Sharp! A few seconds into this Laura Kampf video (on building a simple folding table), I spotted this cool little “hack.” She attached a schoolbox pencil sharpener to the back of her tape measure for hands-free sharpening on the fly. Great idea! Basic Molding and Casting. Making a molding box from Legos for casting small parts. Creating quick casts and molding small parts is a lot easier than you might think. There are all sorts of products for making one- and two-part molds and different liquid plastics and resins you can use for casting. This video shows how you can quickly duplicate small p. Цифровые фоторамки The Sharper Image. 7,99$.  Цифровая фоторамка NIB Sharper Image USB Digital Photo Keychain 60 Images " Color LCD. Цифровые фоторамки Digital photo. 7,50$. www.- offers 4, digital measuring tape products. A wide variety of digital measuring tape options are available to you, such as certification, warranty, and customized support.  digital measuring tape. Popular and trending products. Coming from a rock background, this was only natural for Rubin. Give five examples where the number of things counted would be more than 6-digit number. Changes will take effect once you reload the page. Try doing this with two different whole numbers. Study lib. Write down your procedure. What acceleration does the gun give this object?

While Dr. Immediately taken aback, Dre told his former label boss to find the kid rapping on the tape. The white rapper from Detroit who everyone thought was going to be a novelty act lit a fire under Dre, and in turn the good doctor gave the rap world The Slim Shady LP and in the same year.

Dre Day was back; was the very beginning of his journey to a billion dollars, and signing Eminem gave his label, Aftermath, the star it so desperately needed. Even more impressive is how different those albums sounded. The latter album made Eminem the white rapper that all white rappers would be compared to until the end of time for better or worse and established him as a global superstar for years to come. The Slim Shady LP and sold a combined 10 million albums by the end of Finally, Dr.

Dre had found his new Snoop Dogg in Eminem. Still, the Cash Money producer managed to give us three hits in B. Timbo was on a run, too. No resource was more precious at the turn of the century than time. Earth as we knew it was meant to collapse. In , while humanity stockpiled canned goods and candles, Dre and Big Boi went out and bought a studio.

Owning a space to record in freed them from the constraints of time. OutKast dubbed the space Stankonia and went to work on an album of the same name. Yes, the group was already moving on up in the world by the year , but their prior noise was perhaps too organized to take full advantage of their skill set.

While Big Boi, Dre, and Mr. DJ appeared to be about as concerned with space as they were with time in creating Stankonia —that is to say, not very—the album shifted hip-hop's landscape. The South always had something to say , but on Stankonia , through the efforts of Earthtone III, it managed to ensure that the world would make time to listen.

Forever ever? Forever ever. Dre was not prepared to rest on those laurels, though. On the less psychotic end of the spectrum, Dilla gave Common new life no Resurrection by holding down production duties on Like Water for Chocolate. A turn-of-the-century tip of the cap is also in order for Alchemist, who linked up with Prodigy on H.

How serious was Kanye West in ? In the accompanying story, Hov explained that his next release would be an homage to the soul music he grew up on. A relatively unknown Kanye was among the names conscripted to engineer that sound.

Beans connected with Kanye that summer, too. If you needed a single, you went to them. On the less commercial tip, El-P laced Cannibal Ox, among others from Definitive Jux, with his spaced-out boom-bap beats.

The Cold Vein still holds up. The Neptunes were no strangers to rap by the early s. The production duo of Chad Hugo and Pharrell Williams had been building up credits for years, but there was something about the climate of music at the time that turned into one of the most explosive twelve months for a production unit in recent memory.

Meanwhile, clubs were rocking to cuts like N. But two albums with huge Neptunes stamps on them hit in By , the South was clearly poised to take over, but the region was without a dominant sound.

So, for that matter, was the blip that was snap music. Enter Lil Jon. More conventional MCs added another dimension to his beats. Did some of these tracks and the ones that followed them sound a lot alike? But for a moment, before trap eclipsed almost every other Southern production style a few years later, Lil Jon ran the region. As most of us know by now, he stepped into the game as a producer first, and that facet remains the most prominent part of his artistic character.

His debut studio album, The College Dropout , demonstrated his obsession with digging through crates to find the most soul-penetrating samples possible.

