the strength of the joint is very good, while a short-grain-to-short-grain application offers very little strength.

They are available in a variety of diameters and with a number of tips for certain jobs. They are essential tools for any fine work being done with a hammer.

While modern pneumatic nail guns automatically set the nail below the surface of the wood, a nail set is still handy because occasionally the nail gun fails. The bits of wood used in particleboard are larger than the fine fiber in MDF, making the panel less consistent. Like MDF, particleboard is vulnerable to moisture. The hole will ensure the fastener is driven in the desired direction and clears some waste wood to prevent your work from splitting when the fastener is driven in place.

A jig creates a pocket hole with a special step bit that leaves a pilot hole as well as a shoulder for stopping the pocket screw at a pre-determined depth. This decreases the chance of splitting the wood. It adds extra gluing surface and protects against racking.

The force comes from one direction and is typically parallel to the sides of a case piece. The overlapping edges hide any seasonal wood movement. Inlay n, v - To insert smaller pieces of wood into grooves that have been cut into a piece; may also refer to the material being inserted.

Jack plane n - A general purpose plane, usually considered medium-sized. Jig n - A device used to aid in the process of doing repetitive tasks consistently. Jigsaw n - A powered, vertical, reciprocating blade, used for cutting different materials depending on the type of blade used. Joinery n - The act of connecting pieces of wood together. This can be accomplished in different ways, including using glue and mechanical fasteners or, more commonly understood, by interlocking corresponding wooden joints.

Jointer n - A stationary shop machine used to create identical square surfaces by removing thin layers of material until the entire board is square. Kerf n - Excess wood removed by a saw blade between the wood piece and the offcut. Kickback n , kick back v - The reverse action seen in woodworking machines when they throw a workpiece back towards the operator. This can happen when the wood gets caught between a rip fence and a blade, but can be prevented by using splitters.

Laminate n - Thin layers of resawn wood or plastics, such as formica, that has built-up by being glued together. Laminate v - The act of adhering one workpiece to another, such as adhering a veneer to another surface or constructing solid pieces by gluing thin strips of wood together. Lap joint n - A joint used to strengthen a frame corner. Found at either the corner end lap , in the middle of one piece T-lap , or in the middle of two pieces X-lap , this joint offers more strength than a reinforced joint, but is weaker than a mortise-and-tenon joint.

Lock-miter joint n - Essentially a standard miter joint that does not require a third piece of wood usually a dowel, biscuit or spline. It provides a tight corner, but also provides more surface area for gluing, more strength and easier alignment. Locking half-blind rabbet joint n - Often used in drawer construction and small boxes, this joint adds strength and easy alignment when squaring boxes. Marking gauge n - An adjustable device that marks layout lines parallel to wood edges by using a steel pin or knife.

Medium density fiberboard n - Abbreviated MDF, an engineered panel product consisting of wood fibers that are glued under heat and pressure, typically weighing between 33 and 50 pounds per cubic foot. More common than high density fiberboard, which weighs between 50 and 80 pounds per cubic foot.

MDF does not contain grain structure or voids, and most variants are susceptible to water damage. Mill n - The process of cutting a piece of wood to the size and shape intended. Miter gauge n A device that aids crosscutting at different angles. A miter gauge slides in a tabletop slot, allowing it to sit parallel with the blade of a table saw or band saw with a pivoting protractor head and fence.

Miter joint n - Similar to a traditional box joint, except the edge grain is hidden. The strength of a miter joint can be determined by the length of the grain, as a long-grain-to-long-grain application offers exceptional strength, while a short-grain-to-short-grain application offers little strength.

This joint can be difficult to cut perfectly and align during the glue-up process. Miter Saw n - A power saw that cuts miters, similar to a circular saw. Can also be used to describe a handsaw used with a miter box. Mortise n, v - A recess that has been cut into a piece of wood in order to receive a tenon or hardware, such as a hinge or a lock.

Molding n - A strip of wood used for ornamentation and finishing, usually with a carved profile. Notch n - A dado that has been cut into the edge of a piece of wood. Part of the edge of a lap joint if it extends halfway into the wood. Offcut n, adj - Debris or discarded lumber created during the cutting process. Open-grained adj - Coarse-textured wood due to the presence of large pores in the grain.

Panel n - A large wood surface that is oftentimes created by gluing several boards together edge-to-edge. Pilot hole n - A hole drilled into a workpiece that is used to guide a fastener, ensuring the fastener is driven in the proper direction; it can also clear some offcut wood to prevent splitting.

Plane n , planing v - A hand tool that carves thin slices from a board to shape and straighten a surface or edge. Rabbet n, v - A trench cut into the edge of a board that is made up of two-sides. Rabbet joint n - A basic joint for box building, allowing for more strength than a butt joint by adding an extra gluing surface that protects against racking. Racking force n - Refers to the twisting force on an assembly, such as a door, cabinet or chair. These are typically any forces that press on your project at a degree other than 90 degrees.

