Hi friends, here is a list of 50 Kitchen tools in English with Images for better learning. Woodturning Tools, Lathe Tools, Woodworking Lathe, Learn Woodworking, Wood Tools, Woodworking Techniques, Woodworking Projects, Lathe Chisels, Cnc Lathe. Woodturning Tools Lathe Tools Woodworking Hand Tools Woodworking Store Woodworking Clamps Woodworking Supplies Woodworking Ideas Wood Turning Lathe Wood Turning Projects. Pen Making, Bowl Turning, Wood Lathes, Wood Blanks, and Turning Tools for Woodturners | Craft Supplies USA.  7 Tool Set of Carbide Lathe Tools with Interchangeable Foam Grip Handle. 7 Tool Set of Carbide Lathe Tools with Interchangeable Foam Grip Handle. Cnc Lathe Lathe Tools Wood Lathe Wood Turning Lathe Wood Turning Projects Wood Projects Small Lathe Foam Carving Cool Ideas. www.- Lathe. A tool for generating bacterial genomes from metagenomes with Nanopore long read sequencing. Installation. First, install miniconda3. Then install snakemake. This can be done with the following. conda install snakemake snakemake --version #please ensure this is >= Next, clone this github directory to some location where it can be stored permanently. Remember to keep it updated with git pull. git clone www.- Instructions to enable cluster execution with SLURM can be found at www.-   Alter www.- to provide the following: sample_name: Name of sample and output directory. fast5_directory: the absolute path to fast5 data. flowcell: flowcell code, e.g. FLO-MIN, passed to basecaller. Lathes of this size that are designed for mass manufacture, but lathe tools with name names offering the versatile screw-cutting capabilities of the laathe or bench lathe, are referred to as "second operation" lathes. It lathe tools with name names considered the toughest tool for woodturning. With the use of suitable woodturning tools and equipments one can churn a number of decorative and functions items from wood. Archived PDF from the original on It has been fitted with a strong motor, which delivers ample energy to cater to all your turning needs.

That can be a difficult task to execute without proper sharpening tools. The basic woodturning tools mentioned above are a better value when purchased in a set. You can add more tools to your tool kit as you undertake more complex turning projects.

Spindle Roughing Gouge: This tool is used for transforming spindle blanks from square to round. This tool is straight and deep-fluted, and features a square tip and a broad cutting surface. When working with this tool approach the work piece with the flute side facing up and the cutting side elevated from the handle. The bevel on the tip should contact the work piece before the cutting edge. Once the gauge rubs the work piece, raise the handle so that the cutting begins.

Typically, the center of the work piece is worked on first before moving towards the ends. You can adjust the depth of the cut by lowering or raising the handle. Skew Chisel: This is a flat bladed tool characterized by bevels on both side of its angular tip. It is used to give a fine finish on the spindle work. Typical uses include cleaning the end of grains of spindle, making shallow curves, v cuts, pummels and beads.

The cutting edge should meet the stock to be worked on at an angle of 45 degrees, quite above the centerline. Typically, you should always cut at one end of the stock and move towards the other end.

Spindle Gauge: This tool is characterized by a round blade and a shallow flute. The tip of the blade has a rounded profile and a beveled edge. This woodturning tool is also known to many as the shallow flute gauge. Typically used for shaping and detailing work on the stock. One can create coves, beads and other profiles with it. This is also a bevel-rubbing tool and is presented to the stock slightly above the centerline.

This tool should always cut downhill, that is first the highest point, then the lowest one and work out towards each end.

Bowl Gauge: This woodturning tool has a deep fluted blade and the tip is typically rounded or sharply pointed. Just like other gouges, the bevel of the tool should touch the stock first followed by the cutting edge.

The tool is then rotated in the direction of the cut and pushed to shape the wood. They are also known as deep flute gouges and are used for initial shaping of bowls, faceplate work, etc. They are also used to create massive profiles and also for delicate finishing work. Parting Tool: The blade of this tool is typically straight and narrow, and is characterized by steep chisel point and faceted faces.

In Russian engineer Andrey Nartov invented one of the first lathes with a mechanical cutting tool-supporting carriage and a set of gears also known as a compound rest or slide rest with the first to invent such a lathe probably being Leonardo da Vinci. An important early lathe in the UK was the horizontal boring machine that was installed by Jan Verbruggen in in the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich. It was horse-powered and allowed for the production of much more accurate and stronger cannon used with success in the American Revolutionary War in the late 18th century.