Kanye's production was undeniable enough for him to present direct and somewhat unconventional thoughts about his blackness, his arrogance, and his aspirations to a wide audience. In both situations, Kanye made it a point to let the artistry of his guests build on top of the work he had already laid down.

The song would go on to become the first No. Need I say more? He also released a solo album that year, which reminded us that he had a big, you know, house. Last but not least, in every sense of the phrase, Salih Williams put a whole new scene on the map with just his own two. Most successful producers looking to solidify a budding rap career would save the best beats for themselves.

But before releasing his own self-produced sophomore album, Late Registration , Kanye West let Common get first dibs on tracks for his comeback project, Be.

Three short months after the release of Be , Kanye was back at it with another collection of beats for Late Registration that would turn hip-hop on its collective head. Topically, he was sharper than ever, and the same could be said of his production.

Dropped in the bygone era of physical releases, Late Registration compelled listeners to scour liner notes just to look up samples. It took just a few listens of Late Registration to hear that Kanye had not only orchestrated his second classic solo album in a row thanks in part to actual orchestrations from Jon Brion , but also his second classic of the year. Then in , his career exploded on the strength of two major songs.

Released in January, T. So he was pushed to recreate it himself, with the help of his engineer, Wonder Arillo. The result was a song that moved like a soul record but hit hard enough to make you screw your face up every time you hear it.

The song also served as a final fuck you to Lil Flip, who T. While T. Just three days prior, the deeply revered producer dropped Donuts , widely considered one of the most influential instrumental hip-hop albums of all time.

He spoke through sample-based loops, piecing together a larger narrative of short stories. With Donuts , Dilla showed just how much you can do with a little curiosity and a lot of ingenuity. Me Too. That vision came to life on the album, where Kanye successfully embraced genres and stylistic elements outside of his normal repertoire.

Meanwhile, Soulja Boy was the unlikely breakout star of The accompanying dance helped the FruityLoops-made hit reach No. By the late s, trap music had a firm grip on hip-hop, with its early adopters getting plenty of work. That included Tennessee-born, Atlanta-bred Drumma Boy , whose credits looked like an all-star Rolodex of the South.

It's like a movie as soon as you push play. The record reached double-platinum status and earned a Grammy nomination, not to mention remixes from the likes of Lil Wayne, Ludacris, and Rick Ross. The big homie JAY-Z even gave it his seal of approval when he hopped on the official remix. He then connected with T.

Stylistically, it was an abrupt departure from his early sound, as he used electropop and melancholic melodies that would provide a blueprint for a crop of new rappers in the late s and beyond. So Far Gone , for its part, broadened the genre with emotive yet sparse musicianship. That subtle difference gave Drake the canvas he needed for his trademark suburban swagger and moments of reflection.

The project—comprised mostly of original beats with no DJ tags, throwaway songs, or radio freestyles—helped shift the way rappers built mixtapes thereafter. Without 40, as Drake has long acknowledged, things would have played out otherwise. Guwop had a particularly keen ear for beats that year, as Drumma Boy contributed a slew of bangers to The State vs. I felt like I wasn't getting nowhere.

My name really wasn't buzzing. I didn't think I could be like how Drumma Boy and them were. People always told me it ain't gonna get me nowhere. It wouldn't get me the real money. Some MVP moments are born out of years of diligence and hard work. Others arrive with all the immediacy, suddenness, and enveloping totality of a flash thunderstorm.

Such is the tale of Lexis Lewis, who stormed onto the scene with thunderous beats that hit just as hard the professional WWF wrestler he takes his moniker from. With all due respect to Mr. Lex went from anxious teenager to the architect of a paradigm shift. His influence spread faster and farther than he could control. By , his contributions to high-profile projects waned, but as hip-hop moved away from the lush and luxurious, and towards something darker at the turn of this most recent decade, history will remember who heralded the change.

But no one can take the singular triumph away from its main conductor. In , Tyler, the Creator was in the nascent stages of honing a sound that would hit the mainstream in full force one year later. Marcberg is like returning to the city after an extended trip away, breathing in deeply, and inhaling everything it has to offer.