Radial-arm saw n - A power tool that is made up of a motor and blade, suspended above a work table, which allows the motor to slide along a pivoting arm. Rail-and-stile bit n - A router bit or two matched bits that form mating edges of door rails and stiles. Resaw v - The act of cutting a piece of wood at its length and width in order to create thinner boards. Reveal v - The sides that surround a frame that is exposed by a panel or member set from the outer plane.

Rip cut n, v - Wood that is cut parallel to the grain; can also refer to the act of cutting it. Rip fence n - A movable guide placed parallel to the blade of a table saw that is referenced when making a rip cut into a board. Router table n - A table where a router is inverted and mounted to have the bit come up through the surface; the bit is stationary and the wood is moved against it.

Shank n - A shaft of a bit or cutter that is held in place in a tool by a chuck or collet. Shear forces n - The effect of gravity and the weight of objects on the shelving part of a cabinet. This force comes from one direction and is often parallel to the case piece sides. Shim n, v - A thick wood wedge used to make a surface level or to fill in a gap in a workpiece. Shiplap joint n - A joint often found in solid-wood cabinet backs which features overlapping edges that can hide any seasonal wood movement due to humidity.

Short grain n - A long-grain piece of wood that has had its fibers cut across and left short, causing the material to become more fragile. Shoulder n - A part used to stabilize a joint by bearing against the mating joint part, composed of a perpendicular face of a step cut, such as a rabbet.

Skew chisel n - A chisel with a cutting edge not perpendicular to the sides of the tool; can angle either left or right for use in carving or turning. Sliding bevel n - A tool that can change the angle between the blade and beam. Sliding dovetail joint n - A joint typically used for joining shelves to sides in case pieces and drawers, due to its strength and rigidity. In the case of drawers, space is left for installing drawer slides when joining the sides to the front.

Spade bit n - A flat bit designed for high-speed drilling of larger holes that can allow the width to be ground to a nonstandard diameter. Spline n - A narrow strip of wood that is joined with other pieces of wood by being glued into corresponding grooves. Spline joint n - A joint used to align wood pieces during a glue-up by adding a spline. This process eliminates the need for biscuits, but it requires milling another piece of wood to align the pieces along the entire edge.

Spokeshave n - A plane or drawknife that is characterized by two handles and concave or convex planes. Stile n - The vertical part of any frame, such as a window, door, or face frame. Stopped joint n - A joint commonly used for joining shelves to the sides of a case, ideal for cabinets that do not have face frames. A variation of the cross-grain grooved joint, this joint offers strength that nearly rivals that of interlocking joints like the sliding dovetail joint.

The fact that the shelf is notched and the dado is stopped allows for the joinery to remain hidden when assembled. Table saw n - A stationary arbor-driven circular saw that is housed below the table in which the woodpiece is cut.

Tambour n - A sliding door that is set in a track and uses narrow strips in a loose tongue and groove, attached to a piece of cloth. Taper n - A cut that gradually angles along the edge of a board, rather than running parallel.

Tear-out n , tear out v - A chip that occurs on the edge along a kerf. Tenon n, v - A rabbeted edge that is used by being inserted into a matching recess, often called a mortise. Tension n - The force that pulls a joint or wood piece in opposite directions.

Through joint n - A joint similar to but more visible and easier to make than a stopped dado joint. The dado in a through joint continues through both sides of the side piece and is often used to attach shelves to the carcase at the sides, particularly if the cabinet is fitted with a face frame designed to hide the joinery. Through mortise-and-tenon joint n - A joint that is cut after assembly, eliminating the need to determine the depth of the mortise.

Toenail v - The process of hammering a nail at an angle through a board, to marry it to another surface in a space too small for standard hammering. This technique can also be used to attach a piece perpendicularly to another. Tongue-and-groove joint n - A joint used to add strength to long-grain edge joints and allow movement during changes in humidity, while keeping all surfaces even.

Similar to mortise-and-tenon joints that have been cut along the length of two boards. Most effective when used without glue. Truing v - The process of bringing an object to its exact desired shape, or to restore it to its original shape. Twist drill n - A specific drill bit, distinct in its cylindrical shank and cone-shaped end that forms a cutting edge; it also has a helical flute to remove debris. Veneer n, v - Any thin sheet of wood that can be used to cover lesser cuts of wood, to construct plywood and in applications such as lamination and marquetry.

Wedge n - A small, cut piece of wood that is secured into a cut slit in the end of a projecting piece of wood known as a through-tenon. Winding sticks n - Used to identify the flatness of lumber, these are two straight wooden sticks lain on opposite ends of a board and sighted across. Woodworking n, v - refers to an activity or hobby that involves building and working with wood to craft an object; this does not include home or building construction.

With a good understanding of the terms included in this glossary, you will be better prepared to take on new and more challenging woodworking projects. Even the most skilled woodworkers may occasionally encounter a term or a tactic they aren't familiar with, so don't hesitate to refer to this glossary during your next project to make sure you're in-the-know and ready to tackle any woodworking task.

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