There are different ways to transition the economy from fossil-based power to renewable energy. Soil inoculum will be prepared by collecting soil beneath living pinyons, adding that to a sand and potting soil mix and growing P. At the climate change woodwork project key time, seed production is increasingly limited by heat and aridity, thus there is a time sensitive need to collect, store and test pinyon pine seed for re-planting. Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil to produce energy is where the majority of greenhouse gases originate. There is also concern that both pinyon and juniper loss to fuelwood cutting on the Navajo Nation may be accelerating with the loss of coal mining operations. Please enable javascript for climate change woodwork project key optimal experience!

There is also concern that both pinyon and juniper loss to fuelwood cutting on the Navajo Nation may be accelerating with the loss of coal mining operations. Thus, it is crucial and time sensitive to understand the current status and future trends for pinyon juniper woodlands and to develop restoration resources and techniques.

We will collect and store seed from many sites to ensure the availability of seeds for future restoration. We will develop techniques for germination, growth, and inoculation with beneficial soil microbes so that trees can be replaced where they have been lost. The latter will share Forest Inventory and Analysis data and expertise in remote sensing and modeling plant distributions.

NTU students will be trained in forest survey methods, as well as, in remote sensing data and geographic information systems analyses. The eventual goal is to map current and predict future pinyon juniper woodland distribution and to develop methods, resources, and plans for restoration. This project is primarily based at Navajo Technical University where faculty and students will be advised and trained by faculty and staff from Northern Arizona University and by Dr.

Nine NTU students will receive training as interns and more will be trained during coursework. Animal Health Component. Research Effort Categories Basic. We propose to use remote sensing and survey plots to develop maps of current pinyon-juniper woodland distribution and assess recent changes.

We will include assessing the causes of mortality as well as understanding demographic trajectories and seedling establishment conditions. We will also develop of seed bank resources and techniques for germination and establishment of seedlings for restoration.

We focus on P. Both species are expected to be harvested more intensively now for fuel because of closure of coal mines on the Navajo Nation Craft , Storrow Losses due to climate change and fuel wood harvesting could reduce the availability of these trees as a resource for the Navajo Nation in the future. Understanding the extent of change, both in terms of mature trees and establishing seedlings, is important to predict the future of these woodlands.

The development of restoration methods and a seed bank are also key in areas where climate change and fuel wood harvesting may result in populations that cannot replace themselves naturally Gottfried et al , Meddens et al , Parks , Yazzie et al Ongoing research explores the importance of plant genetics and associations with beneficial fungi to the restoration of P.

The research team is also collaborating with the Army Research lab to quantify the shape and spectral characteristics of drought tolerant pinyon pines Pinus edulis so that these trees eventually can be detected on the Navajo Nation using remote sensing. The work proposed here will expand these initiatives by taking a broader landscape-level perspective and explicitly including juniper as well as pinyon pine.

This project will make extensive use of geographic information technology, which is part of a high-demand skill set. The project also contributes to job placement and financial support for students by providing opportunities for paid work experience using this cutting-edge geographic information systems and remote sensing technology. In alignment with Strategic Priority 2 of "Being Well" the project will reinforce respect and understanding of land and plants. Finally, under Strategic Priority 5 of "Institutional Development" the project will result in interaction with stakeholders in Navajo Nation resource management agencies including training with NFD.

A synthesis of climate models used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC indicates that a climate shift towards significantly more arid conditions in the southwestern US is underway Seager et al. Evidence of this shift was seen in the spring of where parts of seven western states were in exceptional drought, the most extreme category NOAA, April While this was followed by a wet period in the winter of , the monsoon of was one of the driest on record CLIMAS Repeat photography of southwestern US ecosystems shows dramatic vegetation shifts in response to the drying climate of the past twenty years Brusca et al.