Created largely in the shut-in Toronto winter climate, Take Care has the feel of art created at home and the cold texture of its local environment. For all the co-production across the album, 40 is the connective tissue that makes the high-energy songs sound at place with the moodier tracks. Grammy notwithstanding, the debate over whether Drake fully achieved what he set out to do with Take Care rages on to this day.

If 40 was playing around with minimalism, Clams spent the year perfecting a dreamy, drugged-out spin on that wave, as evidenced by Live. The track positioned Hit-Boy as the next great superproducer. The trap renaissance of the s had begun.

Story under his new name. In addition to the singles, Mike Will dropped a trilogy of mixtapes— Est. Music was first. A week later, El dropped his solo effort, Cancer 4 Cure , which was dedicated to his late friend Camu Tao.

It was a stark contrast to the way most of the world—fans, haters, critics, casual observers—viewed him. Up until that point, Kanye practiced maximalism.

Significant digits sometimes are gained when adding. History Aristotle said that the speed of a falling object varies inversely with the density of the medium through which it falls. Lower density means faster speed, so the rock falls faster in air. How fast would a rock fall in a vacuum? Based on this, why would Aristotle say that there could be no such thing as a vacuum?

The masses of two metal blocks are measured. Block A has a mass of 8. How many significant digits are expressed in these measurements? A: three; B: four b. What is the total mass of block A plus block B? Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory. A scientific theory has been tested and supported many times before it becomes accepted.

A hypothesis is an idea about how things might work—it has much less support. Give an example of a scientific law. Because a vacuum would have a zero density, the rock should fall infinitely fast.

Nothing can fall that fast. Chapter 1 continued What reason might the ancient Greeks have had not to question the hypothesis that heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects? Hint: Did you ever question which falls faster? Air resistance affects many light objects. Without controlled experiments, their everyday observations told them that heavier objects did fall faster.

As telescopes improved and later probes were sent into space, scientists gained more information about the surface. When the information did not support old hypotheses, the hypotheses changed. A graduated cylinder is marked every mL.

How precise a measurement can you make with this instrument? Mastering Problems pages 26—28 1. Convert each of the following measurements to meters. Add or subtract as indicated. Rank the following mass measurements from least to greatest: State the number of significant digits in each of the following measurements. Multiply or divide as indicated. How precise a measurement could you make with the scale shown in Figure ?

Gravity The force due to gravity is F mg where g 9. Find the force due to gravity on a What is its mass? Give the measure shown on the meter in Figure as precisely as you can. Include the uncertainty in your answer. Will the following expression give a pressure in the correct units? A water tank has a mass of 3. What is the mass of the water in the tank? The length of a room is What volume does the room enclose?

The sides of a quadrangular plot of land are What is the perimeter of the plot? Estimate the height of the nearest door frame in centimeters. Then measure it. How accurate was your estimate? How precise was your estimate? How precise was your measurement? Why are the two precisions different? A standard residential doorframe height is 80 inches, which is about cm.

The precision depends on the measurement instrument used. Base Units Give six examples of quantities you might measure in a physics lab.

Include the units you would use. Find the average temperature change per hour. Predict the temperature in 2 more hours if the trend continues. Could you accurately predict the temperature in 24 hours? Temperature is unlikely to continue falling sharply and steadily that long.

Table Distance Traveled with Different Forces a. What is the mass of 30 cm3 of each substance? Force N 24 If you had g of each substance, what would be their volumes? In one or two sentences, describe the meaning of the slopes of the lines in this graph.

The slope represents the increased mass of each additional cubic centimeter of the substance. What is the y-intercept of each line? What does it mean? The y-intercept is 0,0. It means that when V 0 cm3, there is none of the substance present m 0 g. Distance cm 5. Plot the values given in the table and draw the curve that best fits all points.

Figure shows the masses of three substances for volumes between 0 and 60 cm3. During a class demonstration, a physics instructor placed a mass on a horizontal table that was nearly frictionless. The instructor then applied various horizontal forces to the mass and measured the distance it traveled in 5 seconds for each force applied.

The results of the experiment are shown in Table Use the graph to write an equation relating the distance to the force. What is the constant in the equation? Find its units. The constant is 4. Predict the distance traveled when a The physics instructor from the previous problem changed the procedure. The mass was varied while the force was kept constant.

