Show us your best pic. Fully trained majpr and joiners will often move into year 12 woodwork major projects 09 trades such as shop fittingscaffoldingbench joinerymaintenance and system installation. Perhaps the architecture of the Modern Movement was unable to consider difference and conflict due to its therapeutic and healing pretensions. The architectural profession was not capable of perceiving them because they were so immaterial, built out of thin air, as maor were. Underbench cabinets. In Canada, each province sets its own standards for apprenticeship.

They later established colonies in North Africa and as far west as Spain. Culturally, the Phoenicians were Canaanites and spoke a variation of the Canaanite language and worshipped variations of the same gods as the Canaanite people in Israel. The particular Baal deity worshipped in Tyre was named Melkart or Melqart. The Tyrian Baal worship of Melkart seems to have been introduced into the 10 tribe kingdom of Israel during the reign of King Ahab. After this point in history the once good relations enjoyed by Tyre and the people of Judah and Israel soured.

The prophet Joel accused the people of Tyre and Sidon of selling the people of Judah into slavery to the Greeks:. The people of Tyre became overly confident in their natural island defenses and overly proud of the wealth and beauty of their city. They developed a feeling of jealousy and rivalry toward Jerusalem and exulted over the misfortunes she faced and hoped to exploit them for commercial opportunity. For these reasons the prophet Ezekiel was inspired to prophecy against her:. The gateway of the peoples has been broken!

They will destroy the walls of Tyre and tear down her towers, and I will scrape away soil and make her a shining, bare rock. She will become a drying yard for dragnets in the midst of the sea. According to the first century Jewish historian Josephus, Nebuchadnezzar laid siege to Tyre for an incredible 13 years:. Josephus also quotes an account that has not survived til our day by a historian named Philostratus who lived circa to B.

Still between Ezekiel, Josephus and certain archaeological records, some conclusions may be drawn. That the siege would be long, Ezekiel adds:.

Every head became bald, and every shoulder was rubbed bare. But he and his army received no wages for the labor he expended on Tyre. During the protracted, multi-year siege, Babylonian soldiers heads became bare from the chafing of their helmets, their shoulders rubbed raw from wearing armour and labouring long in the siege. Evidently, the mainland portion of the city fell to the Babylonians along with associated settlements in the surrounding area.

The walls and towers of the mainland city were levelled along with the homes within. The neighbouring settlements were razed to the ground and their inhabitants cruelly slaughtered. Yet lacking a significant navy, Babylon was incapable of taking the fortified island city. So Nebuchadnezzar choose to lay siege to the island, cutting it off from provisions from the mainland and to the extent they could, cutting it off from resupply by sea.

In this way they hoped to starve the city into submission. Although the historical record of both the Babylonian siege of Tyre and the subsequent invasion of Egypt is limited, archeological evidence does support the Bible record.

Other cuneiform tablets show that at some point Tyre was in the hands of the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar. Finally, a cuneiform tablet at the British Museum shows that Nebuchadnezzar did indeed successfully engage the Egyptian forces.

Nebuchadnezzar did not take the island city by force. It seems likely that the city negotiated a surrender after 13 years of siege. Either King Ithobal of Tyre died during the siege or he was surrendered to the Babylonians to be replaced by his son Baal who would become a Babylonian puppet-ruler. The later theory is supported by an ancient list of foreign kings residing in Babylon who like Judean King Jehoiachin were prisoners dependent on the Babylonian monarch for their lives.

At the top of this list is an unnamed king of Tyre. Yet the prophecy concerning Tyre at this point could only be said to be partly fulfilled.

The fulfilment of this part of the prophecy would wait over years for the ascent of Alexander the Great. Ezekiel 3. This Persian empire ruled for two centuries over the former holdings of Babylonia including Tyre until they were taken away by a fierce young king from Macedonia. By the time of his death shortly before reaching the age of 33, Alexander the Great controlled an empire that stretched from Greece, down south to Egypt and as far east as India.

He was never defeated in battle and may have continued his conquests had he not suddenly died in Babylon under circumstances that are controversial still. Many ancient historians thought he had been poisoned although many but not all modern historians believe he died of natural causes such as malaria or typhoid fever.

Shortly after succeeding his father, Alexander turned his eyes eastward toward the ancient rivals of Greece and determined to conquer Persia. First his army marched south, towards Egypt. Alexander had already bested two massive Persian armies before coming to Phoenicia.

The king of the Persians, Darius III had eluded capture and fled to the eastern part of his empire, free to fight another day. Hoping to avoid bloodshed, the king of Tyre sent envoys bearing gifts to meet with Alexander. They greeted Alexander most courteously and while not formally submitting to him, requested a formal alliance. Alexander countered with a request of his own that made the Tyrians immediately suspicious.

Inside the heavily fortified island city there was an old and famous temple to the chief god of Tyre, Melkart or Melqart. The Greeks identified this god with their famous mythic hero Hercacles Hercules. Like many ancient kings, Alexander claimed descent from the gods.

Specifically, Alexander claimed descent from Heracles. On statues and images created of Alexander he is depicted wearing or carrying items associated with Heracles.

On his coins he is depicted as a youthful and powerful Heracles. The request came during their major annual religious festival to Melkart and they may have felt that to allow Alexander to sacrifice there and at that time would have meant that they acknowledged his sovereignty over the city.

Perhaps they suspected correctly that having invited Alexander and his forces in the front door the Greeks might never leave. Or they may have wanted not to pick a side between the Greeks and the Persians before the war was decided. Therefore I want you to know that I will either enter your city or besiege it. The Tyrians continued to refuse Alexander. Further envoys from Alexander were murdered. He was right in his assessment of them, the Tyrians were over-confident in their natural island defences and in their own military forces.

