windsor design lathe tools review

A Windsor chair is a chair built with a solid wooden seat into which the chair-back and legs are round- tenonedor pushed into drilled holes, in contrast to standard chairs whose back legs and back uprights are continuous. The seats of Windsor chairs were often carved into a shallow dish or saddle shape for comfort. Traditionally, the legs and uprights were usually turned on a pole lathe. The back and sometimes the arm pieces if arms are present are formed from steam bent pieces of wood.

It is not clear when the first Windsor Chairs were made. Traditionally there were three types of craftsmen involved in the construction of a Windsor chair, there was the chair bodgeran itinerant craftsman who worked in the woods and made just the legs and stretcherson a pole lathe. The framer would take the components produced by the bodger and the benchman and would assemble and iwndsor the chair.

English settlers introduced the Windsor chair to North America, with the earliest known chairs being imported by Patrick Gordon who became lieutenant governor windsor design lathe tools review york Pennsylvania in There is speculation that the first American Windsor chair, based on the traditional British design, was lahte in Philadelphia in It is common to find American Windsors made in the 18th century that contain three different species of wood.

Pinebass or tulip poplar are common for the seat. Non ring porous hardwoods such as Maple are stiff and make crisp turnings, and were used for the undercarriage. Ring porous species such as Oakashand hickory all rive split and steam bend nicely. These woods are also straight grained and flexible and thus work well for slender parts such as the spindles.

The seat of a Windsor chair is an essential part since it provides the stability windsor design lathe tools review york both the upper windsor design lathe tools review york lower portions. The thickness of the seat allows the legs to be anchored securely into their respective tapered sockets, providing the undercarriage with layhe and stability. The English Windsor chair seats are not saddled or dished as deeply as their American counterparts- partly because of elm's relative strength, and partly because elm is comparatively more difficult to winxsor than the softer woods chosen by American chair makers.

Woodwrights use tools such as the adzewindsor design Windsor Design Lathe Tools Review For lathe tools review york or inshave to form the hollowed out, form fitting, ergonomic top of the seat. The legs are splayed at angles fore-and-aft rake as well as side-to-side splay to provide actual and visual support of the person sitting. Early chairs made in America usually have stretchers connecting the front and back legs and a cross stretcher connecting the two side stretchers, creating what is known as an "H" stretcher assembly.

A common misconception about this assembly is that the stretchers hold the legs together in order to keep them from pulling apart. In the traditional Windsor design, the wedged tenon joint windsor design lathe tools review york joins each leg to the seat is strong enough in itself to windsor design lathe tools review york the legs from creeping outward.

The stretcher system actually pushes the legs apart to retain the necessary tension which reduces slack. A cylindrical or slightly tapered hole is bored in the first piece, the matching cylindrical dindsor tapered end of the second piece is inserted in the hole as a winxsor Windsor Design Lathe Tools Review 51 tenon, and a wedge is driven into the end of this tenon, flaring it tight in the hole.

The excess portion of the wedge is then cut flush with the surface. This supplies a mechanical hold that will prevail when the glue fails. In general, early Windsor chair joints are held together mechanically, windsor design lathe tools review york glue a redundant detail in their assembly. Early British Windsors were painted, later versions were stained and polished.

During the early 19th century the United States produced vast numbers of chairs, in factories, and an experienced factory painter could paint a chair in less than five minutes. With wear in use, the paint wears off around the edges and displays a characteristic wear pattern that reveals the paint colors underneath. As for any antique, this original finish often survives best in unworn areas such as the bottom of the seat or around turnings.

Later repainting, even well-intentioned restoration, will diminish the value of an original windsor design lathe tools review york. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Country Chair Making. Encyclopedia of Country Furniture. Geraint Traditional Country Craftmen. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. Windsor Chairs. Country Chairmaking. History Glossary Wood lumber. Frame revlew panel Frameless construction.

Category WikiProject Commons. Hidden categories: CS1 maint: windsor design lathe tools review york Commons category link from Wikidata. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download wnidsor PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons. Sack-back Windsor Armchair also known as a double Windsor. Comb-back Windsor armchair. Comb-back Windsor Armchair.

Comb-back Windsor writing chair. Ricker Fanback Windsor side chair. Lyman Mower Windsor side chair. Driving the spindle home.

Driving the wedge into the tenon. Completed wedges, awaiting trimming. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Windsor chairs.

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