Time and distance were measured, and the acceleration of each mass was calculated. Table c. According to the graph, what is the relationship between mass and the acceleration produced by a constant force? Acceleration varies inversely with mass. Write the equation relating acceleration to mass given by the data in the graph. Find the units of the constant in the equation. Predict the acceleration of an 8. During an experiment, a student measured the mass of The student then measured the mass of In this way, the data in Table were collected.

Acceleration of Different Masses 1. Plot the values given in the table and draw the curve that best fits all the points. Use the graph to write an equation relating the volume to the mass of the alcohol. Find the units of the slope of the graph. What is the name given to this quantity? What is the mass of Arrange the following numbers from most precise to least precise 0. Figure shows the toroidal doughnutshaped interior of the now-dismantled Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor.

Explain why a width of 80 m would be an unreasonable value for the width of the toroid. What would be a reasonable value? You are given the following measurements of a rectangular bar: length 2. Express your results in proper form. A drop of water contains 1. If the water evaporated at the rate of one million molecules per second, how many years would it take for the drop to completely evaporate?

If the water level rises to You are cracking a code and have discovered the following conversion factors: 1. How many shorts are equal to one long? Apply Concepts It has been said that fools can ask more questions than the wise can answer. In science, it is frequently the case that one wise person is needed to ask the right question rather than to answer it.

Apply Concepts Find the approximate mass of water in kilograms needed to fill a container that is 1. Report your result to one significant digit. Use a reference source to find the density of water. Solutions Manual 13 Chapter 1 continued Vw cm Because the density of water is 1. Analyze and Conclude A container of gas with a pressure of kPa has a volume of cm3 and a mass of 4.

If the pressure is increased to kPa, what is the density of the gas? Pressure and volume are inversely proportional. Since the pressure is 1 4 times greater, the volume will be 4 of the original volume.

Explain how improved precision in measuring time would have led to more accurate predictions about how an object falls. Answers will vary. For example, students might suggest that improved precision can lead to better observations. Then the same object is removed from the first spring and suspended from a second spring. The elongation of spring 2 is X2. X2 is greater than X1.

On the same axes, sketch the graphs of the mass versus elongation for both springs. Design an Experiment How high can you throw a ball? What variables might affect the answer to this question? Research and describe a topic in the history of physics. Explain how ideas about the topic changed over time. Be sure to include the contributions of scientists and to evaluate the impact of their contributions on scientific thought and the world outside the laboratory.

Is the origin included in the graph? Why or why not? Yes; the origin corresponds to 0 elongation when the force is 0. Which slope is steeper? The slope for X2 is steeper. At a given mass, X2 1. If X2 5. Calculate If the Sun suddenly ceased to shine, how long would it take Earth to become dark? You will have to look up the speed of light in a vacuum and the distance from the Sun to Earth.

How long would it take the surface of Jupiter to become dark? Motion Diagram of a Runner Use the particle model to draw a motion diagram for a bike rider riding at a constant pace. Critical Thinking Use the particle model to draw motion diagrams for two runners in a race, when the first runner crosses the finish line as the other runner is threefourths of the way to the finish line.

Runner 2 t0 Runner 1 t0 t1 t2 t1 t3 t2 t4 t3 t4 Start 2. Motion Diagram of a Bird Use the particle model to draw a simplified motion diagram corresponding to the motion diagram in Figure for a flying bird. What point on the bird did you choose to represent it? Finish Section Review 2. Displacement The particle model for a car traveling on an interstate highway is shown below.

The starting point is shown. Motion Diagram of a Car Use the particle model to draw a simplified motion diagram corresponding to the motion diagram in Figure for a car coming to a stop at a stop sign. What point on the car did you use to represent it?

There Make a copy of the particle model, and draw a vector to represent the displacement of the car from the starting time to the end of the third time interval. Here There 6. Displacement The particle model for a boy walking to school is shown below. Home School Make a copy of the particle model, and draw vectors to represent the displacement between each pair of dots. When the origins are different, the position vectors are different.

On the other hand, a displacement vector has nothing to do with the origin. Critical Thinking A car travels straight along the street from the grocery store to the post office. To represent its motion you use a coordinate system with its origin at the grocery store and the direction the car is moving in as the positive direction.