They may have also thought that if Alexander could be forced into undertaking a difficult and protracted siege, that Darius III of Persia would have time to prepare and come to their rescue.

Another theory is that the people of Tyre may have hoped for help from their greatest colony, Carthage. Unlike Nebuchadnezzar two centuries earlier, Alexander was not content to simply wait and starve the Tyrians into submission. Nebuchadnezzar did not have the imagination to do what Alexander would do next. Alexander had empires to conquer and the island of Tyre was in his way.

Delay was intolerable! Further, if he let Tyre alone, the Persians could safely harbor their fleet there and Alexander would continue to have an enemy at his back as he ventured east. Though the sea barred his path Alexander was able to see past this obstacle.

True to his word, he would turn the island of Tyre into mainland. Their material was timber from the famous cedar forests of Lebanon and the abundant stone and even soil from the old city of Tyre that had lain in ruins since its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar over two centuries before.

As the water deepened, the progress of the causeway began to slow. The men of Tyre would approach the workers in boats so that they would be close enough to be heard but far enough away to avoid danger. Did you imagine when you enlisted that you would be carrying baskets of rock and dirt on your backs? Do you imagine that Alexander is greater than the god of the sea? Labor on the causeway continued and before long included tens of thousands of men drafted into service from neighbouring cities and towns.

Only now did the men of Tyre begin to awake to the danger. As the causeway progressed, it came within range of the archers on the walls of Tyre. Although ancient accounts of their height may exaggerated, there is no doubt that the walls of the island fortress were unusually high and formidable.

Alexander countered by building two of the tallest siege towers in ancient history and then had them moved to the end of causeway. These wooden towers were covered in rawhide to protect the frame from burning arrows. Further, the towers also served as artillery platforms. Catapults and archers at the top of the siege towers were able to return fire at the soldiers on the walls of Tyre. This prompted the Tyrians to devise a very clever counter-attack. Taking an old transport ship, they filled it to the gunwales with highly combustible materials.

They hung cauldrons of oil from the masts and then two galley ships towed the fireship to the end of the causeway and ran her aground. The gambit was a complete success. The towers were destroyed and work on the causeway came to a halt. The setback was short-lived. Alexander would not let the same strategy work twice. He realised he would need a navy. Fortunately the other cities of Phoenicia which had surrendered to him largely without a fight possessed fighting ships. Further, the king of Cyprus wished to be allied to Alexander and sent of his fighting ships.

Another 23 fighting ships came from the Greek city-state of Ionia. In total, Alexander now had a navy of ships which was more than Tyre possessed and more than enough to blockade the island city. Work resumed on the causeway. Alexander ordered that it be widened further and the siege towers rebuilt.

Other ships were strapped together so they could support a siege tower tall enough to reach the top of the city walls. Finally, one of the battering ram equipped ships succeeded in punching a small breach through the walls. From a tall siege tower, Alexander personally led some of his elite soldiers onto the walls of Tyre and they forced their way into the city.

The thoroughly demoralised defenders of Tyre were now in a panic and Alexanders forces were now able to punch through other areas of the city including through its harbours. The fighting inside the city was fierce but relatively short-lived. A good way to start thinking of possible projects for your HSC is to use cognitive organiser strategies such as mind mapping, a PMI table or brainstorming.

You may come across a problem during the day that you think could be done better or that should be easier to do. These are opportunities to add to your lists of possible projects. It would be of benefit to create a mind map of the problem you encountered so as to explore the idea completely. Choose a project that a Year 12 student could be reasonably expected to complete. For example, a team of designers, engineers and draftsmen would be involved in the design of a complete hotel, a new highway bridge or new Olympic Stadium and it would take this team years to complete it.

You will not be able to cover all the aspects required in a project like this to the depth that would need to be covered. You may choose to design portions of a whole project, or give ideas for the whole project and then just concentrate on one or a few sections. For example, the design of an alternative ergonomic, durable and comfortable seat would be an appropriate design project.

Alternatively, the exterior or lobby area of a new hotel could also form the basis of your project. You should select an MDP that reflects your ability and interests. This will help you keep motivated though out year A project that you are able to use later will also help as the year progresses. Will it be something you could use after it is completed? Could you use the project as an example of work you can do when seeking employment or trying to enter specific university or TAFE courses.

Think about your financial and time limitations. Designing can be expensive, but it does not have to be. Be innovative and different. The examiners want to see something new and imaginative. Think of the last time you saw something new and thought WOW. This is the kind of project you want. Below are a list of ideas that may help you in selecting a major project. Some of these ideas will have links which may be useful as inspirational material.

I would suggest using this list to help develop discussion within your class or to begin a mind mapping exercise which may ultimately generate a short list of ideas. An alternative system for collecting honey from Bee hives View example. A piece of household furniture using recycled materials View example. A theater costume View example A range of stamps with a theme View example 1 or View example 2 An object used to hang coats View example A water monitoring device A walking frame for a child with disabilities Protective equipment View video link An interior design for an office or home Clothing that gives feedback View example Swimwear View example A water craft Boat, Canoe or surfboard View example Clothing accessories or a coordinated fashion range View example A toolbox for woodworking tools A graphic design of a car, truck, train or bus A packaged computer game View example An iBook View example 1 or View example 2 A toy for a child with disabilities A print publication.

View link. A new railway station layout An amusement park. What ever your final decision may be, it is essential that you begin the process very early in the H.

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