Fat 0g. Los Alamos National Laboratory. Archived from the original PDF on February 27, ISBN Air Transport Action Group.

Last updated: 20 Nov 12 PM. Calorie Breakdown:. Nutritional Summary: Cals. Food Search. Save Cancel. Please note that some foods may not be suitable for some people and you are urged to seek the advice of a physician before beginning any weight loss effort or diet regimen. Although the information provided on this site is presented in good faith and believed to be correct, FatSecret makes no representations or warranties as to its completeness or accuracy and all information, including nutritional values, is used by you at your own risk.

All trademarks, copyright and other forms of intellectual property are property of their respective owners. Get the app. Brand List Contact Us. All rights reserved. Nutritional Summary: Cals Fat 0g. Carbs 7g. Retrieved December 24, Retrieved June 5, Flight International, January 15, Retrieved November 7, Retrieved February 19, November 29, Boeing Commercial Airplanes.

Archived from the original PDF on February 27, Retrieved March 18, Popular Mechanics. William E. Boeing founder James Albaugh William M. Allen James A. Bell John H. Biggs Robert A. Collins Jr. Philip M. Condit Raymond Conner William M. Boeing airliners and civil aircraft. Y1 Y3 New Midsize Airplane. B-1 6 6D 7 8 40 64 81 95 Monomail Totem Monomail.

Boeing 7x7 aircraft production timeline, —present. Boeing aircraft model numbers. Boeing Customer Codes. Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use mdy dates from October All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from November Namespaces Article Talk.

New processes have allowed flexibility in the choice of crudes, the use of coal tar sands as a source of molecules and the manufacture of synthetic blend stocks. Due to the number and severity of the processes used, it is often necessary and sometimes mandatory to use additives. These additives may, for example, prevent the formation of harmful chemical species or improve a property of a fuel to prevent further engine wear.

It is very important that jet fuel be free from water contamination. During flight, the temperature of the fuel in the tanks decreases, due to the low temperatures in the upper atmosphere. This causes precipitation of the dissolved water from the fuel.

The separated water then drops to the bottom of the tank, because it is denser than the fuel. If these supercooled droplets collide with a surface they can freeze and may result in blocked fuel inlet pipes. Removing all water from fuel is impractical; therefore, fuel heaters are usually used on commercial aircraft to prevent water in fuel from freezing. There are several methods for detecting water in jet fuel. A visual check may detect high concentrations of suspended water, as this will cause the fuel to become hazy in appearance.

An industry standard chemical test for the detection of free water in jet fuel uses a water-sensitive filter pad that turns green if the fuel exceeds the specification limit of 30 ppm parts per million free water. Military organizations around the world use a different classification system of JP for "Jet Propellant" numbers. Some are almost identical to their civilian counterparts and differ only by the amounts of a few additives; Jet A-1 is similar to JP-8 , Jet B is similar to JP Jet fuel is very similar to diesel fuel , and in some cases, may be used in diesel engines.

The possibility of environmental legislation banning the use of leaded avgas, and the lack of a replacement fuel with similar performance, has left aircraft designers and pilot's organizations searching for alternative engines for use in small aircraft.

Jet fuel is available in most places in the world, whereas avgas is only widely available in a few countries which have a large number of general aviation aircraft. A diesel engine may be more fuel-efficient than an avgas engine. However, very few diesel aircraft engines have been certified by aviation authorities.

Diesel aircraft engines are uncommon today, even though opposed-piston aviation diesel powerplants such as the Junkers Jumo family had been used during the Second World War.

Jet fuel is often used in diesel-powered ground-support vehicles at airports. However, jet fuel tends to have poor lubricating ability in comparison to diesel, which increases wear in fuel injection equipment. Jet fuel is more expensive than diesel fuel but the logistical advantages of using one fuel can offset the extra expense of its use in certain circumstances. Jet fuel contains more sulfur, up to 1, ppm, which therefore means it has better lubricity and does not currently require a lubricity additive as all pipeline diesel fuels require.

In the United States LSD is now only available to the off-road construction, locomotive and marine markets. As more EPA regulations are introduced, more refineries are hydrotreating their jet fuel production, thus limiting the lubricating abilities of jet fuel, as determined by ASTM Standard D Some synthetic jet fuels show a reduction in pollutants such as SOx, NOx, particulate matter, and sometimes carbon emissions.

Chemist Heather Willauer is leading a team of researchers at the U. Naval Research Laboratory who are developing a process to make jet fuel from seawater. The technology requires an input of electrical energy to separate Oxygen O 2 and Hydrogen H 2 gas from seawater using an iron-based catalyst, followed by an oligomerization step wherein carbon monoxide CO and hydrogen are recombined into long-chain hydrocarbons, using zeolite as the catalyst.

The technology is expected to be deployed in the s by U. Navy warships, especially nuclear-powered aircraft carriers.

This program is part of the Department of Defense Assured Fuel Initiative, an effort to develop secure domestic sources for the military energy needs. The Pentagon hopes to reduce its use of crude oil from foreign producers and obtain about half of its aviation fuel from alternative sources by The USAF intends to test and certify every airframe in its inventory to use the fuel by The U.

Army is considered one of the few customers of biofuels large enough to potentially bring biofuels up to the volume production needed to reduce costs.

The air transport industry is responsible for 2—3 percent of man-made carbon dioxide emitted. One possible solution which has received more media coverage than others would be blending synthetic fuel derived from algae with existing jet fuel: [53].

Solazyme produced the world's first percent algae-derived jet fuel, Solajet, for both commercial and military applications. Oil prices increased about fivefold from to , raising fears that world petroleum production is becoming unable to keep up with demand. The fact that there are few alternatives to petroleum for aviation fuel adds urgency to the search for alternatives. Twenty-five airlines were bankrupted or stopped operations in the first six months of , largely due to fuel costs.

Worldwide demand of jet fuel has been steadily increasing since Article 24 of the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation of 7 December stipulates that when flying from one contracting state to another, the kerosene that is already on board aircraft may not be taxed by the state where the aircraft lands, nor by a state through whose airspace the aircraft has flown. However, there is no tax regulation in the Chicago Convention to refuel the aircraft before departure.

The Chicago Convention does not preclude a kerosene tax on domestic flights and on refueling before international flights. Kerosene tax can be levied throughout the European Union on domestic flights and between Member States according to the Energy Taxation Directive. General health hazards associated with exposure to jet fuel vary according to its components, exposure duration acute vs. Evidence of the health effects of jet fuels comes from reports on both temporary or persisting biological from acute, subchronic, or chronic exposure of humans or animals to kerosene-based hydrocarbon fuels, or the constituent chemicals of these fuels, or to fuel combustion products.

The effects studied include: cancer , skin conditions , respiratory disorders , immune and hematological disorders , neurological effects , visual and hearing disorders , renal and hepatic diseases , cardiovascular conditions, gastrointestinal disorders, genotoxic and metabolic effects. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see JP1. It is not to be confused with JP3.

Type of aviation fuel. CAS Number.

Lumber Products Inc Airline Drive Metairie La Zero Open Source Jtag Hardware 65 Bench Biscuits Llc