Your friend uses a coordinate system with its origin at the post office and the opposite direction as the positive direction. The time interval the trip took? Describe the motion of the car shown by the graph. The car begins at a position of The car continues beyond the origin. Draw a motion diagram that corresponds to the graph. Assume that the positive d-direction is east and the negative d-direction is west.

When was the car Where was the car at 1. Describe, in words, the motion of the two pedestrians shown by the lines in Figure Assume that the positive direction is east on Broad Street and the origin is the intersection of Broad and High Streets.

The two students should agree on the displacement, distance, and time interval for the trip, because these three quantities are independent of where the origin of the coordinate system is placed. Practice Problems Position m 7. Position Two students compared the position vectors they each had drawn on a motion diagram to show the position of a moving object at the same time.

They found that their vectors did not point in the same direction. Chapter 2 continued page 41 For problems 14—17, refer to the figure in Example Problem 2. Broad St. Position m East Pedestrian B begins east of High Street and walks west the negative direction. Sometime after they pass, Pedestrian A crosses High Street. Odina walked down the hall at school from the cafeteria to the band room, a distance of A class of physics students recorded and graphed her position every 2.

When was Odina in the following positions? What event occurred at t 0. Runner A passed the origin. Which runner was ahead at t When runner A was at 0. How far apart were runners A and B at t Juanita goes for a walk. Sometime later, her friend Heather starts to walk after her. Their motions are represented by the positiontime graphs in Figure Distance from cafeteria m How long had Juanita been walking when Heather started her walk?

Will Heather catch up to Juanita? How can you tell? The lines will not intersect. For problems 21—23, refer to Figure Time Use the position-time graph of the hockey puck to determine when it was Section Review Position-Time Graphs pages 38—42 2.

Position-Time Graph From the particle model in Figure of a baby crawling across a kitchen floor, plot a position-time graph to represent his motion.

The time interval between successive dots is 1 s. Time Interval Use the position-time graph for the hockey puck to determine how much time it took for the puck to go from 40 m beyond the origin to 80 m beyond the origin. Critical Thinking Look at the particle model and position-time graph shown in Figure Do they describe the same motion?

How do you know? Do not confuse the position coordinate system in the particle model with the horizontal axis in the position-time graph. The time intervals in the particle model are 2 s.

Motion Diagram Create a particle model from the position-time graph of a hockey puck gliding across a frozen pond in Figure Distance Use the position-time graph of the hockey puck to determine how far it moved between 0. Chapter 2 continued Practice Problems 2. The graph in Figure describes the motion of a cruise ship during its voyage through calm waters. The positive d-direction is defined to be south. Describe, in words, the motion of the cruise ship in the previous problem.

The ship is moving to the north at a speed of 0. The graph in Figure represents the motion of a bicycle. Although both objects are traveling in the positive direction, one is moving more quickly than the other. Students can cite a number of different specific examples from the graph and particle model to back this up. Using the points 0. What is its average velocity?

The average velocity is the slope of the line, including the sign, so it is 0. When Marilyn takes her pet dog for a walk, the dog walks at a very consistent pace of 0. Motion Diagram t0 0 s t6 36 s 0. Average Velocity Rank the graphs according to average velocity, from greatest average velocity to least average velocity.

Specifically indicate any ties. Average Speed Rank the position-time graphs according to the average speed of the object, from greatest average speed to least average speed. Yes, the ranking from greatest to least distance would be A, C, D, B. Average Speed and Average Velocity Explain how average speed and average velocity are related to each other. Average speed is the absolute value of the average velocity. Speed is only a magnitude, while velocity is a magnitude and a direction.

Would your ranking be different if you had been asked to do the ranking according to initial distance from the origin? Chapter 2 continued Critical Thinking In solving a physics problem, why is it important to create pictorial and physical models before trying to solve an equation? Answers will vary, but here are some of the important points.

Drawing the models before writing down the equation helps you to get the problem situation organized in your head. Also, you choose the coordinate system in this step, and this is essential in making sure you use the proper signs on the quantities you will substitute into the equation later.

Complete the concept map below using the following terms: words, equivalent representations, position-time graph. The following quantities describe location or its change: position, distance, and displacement.