In the Great Basin, remote sensing and ground surveys have shown losses of pinyon at lower elevation sites, while significant branch die-back of juniper was just beginning Flake and Weisman Yazzie et al. The limited success predicted for restoration planting in their models Yazzie et al supports the need for greater development of restoration techniques. The relative lack of data for low elevation woodland supports the need for more information on current status and Climate Change Woodwork Project Detection trends.

Important issues to address to predict the future status of pinyon-juniper woodlands include understanding losses to drought, losses from tree-cutting, and the extent of new seedling establishment. In order to enable Chapters, Navajo Nation Forestry, Navajo Fish and Wildlife, and the Navajo Land Department to be able to manage pinyon-juniper forest, we propose to continue our research on the germination and establishment of pinyon pine and to initiate similar studies on juniper.

Project Methods Objective 1. The remote sensing data combined with ground survey data will enable us to quantify changes in pinyon and juniper across the Navajo Nation over the past 10 years. Coupling remote sensing, GIS and species distribution modeling will enable us to predict the past 10ybp , current and likely future abundance, extent and mortality rates for pinyon and juniper.

We will use a commercially produced ground-based hyperspectral sensor to determine spectral signatures for both pinyon and juniper. These spectral signatures will be used to inform the categorization of pinyon and juniper from satellite data.

We will train the species distribution, and mortality models using a sample of 0. Burning fossil fuels like coal and oil to produce energy is where the majority of greenhouse gases originate. Sea-level rise as it relates to climate change is caused by two major factors. First, more water is released into Climate Change Woodwork Project Question the ocean as glaciers and land ice melts. Second, the ocean expands as ocean temperatures increase.

Both of these consequences of climate change are accelerating sea-level rise around the world, putting millions of people who live in coastal communities at risk. Because weather patterns vary, causing temperatures to be higher or lower than average from time to time due to factors like ocean processes, cloud variability, volcanic activity, and other natural cycles, scientists take a longer-term view in order to consider all of the year-to-year changes.

Renewable energy is energy that comes from naturally replenished resources, such as sunlight, wind, waves, and geothermal heat. These two abbreviations are best described together as they work hand-in-hand. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC is an environmental treaty that nations joined in , with the goal of stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system.

Here, a historic global agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is on the table and, if passed, will mark a landmark achievement in the fight against climate change. These plans are known as INDCs, which will play a big part in moving us forward on the path toward a low-carbon, clean energy future. First set up in under two UN organizations, the IPCC surveys the research on climate change happening all around the world and reports to the public about the current state of our scientific knowledge.

Climate scientists and activists use the term to describe the concentration of pollutants, like carbon dioxide or methane, in the atmosphere. Pre-industrial levels of carbon dioxide refers to carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere prior to the start of the Industrial Revolution.

Scientists estimate these pre-industrial levels were about PPM, well below where we are today. Just like carbon dioxide, methane is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere. Methane accounts for about 10 percent of all US greenhouse gas emissions using figures , second only to carbon dioxide.

Mitigation refers to an action that will reduce or prevent greenhouse gas emissions, such as planting trees in order to absorb more CO2. It can also include developing and deploying new technologies, using renewable energies like wind and solar, or making older equipment more energy efficient. Stay tuned for more climate science coming up in future blog posts.

At Climate Reality, we work hard to create high-quality educational content like blogs, Small Woodworking Projects Pdf Key e-books, videos, and more to empower people all over the world to fight for climate solutions and stand together to drive the change we need. We are a nonprofit organization that believes there is hope in unity, and that together, we can build a safe, sustainable future.

Carbon dioxide CO2 The chemical compound carbon dioxide also known by its shorthand CO2 is the primary greenhouse gas and driver of climate change. Emissions In the climate change space, emissions refer to greenhouse gases released into the air that are produced by numerous activities, including burning fossil fuels, industrial agriculture, and melting permafrost, to name a few. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are sources of non-renewable energy, formed from the remains of living organisms that were buried millions of years ago.

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