One of the key characteristics of this machine was that the workpiece was turning as opposed to the tool, making it technically a lathe. Henry Maudslay , who later developed many improvements to the lathe, worked at the Royal Arsenal from , being exposed to this machine in the Verbruggen workshop. It is likely that Maudslay was not aware of Vaucanson's work, since his first versions of the slide rest had many Names Of Woodwork Power Tools errors that were not present in the Vaucanson lathe.

During the Industrial Revolution , mechanized power generated by water wheels or steam engines was transmitted to the lathe via line shafting, allowing faster and easier work. Metalworking lathes evolved into heavier machines with thicker, more rigid parts. Between the late 19th and midth centuries, individual electric motors at each lathe replaced line shafting as the power source. Beginning in the s, servomechanisms were applied to the control of lathes and other machine tools via numerical control, which often was coupled with computers to yield computerized numerical control CNC.

Today manually controlled and CNC lathes coexist in the manufacturing industries. A lathe may or may not have legs also known as a nugget, which sit on the floor and elevate the lathe bed to a working height. A lathe may be small and sit on a workbench or table, not requiring a stand. Almost all lathes have a bed, which is almost always a horizontal beam although CNC lathes commonly have an inclined or vertical beam for a bed to ensure that swarf , or chips, falls free of the bed.

Woodturning lathes specialized for turning large bowls often have no bed or tail stock, merely a free-standing headstock and a cantilevered tool rest. At one end of the bed almost always the left, as the operator faces the lathe is a headstock. The headstock contains high-precision spinning bearings. Rotating within the bearings is a horizontal axle, with an axis parallel to the bed, called the spindle.

Spindles are often hollow and have an interior Morse taper on the spindle nose i. Spindles may also have arrangements for work-holding on the left-hand end of the spindle with other tooling arrangements for particular tasks.

Spindles are powered and impart motion to the workpiece. The spindle is driven either by foot power from a treadle and flywheel or by a belt or gear drive from a power source such as electric motor or overhead line shafts. In most modern lathes this power source is an integral electric motor, often either in the headstock, to the left of the headstock, or beneath the headstock, concealed in the stand.

In addition to the spindle and its bearings, the headstock often contains parts to convert the motor speed into various spindle speeds. Various types of speed-changing mechanism achieve this, from a cone pulley or step pulley, to a cone pulley with back gear which is essentially a low range, similar in net effect to the two-speed rear of a truck , to an entire gear train similar to that of a manual-shift automotive transmission.

Some motors have electronic rheostat-type speed controls, which obviates cone pulleys or gears. The counterpoint to the headstock is the tailstock, sometimes referred to as the loose head, as it can be positioned at any convenient point on the bed by sliding it to the required area.

The tail-stock contains a barrel, which does not rotate, but can slide in and out parallel to the axis of the bed and directly in line with the headstock spindle. The barrel is hollow and usually contains a taper to facilitate the gripping of various types of tooling.

Its most common uses are to hold a hardened steel center, which is used to support long thin shafts while turning, or to hold drill bits for drilling axial holes in the work piece. Many other uses are possible. Metalworking lathes have a carriage comprising a saddle and apron topped with a cross-slide, which is a flat piece that sits crosswise on the bed and can be cranked at right angles to the bed.

Sitting atop the cross slide is usually another slide called a compound rest, which provides 2 additional axes of motion, rotary and linear. Atop that sits a toolpost, which holds a cutting tool , which removes material from the workpiece. There may or may not be a leadscrew , which moves the cross-slide along the bed.

Woodturning and metal spinning lathes do not have cross-slides, but rather have banjos , which are flat pieces that sit crosswise on the bed. The position of a banjo can be adjusted by hand; no gearing is involved. Ascending vertically from the banjo is a tool-post, at the top of which is a horizontal tool-rest.

In woodturning, hand tools are braced against the tool rest and levered into the workpiece. In metal spinning, the further pin ascends vertically from the tool rest and serves as a fulcrum against which tools may be levered into the workpiece. Unless a workpiece has a taper machined onto it which perfectly matches the internal taper in the spindle, or has threads which perfectly match the external threads on the spindle two conditions which rarely exist , an accessory must be used to mount a workpiece to the spindle.