Briefly describe the differences among them. How can you use a clock to find a time interval? In-line Skating How can you use the position-time graphs for two in-line skaters to determine if and when one in-line skater will pass the other one?

One inline skater will pass the other if the lines representing each of their motions intersect. The position coordinate of the point where the lines intersect is the position where the passing occurs.

What is the purpose of drawing a motion diagram? Walking Versus Running A walker and a runner leave your front door at the same time. They move in the same direction at different constant velocities. Describe the position-time graphs of each. Mastering Concepts Under what circumstances is it legitimate to treat an object as a point particle? Physics: Principles and Problems What does the slope of a position-time graph measure?

Figure is a graph of two people running. Position m Its average velocity? When can a football player be treated as a point particle? A football player can be treated as a point particle if his or her internal motions are not important and if he or she is small in comparison to the distance he or she moves — for distances of several yards or more.

What occurs at point P and beyond? Runner B passes runner A at point P. Be ss ie The position-time graph in Figure shows the motion of four cows walking from the pasture back to the barn. Rank the cows according to their average velocity, from slowest to fastest. A football can be treated as a point particle if its rotations are not important and if it is small in comparison to the distance it moves — for distances of 1 yard or more.

Which runner is faster? Football When can a football be considered a point particle? E ls d t increases when either term increases. The sign of d t depends upon the relative sizes of d and t. Describe the position of runner A relative to runner B at the y-intercept. Position m page 52 Figure is a position-time graph for a rabbit running away from a dog. Describe how this graph would be different if the rabbit ran twice as fast.

The only difference is that the slope of the graph would be twice as steep. Describe how this graph would be different if the rabbit ran in the opposite direction. The magnitude of the slope would be the same, but it would be negative. A bike travels at a constant speed of 4. How far does it go? Astronomy Light from the Sun reaches Earth in 8.

The speed of light is 3. How far is Earth from the Sun? A child suddenly runs into the street. If it takes the driver 0. Nora jogs several times a week and always keeps track of how much time she runs each time she goes out. As she passes a particular bank, she remembers that it is 4. She knows from her previous training that she has a consistent pace of 4. How long has Nora been jogging when she reaches the bank?

Cycling A cyclist maintains a constant velocity of 5. At time t 0. What is the displacement from the starting position at Driving You and a friend each drive You travel at How long will your friend have to wait for you at the end of the trip? Figure is a particle model for a chicken casually walking across the road. Time intervals are every 0. This side The other side Time intervals are 0.

At what time s are Joszi and Heike in the same place? How much time does Joszi spend on the river before he passes Heike? Both cars passed a gas station km from the school. When did each car pass the gas station?

Calculate the times and show them on your graph. Level 2 Driving Both car A and car B leave school when a stopwatch reads zero. Draw a position-time graph showing the motion of both cars. How far are the two cars from school when the stopwatch reads 2.

Calculate the distances and show them on your graph. Draw a position-time graph for two cars traveling to the beach, which is 50 km from school. Car B starts from school at P. When does each car get to the beach? Where on the river does it appear that there might be a swift current? Two cars travel along a straight road. When a stopwatch reads t 0. Later, when the watch reads t 0. Answer the following questions, first, graphically by creating a position-time graph, and second, algebraically by writing equations for the positions dA and dB as a function of the stopwatch time, t.

The origin is at one end of the aisle. What will the watch read when car B passes car A? At what position will car B pass car A? When the cars pass, how long will it have been since car A was at the reference point? When does Jim have a position of 6. How much time passes between when Jim enters the aisle and when he gets to a position of Apply Calculators Members of a physics class stood 25 m apart and used stopwatches to measure the time which a car traveling on the highway passed each person.

Their data are shown in Table Table Position v. Time Position m 0. Be sure to set the display range of the graph so that all the data fit on it. Find the slope of the line. What was the speed of the car? Time s What must your average speed be in the second half of the trip to meet your goal? Is this reasonable?

Note that the velocities are based on half the distance, not half the time. This means you have used There are actually several good possibilities for answers on this one.

