The lathe cutting tool or tool bit must be made of the correct material and ground to the correct angles to machine a workpiece efficiently. The most common tool bit is the general all-purpose bit made of high-speed steel. These tool bits are generally inexpensive, easy to grind on a bench or pedestal grinder, take lots of abuse and wear, and are strong enough for all-around repair and fabrication.  Rake angles cannot be too great or the cutting edge will lose strength to support the cutting action. The side rake angle determines the type and size of chip produced during the cutting action and the direction that the chip travels when leaving the cutting tool. Chip breakers can be included in the side rake angle to ensure that the chips break up and do not become a safety hazard. The lathe tool provided with carbide insert include nonzero. rake angle  and nonzero inclination angle α. Unauthenticated.  The application of the electromechanical surface hardening (ESH) of a bx and external tool-joint thread Z of drill pipes is substantiated. The results of the experimental researches of comparative wear resistance of the threaded connections of nipple and coupling, made of (40X) steel with threads only after improvement and improvement and ESH has been given. Side Rake Angle. Side Rake Angle. 0°. 5°.  Diamond-Tipped Turning Lathe Tools. The diamond tip on these tools offers superior cutting performance on nonferrous and nonmetallic materials, such as aluminum, copper, fiberglass, and plastic. High-Speed Steel Cutoff Blades.
A single point cutter such as those used in the lathe often have a rake surface that makes a compound angle with the machined surface. In this case, the plane of the rake face of the tool has two distinct angles, the back rake angle and the side rake angle. Notice you are looking at the back of the tool. The rake angle is generally selected between -5°and 25°. Usually, the rake angle (γ0) is not made in advance when making lathe tools, but by grinding the chip discharge groove on the lathe tools . These angles are identified as a 'side rake' angle and a 'back rake' angle. The rake angle sets the angle of shear for the cut. A greater rake angle reduces cutting forces and gives a better tool life, but too much rake can make the tool fragile. The diagram below shows the terminology used to describe cutting tools (click for a larger image).

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