A workpiece may be bolted or screwed to a faceplate , a large, flat disk that mounts to the spindle. In the alternative, faceplate dogs may be used to secure the work to the faceplate. A workpiece may be mounted on a mandrel , or circular work clamped in a three- or four-jaw chuck.

For irregular shaped workpieces it is usual to use a four jaw independent moving jaws chuck. These holding devices mount directly to the lathe headstock spindle.

In precision work, and in some classes of repetition work, cylindrical workpieces are usually held in a collet inserted into the spindle and secured either by a draw-bar, or by a collet closing cap on the spindle. Suitable collets may also be used to mount square or hexagonal workpieces. In precision toolmaking work such collets are usually of the draw-in variety, where, as the collet is tightened, the workpiece moves slightly back into the headstock, whereas for most repetition work the dead length variety is preferred, as this ensures that the position of the workpiece does not move as the collet is tightened.

A soft workpiece e. A soft dead center is used in the headstock spindle as the work rotates with the centre. Because the centre is soft it can be trued in place before use. Traditionally, a hard dead center is used together with suitable lubricant in the tailstock to support the workpiece.

In modern practice the dead center is frequently replaced by a running center , as it turns freely with the workpiece—usually on ball bearings—reducing the frictional heat, especially important at high speeds. When clear facing a long length of material it must be supported at both ends. This can be achieved by the use of a traveling or fixed steady.

If a steady is not available, the end face being worked on may be supported by a dead stationary half center. A half center has a flat surface machined across a broad section of half of its diameter at the pointed end. A small section of the tip of the dead center is retained to ensure concentricity.

Lubrication must be applied at this point of contact and tail stock pressure reduced. A lathe carrier or lathe dog may also be employed when turning between two centers. In woodturning, one variation of a running center is a cup center , which is a cone of metal surrounded by an annular ring of metal that decreases the chances of the workpiece splitting. A circular metal plate with even spaced holes around the periphery, mounted to the spindle, is called an "index plate".

It can be used to rotate the spindle to a precise angle, then lock it in place, facilitating repeated auxiliary operations done to the workpiece. Other accessories, including items such as taper turning attachments, knurling tools, vertical slides, fixed and traveling steadies, etc.

When a workpiece is fixed between the headstock and the tail-stock, it is said to be "between centers". When a workpiece is supported at both ends, it is more stable, and more force may be applied to the workpiece, via tools, at a right angle to the axis of rotation, without fear that the workpiece may break loose.

When a workpiece is fixed only to the spindle at the headstock end, the work is said to be "face work". When a workpiece is supported in this manner, less force may be applied to the workpiece, via tools, at a right angle to the axis of rotation, lest the workpiece rip free. Thus, most work must be done axially, towards the headstock, or at right angles, but gently. When a workpiece is mounted with a certain axis of rotation, worked, then remounted with a new axis of rotation, this is referred to as "eccentric turning" or "multi-axis turning".

The result is that various cross sections of the workpiece are rotationally symmetric, but the workpiece as a whole is not rotationally symmetric. This technique is used for camshafts, various types of chair legs.

Lathes are usually 'sized' by the capacity of the work that they may hold. Usually large work is held at both ends either using a chuck or other drive in the headstock and a centre in the tailstock. To maximise size, turning between centres allows the work to be as close to the headstock as possible and is used to determine the longest piece the lathe will turn - when the base of the tailstock is aligned with the end of the bed.

The distance between centres gives the maximum length of work the lathe will officially hold. It is possible to get slightly longer items in if the tailstock overhangs the end of the bed but this is an ill-advised practice. The other dimension of the workpiece is how far off-centre it can be. This is known as the 'swing' "The distance from the head center of a lathe to the bed or ways, or to the rest. The swing determines the diametric size of the object which is capable of being turned in the lathe; anything larger would interfere with the bed.

This limit is called the swing of the bed. The swing of the rest is the size which will rotate above the rest, which lies upon the bed. This makes more sense with odd-shaped work but as the lathe is most often used with cylindrical work, it is useful to know the maximum diameter of work the lathe will hold.

This is simply the value of the swing or centre height above the bed multiplied by two. For some reason, in the U. To be clear on size, it is better, therefore, to describe the dimension as 'centre height above the bed'. As parts of the lathe reduce capacity, measurements such as 'swing over cross slide' or other named parts can be found. The smallest lathes are "jewelers lathes" or "watchmaker lathes", which, though often small enough to be held in one hand are normally fastened to a bench.