Two that should be among the most popular are briefly described here. Synchronize the watches and stand along the street separated by a consistent distance, maybe 10 m or so. When the motorcycle passes, have each person record the time at least to an accuracy of seconds that the motorcycle crossed in front of them. Plot a position time graph, and compute the slope of the best-fit line. If the slope is greater than 25 mph, the motorcycle is speeding.

Sony a or a? Pair it with a Sony a6x00 camera you have a killer but light and low cost! They give you full-frame pro quality photos but without the weight. Contains a list of the best and lightest, professional full-frame camera bodies and lenses. There is no right choice! Each camera has its strengths and weakness. This is especially true if getting top notch photos is a serious trip objective. The table below shows why this is so.

But given their image sensor is 6. See more on how to utilize this power below. Zoom lenses typically resolve less, especially inexpensive ones. See more about perceptual megapixels here.

This includes dynamic range ability to handle large differences from the lightest to darkest parts of the photo , color, contrast, texture, and even focus to their photos. The improvements can be dramatic. It may take a lot of editing of photos from a traditional camera to clearly see the benefits of a larger sensor. That being said, read my article:. For me, the Sony a is a clear choice for serious backpacking photos. With the right lens it has superb image quality challenging heavier cameras that cost far more.

I have the option of a number of great lenses, many of them inexpensive. And perhaps most important, it is super fast to use with an excellent electronic viewfinder EVF. And here is how I use that system backpacking, so I have immediate access to my camera at all times. The camera is surprisingly light and non-intrusive while I hike. For me the maximum weight of a camera is determined by what I can comfortably carry all day on the shoulder strap of my pack.

Photo: Dolly Sods Wildness with the 16 oz Sony a with stock zoom lens in table above. Sony a camera : The a has the same 24 MP resolution but is a few oz lighter than the a It is considerably less expensive. With the save money you can a nice lens still come out ahead. The a with both lenses will significantly outperform the more expensive Sony a with the kit mm lens. Sony a : The a has the same 24 MP resolution but but has a bit more dynamic range than the a This the maximum range of light to dark it can capture and still retain detail in the photo.

And the a uses a large battery that will give much more use between battery changes. But the most important upgrade to the a is image stabilization built-in to the camera body. This is a pretty big deal for hikers and backpackers. Finally the a has a touchscreen display. The best part of this is just touching the screen where you want focus.

I find this especially useful to get super accurate focus when shooting on a tripod. As noted in the table at the beginning of the article , you can get almost 3x better resolution with higher quality, but heavier and more expensive lenses. They are especially helpful if you think you might want to make large prints from your photos. If good photos are a serious objective for your trip, here are some lens upgrades I frequently use: On camera is the Sony mm F4 G OSS zoom 15mm to 27mm equiv.

And finally, its single lens while similar in performance to the a kit lens, is not interchangeable. We suggest you go up the camera versions until you get the features that matter to you. That being said, the list can be shortened to two, possibly three major options:.

But pricy! The low light of the deep shade of the canyon late in the day was a challenge. A fast er lens, moderate 1S0 increase, and image stabilization all helped to keep the photo sharp with good color and low noise — without resorting to a tripod. One of the major tenets of serious outdoor photography is that you need a tripod to get good results.

But this not necessary true. There are some good options to steady your camera for reasonably-sharp photos before you need to resort to using a tripod. These also have the advantage of being a lot faster to use vs. The following hacks, when combined, can gain you 6 to 8 stops camera shutter speeds.

Remember to squeeze off that shutter gently! Now that you are not holding the camera, remember to put the shutter release on a 2-second delay for sharpest results, or use a remote see gear lists above. The good news is that for just a few ounces you can get a perfectly serviceable mini tripod. Sometimes to get the highest image quality e. Any serious backcountry photographer should consider taking a small ultralight camera tripod like a Gorillapod or UltraPod.

Compared to the techniques mentioned earlier, they provide better camera positioning and stability at a fraction of the weight of a full-sized, conventional tripod. These mini-pods are far from perfect. Finally, you may need or want a full sized tripod. This is especially true if photography is your main trip objective. While heavier compared to the Gorilla-pod or UltraPod, it is far more stable and provides better camera positioning.

And it extends all the way up to 58 inches, for a convenient non-stooping work height. More than I ever got with a point and shoot camera in my pocket!

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