The workpieces machined on a jeweler's lathe are often metal, but other softer materials can also be machined. Jeweler's lathes can be used with hand-held "graver" tools or with a "compound rest" that attach to the lathe bed and allows the tool to be clamped in place and moved by a screw or lever feed.

Graver tools are generally supported by a T-rest, not fixed to a cross slide or compound rest. The work is usually held in a collet, but high-precision 3 and 6-jaw chucks are also commonly employed. Common spindle bore sizes are 6 mm, 8 mm and 10 mm. Most lathes commonly referred to as watchmakers lathes are of this design. Derbyshire, Inc. Two bed patterns are common: the WW Webster Whitcomb bed, a truncated triangular prism found only on 8 and 10 mm watchmakers' lathes ; and the continental D-style bar bed used on both 6 mm and 8 mm lathes by firms such as Lorch and Star.

Other bed designs have been used, such a triangular prism on some Boley 6. Smaller metalworking lathes that are larger than jewelers' lathes and can sit on a bench or table, but offer such features as tool holders and a screw-cutting gear train are called hobby lathes, and larger versions, "bench lathes" - this term also commonly applied to a special type of high-precision lathe used by toolmakers for one-off jobs.

Lathes of these types do not have additional integral features for repetitive production, but rather are used for individual part production or modification as the primary role. Lathes of this size that are designed for mass manufacture, but not offering the versatile screw-cutting capabilities of the engine or bench lathe, are referred to as "second operation" lathes.

Lathes with a very large spindle bore and a chuck on both ends of the spindle are called "oil field lathes". Fully automatic mechanical lathes, employing cams and gear trains for controlled movement, are called screw machines. Lathes that are controlled by a computer are CNC lathes. Lathes with the spindle mounted in a vertical configuration, instead of horizontal configuration, are called vertical lathes or vertical boring machines.

They are used where very large diameters must be turned, and the workpiece comparatively is not very long. A lathe with a tool post that can rotate around a vertical axis, so as to present different tools towards the headstock and the workpiece are turret lathes.

A lathe equipped with indexing plates, profile cutters, spiral or helical guides, etc. Lathes can be combined with other machine tools, such as a drill press or vertical milling machine. These are usually referred to as combination lathes. Woodworking lathes are the oldest variety.

All other varieties are descended from these simple lathes. An adjustable horizontal metal rail — the tool rest — between the material and the operator accommodates the positioning of shaping tools, which are usually hand-held. After shaping, it is common practice to press and slide sandpaper against the still-spinning object to smooth the surface made with the metal shaping tools.

The tool rest is usually removed during sanding, as it may be unsafe to have the operators hands between it and the spinning wood. Many woodworking lathes can also be used for making bowls and plates.

The bowl or plate needs only to be held at the bottom by one side of the lathe. It is usually attached to a metal face plate attached to the spindle. With many lathes, this operation happens on the left side of the headstock, where are no rails and therefore more clearance.

In this configuration, the piece can be shaped inside and out. A specific curved tool rest may be used to support tools while shaping the inside. Further detail can be found on the woodturning page. Most woodworking lathes are designed to be operated at a speed of between and 1, revolutions per minute, with slightly over 1, rpm considered optimal for most such work, and with larger workpieces requiring lower speeds.

One type of specialized lathe is duplicating or copying lathe also known as Blanchard lathe after its inventor Thomas Blanchard. This type of lathe was able to create shapes identical to a standard pattern and it revolutionized the process of gun stock making in the s when it was invented.

Used to make a pattern for foundries , often from wood, but also plastics. A patternmaker's lathe looks like a heavy wood lathe, often with a turret and either a leadscrew or a rack and pinion to manually position the turret. The turret is used to accurately cut straight lines.

They often have a provision to turn very large parts on the other end of the headstock, using a free-standing toolrest. Another way of turning large parts is a sliding bed, which can slide away from the headstock and thus open up a gap in front of the headstock for large parts. In a metalworking lathe , metal is removed from the workpiece using a hardened cutting tool , which is usually fixed to a solid moveable mounting, either a tool-post or a turret, which is then moved against the workpiece using handwheels or computer-controlled motors.

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